Scientific name: peony

English name: Peony

Alias: Kao, Peony, Luoyang Flower and Grain Rain Flower.

Family name: Ranunculaceae

Peony, alias Mu Peony, Luoyang Flower, Grain Rain Flower, Deer Leek and so on. It is a deciduous perennial shrub of Ranunculaceae, belonging to the same family as Paeonia. In China, peony is the flower king, and peony is the flower phase. The height1-2m, and the old stem can reach 3m. Leaves alternate, bipinnately compound. Single to double flowers. Generally, the diameter of various corollas is 15-30 cm. Colors are red, pink, yellow, white, green, purple and so on. The flowering period is in mid-May.

Peony is cool, afraid of heat, likes dryness and avoids dampness. Originated in the northwest of China, it has a long cultivation history. Luoyang, Henan, Heze, Shandong and Pengxian, Sichuan are all rich in peony. Peony flowers are rich in form, beautiful in shape, graceful in posture, full of color and fragrance, and have high ornamental value. They are widely planted in traditional classical gardens in China.

In addition to ornamental, its root can be used as medicine, called "Peony bark", which can cure hypertension, dispel pathogenic fire, clear heat and dissipate blood stasis, eliminate carbuncle and reduce swelling. Petals are also edible and delicious.

Second, roses

Scientific name: China Rose.

English name: Rose

Alias: Catharanthus roseus, Moon Red, Thin Guest

Family name: Rosaceae

The characteristics of branches of deciduous shrubs vary from species to species. There is an upright vertical type as high as100 cm-150 cm; Expansion type with branches growing outward, with a height of 60 cm-100 cm; Some are short or creeping, and the height is less than 30cm. Others are climbing, and the branches are attached to other things in the form of vines and grow upwards. Except for a few varieties, the branches of Chinese rose generally have thorns, and the size and shape of thorns vary from variety to variety. Leaves alternate, consisting of 3 -7 leaflets, odd pinnate compound leaves, oval or oblong, serrated, smooth and shiny, or rough and dull. Flowers are solitary or clustered at the top of branches, and the number of flowers and petals varies greatly among different varieties, with rich colors, and some varieties have light or strong fragrance.

According to the color: white, green, yellow, pink, red, purple and other colors, as well as a variety of colors or stripes and spots.

According to the flower pattern, there are large-flowered varieties with flower diameters larger than 10cm, medium-flowered varieties with flower diameters smaller than 10cm and larger than 5cm, and small-flowered varieties and miniature varieties with flower diameters smaller than 5cm.

According to plant morphology, there are tall and straight plants and climbing roses with soft and long branches that grow on other things.

According to the flowering situation: cultivate healthy flower varieties that bloom continuously in the open field from May to 65438+ 10 and bloom in the greenhouse all year round; There are two kinds that only bloom in spring and autumn; In another season, flowers only bloom once in spring.

According to the origin of variety development, it can be divided into two categories: old-fashioned roses and modern roses.

Third, azaleas.

Scientific name: Rhododendron

British name: Indian azalea

Alias: Yingshanhong, Shan Shiliu, Mountain Wandering, Red Wandering.

Family name: Ericaceae

Morphological characteristics: There are many kinds of rhododendrons with different shapes. From big trees (more than 20m in height) to small shrubs (only 10cm~20cm in height), the trunk is erect or creeping, and the branches alternate or alternate.

There are more than 850 species of rhododendrons. It is distributed in Europe, Asia and North America, and Asia is the largest.

The varieties often cultivated in China are: Mao Juan, Xia Juan, Xijuan, Wild Tobacco, Rhododendron rubrum, Mayflower and Rhododendron yunyin.

Key points of propagation: sowing, cutting, grafting and layering can be used for propagation.

Fourth, orchids

Scientific name: orchid.

British name: Orchid

Alias: bluegrass

Branch name: Ranko

Morphological characteristics: perennial herbs. The root is fleshy and hairy, with * * * bacteria. Pseudobulb, common reed head, wrapped in leaf sheath, many pseudobulb are often connected and exist in rows at the same time. Leaves are linear or sword-shaped, leathery, erect or drooping, flowers are solitary or in racemes, and many bracts are attached to pedicels. Flowers are bisexual and fragrant. The tepals are petal-shaped, and the flower consists of three outer tepals, three inner tepals and gynoecium. The middle part of the inner wheel is complex in structure, diverse in shape, large and bright, and called lip. The next two pieces are attached valves, and the extension of the attached valves is called home. The upper two petals are upright, fleshy and curled inward at the top, commonly known as hugs. Lip is commonly known as blue sun. When mature, it is brown, and the seeds are fine and powdery.

Cymbidium hybridum and Cymbidium hybridum can be divided into plum petals, narcissus petals, lotus petals, butterfly petals, exotic species and vegetarian hearts according to the different shapes and textures of their main petals (lips), side petals, hand petals and lips. The sepals of plum blossom petals are short and round, fleshy, slightly bent inward, with narrow base, fleshy petals, short and hard lips, and a capsule at the top, and the initial flowering period is slightly upward. The famous varieties are Song Mei, XiShen and America. Narcissus petals are sepals slightly longer than plum petals, with tapered tips, thick petals, pocket-shaped tips and slightly drooping lips or rolled back. Famous species include Wang Zi and Cui Yipin. Tea petals are wide sepals, thick, narrow at the base and wide and sharp at the top. Put the petals in your pocket and your lips are moist and slightly curly. Famous varieties include Dafugui and Cuigaihua. Butterfly petals are the inside of two downward sepals, which become thick and wavy with red patches. Sometimes, the number of whole sepals or petals suddenly increases (such as Lv Yun, the corolla is usually around 8), or the flower shape has special changes. Su Xin is the same color as perianth, stem and bud, pure green, yellow-green and so on. , no mottled green, yellow-green and so on. No mottled markings. Precious varieties are Zhang and Lao Wentuan Su.

Blue prefers shade, avoids direct sunlight, prefers wetness and dryness, and prefers fertile sandy loam with rich humus, good drainage and slight acidity, which is suitable for air circulation.

There are about 50 kinds of orchids. There are 20 species and many varieties in China, and the common cultivated species are:

Chunlan:

Also known as grass orchid, mountain orchid and fragrant flower. One stem 1 -2 flowers, fragrant. The flowering period is February-March. Mainly distributed in the Yangtze River basin and southwest China. Traditional rare species include Song Mei and Longzi. This variety is arbor with thin leaves, dark green flowers and no fragrance or light fragrance.

C.faberi:

There are also wine orchids and Xia Lan. One stem has many flowers, often 6-12, fragrant. Flowering from March to May. The distribution area is similar to Chunlan. Traditional famous varieties include Shanghai Mei, Xie Peimei and Jin.

The variety is Song Chun.

C. silage

Commonly known as Gynostemma Simao, leaves are often arranged in two rows, and the flowering period is from July to September. Mainly distributed in Fujian and Guangdong. The varieties of flag leaves are precious golden horsetail, Chen Yu Dagong, Longyan, Dafeng tail, Guanyin and Changting.

C. Sinese

Scapes are often higher than leaves, bloom in late winter and early spring, and their colors are changeable.

Five, chrysanthemum

Scientific name: chrysanthemum

English name: Florists Chrysanthemum.

Alias: Chrysanthemum, Autumn Chrysanthemum, Jiuhua, Yellow Flower, Queen Flower.

Family and Genus: Chrysanthemum in Compositae

Chrysanthemum, alias Huanghua, Chrysanthemum, Jin Rui, etc. It belongs to a perennial herb of Compositae, with a height of 30-80 cm, alternate leaves, oval, deeply or shallowly lobed, and serrated or serrated edges. There are large and beautiful tongue-shaped flowers around the terminal flower head, with yellow tubular flowers in the middle, but the corolla color changes greatly, except blue, there are yellow, white, red, orange, purple and variegated colors; The pattern has changed greatly. The flowering period is from summer to autumn to winter, but it is mainly in June 5438- 10. The fruit is an achene.

Chrysanthemum originated in China and has a long history of cultivation. It was recorded as early as more than two thousand years ago, and the ancients also had the habit of enjoying chrysanthemums on Double Ninth Festival.

Chrysanthemum is cold-resistant, and likes deep and fertile sandy loam with good drainage to avoid waterlogging.

Chrysanthemum has many economic values. Hangju is a good refreshing drink; Chrysanthemum can be used as medicine, clearing away heat and expelling wind, calming the liver and improving eyesight.

Six, plum blossom

Scientific name: plum blossom

English name: Mumeplant Japanese apricot

Alias: Chun Mei, Hong Mei, Qing Mei, Hua Mei, Sour Mei.

Family name: Prunus of Rosaceae

Morphological characteristics: the plant height is about 10m, the trunk is brownish purple, and there are many longitudinal lines. Branchlets are green. Leaf blade broadly ovate to ovate, margin serrate. 65438+ 0 ~ 2 flowers per node, sessile or short-stalked, the original species is pale pink or white, and the cultivated varieties are purple, red and colored spots to yellowish colors, which bloom in early spring. Plum blossoms can be divided into departments, classes and types. Such as real plum, apricot, cherry plum, etc. Subtype classification

Distribution and Habit: Plum originated in China, and wild plum first evolved into ornamental plum, which is a branch of plum. China wild plum has four sub-centers, namely, eastern Sichuan and western Hubei mountainous areas; Southeast Hubei, northeast Jiangxi, Anhui and Zhejiang mountainous areas; Guangdong and Guangxi, southern Jiangxi mountainous areas and Fujian and Taipei areas. This is a deciduous tree. Meixi has a warm climate, and its flowering period is particularly sensitive to climate change. Meixi has a high air humidity, but it avoids heavy rain during flowering. Plum blossoms can grow well in areas where the annual rainfall is above 1000mm, and the requirements for soil are not strict and relatively poor. Active tree species, like sunshine and good ventilation. It is a long-lived tree species. The flowering period in the Yangtze River basin is from February to March.

Propagation and cultivation: grafting is commonly used in propagation, and the rootstocks are mostly plum, peach, apricot, apricot and apricot. Plum blossoms should be cultivated in the open space on sunny or semi-sunny slopes with a spacing of 3 ~ 5m. Usually in the growing period, that is, from autumn to early winter, fertilizer is applied three times, such as cake fertilizer compost, manure and so on. Apply quick-acting fertilizer before budding; After the new shoots stop growing (from the end of June to the beginning of July), appropriate water control and fertilization are applied to promote flower bud differentiation. Plum blossoms are suitable for bonsai cultivation. Put the plants that have been cultivated in the field for several years in a flowerpot. Pot soil should be soft, loose and fertile, and it should be trimmed before and after planting. Common diseases include perforation, anthracnose, powdery mildew, dead branch gummosis, dry rot gummosis and so on.

Application: in gardens, green spaces, courtyards and scenic spots, it can be planted alone, in clusters, in groups, etc. It can also be planted naturally in front of houses, on slopes, between rocks and on roadsides. If evergreen trees or dark buildings are used as the background, the beauty of plum blossoms can be set off. Such as pine, bamboo and plum, with pine as the background, bamboo as the guest scene and plum as the main scene. In ancient times, it was emphasized that "plum blossoms around the house" and "going upstairs to see plum blossoms" were all for the best viewing effect. In addition, plum blossoms can be arranged into Meiling, Mei Feng, Meiyuan, Meixi, Meijing and Meiwu.

Seven, lotus

Scientific name: lotus

English name: hindulouth

Alias: Lotus, Lotus, Shuizhi, Shuifurong, Lotus.

Family and Genus: Nymphaeaceae

Perennial aquatic plants. Rootstock (lotus root) is thick and knobby, born in sediment. The leaves are shield-shaped, round, dark green on the surface, gray-green with waxy white powder on the back, and undulate all over. Petiole cylindrical, densely barbed. Flowers are solitary at the top of pedicels and above the water surface, with single petals, compound petals, double petals and double petals. Colors are white, pink, crimson, lavender or intermediate colors; Stamens are numerous; The pistil is free and buried in the inverted cone sponge receptacle, and there are many scattered honeycomb holes on the receptacle surface. After fertilization, it gradually expands, called lotus, and a small nut (lotus seed) is born in each hole. The flowering period is from June to September, and it opens and closes every morning. The fruit ripening period is September-65438+1October. There are many cultivated varieties of lotus, which can be divided into three systems according to different uses: lotus root, lotus seed and Hualien.

Distribution and Habit: Lotus is native to China. I like the temperature here. In spring, when the temperature rises to 13 degrees Celsius, underground stems begin to sprout. The suitable growth temperature is 23 ~ 33 degrees Celsius, and it is resistant to high temperature. When the temperature is as high as 40 degrees Celsius, flowers can flourish. As long as there is water in the container, it will not freeze at about -5 degrees Celsius. Lotus likes wet and relatively stable still water, and it can't be short of water during the whole growing period. Lotus is a positive plant, which likes strong light and is extremely intolerant of shade. The requirements for soil are not strict, but the cohesive soil with rich organic matter is better at pH6.5. It is an aquatic perennial herb flower.

Propagation and cultivation: common nutrition (lotus root separation) propagation and sexual (sowing) propagation. The Yangtze river basin is from late March to early April, early in the south and late in the north. Sowing and propagation are mostly used to cultivate new varieties, which can be sown with harvest. Cultivation is divided into pond cultivation, pot cultivation and pot cultivation. Potted plants with a row spacing of 2 ~ 3m usually use medium-sized varieties with a diameter of about 0.5m and a height of about 0.3 plus; Bowl lotus varieties should be used for potted plants. The flowerpot is 20cm in diameter and about 15cm in height. Regardless of pond planting, pot planting or pot planting, shallow water should be poured 2 ~ 3 days after planting to fix the lotus root in the mud. With the growth of leaves, the water level gradually rises and the water depth is not submerged. Top-dressing decomposed liquid fertilizer for many times during the growth period. Pots and pots are planted with lotus seeds, which are easy to freeze in winter in the north, so we should move indoors or put them under the ice of a deep pond, or dig them out and put them in the heels of an indoor jar. Potted plants in the Yangtze River basin should be covered with plastic film in winter. Bowl lotus is raised on the balcony at home, and moved to a cool place indoors in winter. Without water in the container, it can safely overwinter.

Common diseases include leaf blight, brown streak and rot. For leaf blight and brown streak, 70% thiophanate methyl or 65% zineb can be sprayed on the leaves. 7.5g of 25% wettable Doyle powder was used for soil disinfection per hectare. The main pests are aphids, chironomids, giant salamanders, scarabs, etc., which should be prevented in time.

Application: During the Qin and Han Dynasties, ancestors used lotus as a tonic, and its medicinal use has been in China for more than 2,000 years. Lotus is a representative of holiness and a symbol of Buddhism. Lotus leaves the dust, clean and flawless. Therefore, the people of China and most Buddhist believers take the noble quality of lotus as their motto, encouraging themselves to lead a totally clean life. Lotus is the symbol and messenger of friendship. In ancient China, there was a tradition of sending plums in spring and picking lotus in autumn. Since ancient times, Chinese people have regarded lotus seeds as precious food, and they are still high-grade nourishing nutrition. Many places specialize in producing lotus seeds. Lotus root is the best vegetable and preserved fruit. Lotus leaves, lotus flowers and lotus plums are also popular medicated diets in China. It can be seen that the diet culture of lotus is rich and colorful. Traditional lotus seed porridge, preserved lotus seed, lotus seed powder, lotus root slices with meat, steamed pork with lotus leaves, lotus leaf porridge and so on are numerous. In China's flower culture, lotus is the most interesting object of flower-chanting poems and the subject of flower-and-bird painting. It is the most beautiful and colorful dance material; It is also the most commonly used and beautiful pattern decoration and modeling in various architectural decoration, sculpture techniques and daily necessities. Lotus is a famous traditional flower in China.

Eight, camellia

Scientific name: camellia japonica

English name: common camellia

Alias: Camellia japonica, Camellia japonica, Camellia japonica, Camellia japonica, Camellia japonica, Naidong, Datura stramonium.

Family and genus: Camellia of Theaceae.

Features: evergreen shrubs or small trees, up to 3-4 meters high. The trunk is smooth and hairless. The leaves are oval or oval, with serrated edges, leathery and bright green surface. Single flower pairs are born in leaf axils or branch tops, and petals are nearly round. There are 50-60 varieties with double petals, and the colors are red, white, yellow and purple. The flowering period varies with different varieties. 10 blooms from April to the following year. The capsule is round and mature in late autumn, but most double flowers can't bear fruit.

Camellia is native to the Yangtze River valley and southwest China. Sexual preference for warm and humid air, semi-cloudy and semi-sunny environment, mostly distributed in tropical and subtropical regions.

Camellia is a famous ornamental flower in China, with a cultivation history of more than 1000 years and a wide variety. In addition to cultivation and appreciation, its wood can be finely carved; Flowers used as medicine have astringent and hemostatic effects; Seeds can extract oil.

Nine, daffodils

Scientific name: narcissus tazetavar. Chinese

English name: Chinese Narsissus

Alias: narcissus, elegant garlic, golden lamp and silver platform, Chinese narcissus, garlic.

Family name: Amaryllidaceae

Narcissus, alias Tiancong, Yayuan, Jinzhan Yintai and Yulinglong. It belongs to Amaryllidaceae, a perennial bulbous grass flower. Height is 20-30 cm. Leaves are basal, linear and peaceful. Scapes are pulled out between leaves, and there are 3-8 flowers at the top, which are umbels. There is a yellow cup-shaped corolla at the mouth of the corolla, which is known as the "golden cup and silver platform". Flowering1-February. The back of pumpkin cells cracked.

Narcissus is a bulb flower planted in autumn. It blooms in early spring and stores nutrients. It sleeps in summer and likes warm and humid climate. Narcissus is the most important winter flower to decorate New Year's Day and Spring Festival. Its green leaves are like ribbons, flowers are like cups, and the fragrance is refreshing. Often cultivated with clear water, it is called "Ling Boxian".

Narcissus originated in China and distributed in warm and humid areas along the southeast coast. The daffodils in Chongming County, Shanghai and Zhangzhou, Fujian are the most famous.

Narcissus bulb juice is poisonous and contains lacodine, which is used as an analgesic in surgery. Bulbs can be mashed to treat carbuncle. Flowers are used as incense, applied to the body for haircut, in addition to ethos, to treat women's five internal organs and heart heat.

Osmanthus fragrans

Scientific name: osmanthus fragrans

English name: osmanthus fragrans

Alias: Osmanthus fragrans, Osmanthus fragrans, Osmanthus fragrans, Murraya murraya.

Morphological characteristics: evergreen trees. When cultivated in the south, the tree height can reach more than 10M; Potted plants are mostly used in the north, and the long-term cultivation height can reach 1.5m-2m. Cold-resistant varieties planted in the leeward and sunny places in the open field are also seen in the north. The bark is smooth and gray. The single leaf is opposite, the leather is bright, the leaf shape and leaf margin vary with varieties, the leaf shape is elliptic to elliptic-lanceolate, and the leaf margin is whole or serrated. Flowers are axillary cymes, small and fragrant, and their colors vary with varieties. There are osmanthus fragrans with strong growth potential, thick branches, large leaf shape, rough leaves, dark green leaves and orange red leaves; There are silvery laurel trees with medium growth, smooth leaves, serrated leaves, milky white flowers and dense and sweet flowers; Strong growth potential, smooth leaf surface, sparse serrated or entire leaf margin, light yellow flowers and sparse fragrance, which can bloom with the above varieties from September to autumn 10, or once every 2-3 months.