First, reproduction
Gardenia, often sown in February-April in spring; It is also possible to prune that robust hard branch of the previous year before sprout in spring, or prune the robust new branches of the previous year in sum and autumn to make them semi-lignified to just lignified, or prune the tender branches in late spring and early summer, and carry out cutting propagation with branches with heels; You can also carry out leaf cutting propagation or layering propagation in time during the growing season; It can also be propagated by dividing plants before germination in early spring, or at the end of September and the beginning of June in autumn 10, or select and excavate wild gardenia stumps for "blank cultivation" in Shan Ye.
Second, the key points of potted plant technology
1. Preparation of culture soil
Gardenia jasminoides Ellis is a kind of slightly acidic sandy soil with loose and fertile properties, good drainage and air permeability and rich humus, which can be selected from loose red and yellow mud, forest topsoil, pastoral soil, pond mud, humus soil, peat soil, mountain skin mud and peat soil. 4 parts, 2 parts of river sand or coal cinder, and decomposed high-quality farmyard compost, manure, manure, miscellaneous manure for burning soil, and silkworm excrement. 1 serving decomposed sawdust, coconut bran, tree dander, broken pine needles, crop straw powder, chaff ash, chaff charcoal, etc. , 1 serving salt-free bone meal, fish meal, shell meal, eggshell meal, shrimp and crab shell meal, etc. , add 1 part calcium superphosphate and 1 part calcium superphosphate.
Step 2 transplant into a flowerpot
Gardenia should be transplanted into pots before germination in spring; Nursery seedlings in containers such as nutrient bags, paper cups, grass pots and flowerpots can be transplanted with soil all year round. Choose a medium-deep pot with appropriate size, and put some soaked animal bones, hoof horns, shrimp and crab shells and 10 ~ 20 cooked fermented soybeans as base fertilizer at the bottom of the pot. Gardenia seedlings transplanted with bare roots should be soaked in clear water for 3-5 hours, then the roots should be dipped in mud and planted in pots. It is best to add a small amount of calcium superphosphate, a proper amount of rooting powder and willow water to soak in the mud, which is beneficial to improve the transplanting survival rate of gardenia seedlings.
Step 3 protect the environment
Gardenia should be kept in a sunny and well-ventilated place during the growing season. Attention should be paid to prevent the basin soil from being too wet for a long time or accumulating water in the basin during the rainy season. In continuous rainy weather, the basin should be placed sideways, otherwise it can't get wet. In summer and early autumn, cover the basin surface with grass film, straw or straw section, pine needles and sunshade net to keep the basin soil moist. You can also bury the basin in wet sand or soil. In winter, it should be moved indoors or in a greenhouse, placed in a well-lit place, and the temperature should be kept above 10℃. In the warm areas of the south, it can be placed in the outdoor leeward and in the sun, and it is best to bury it in the soil for winter.
water
Gardenia, like wet; Water frequently during the growing season to keep the basin soil moist, and it is advisable to water it once when the surface of the basin soil is slightly dry; Besides watering, you should always spray water and fog on the leaves. In summer and autumn, water it once every evening and again the next morning. In full bloom and winter, it is best not to spray foliar water, properly control the water and keep the basin soil slightly dry.
5. Top dressing
Gardenia, in the growing season, should be watered 2 ~ 3 times a month. Organic fertilizer water mainly containing phosphorus and potassium can be used, such as thin and decomposed high-quality chicken manure water, fishy water or cake fat water, and 10% calcium peracid and 5% potassium sulfate can be added for irrigation, or 5% potassium sulfate aqueous solution can be used for irrigation. Before and after flowering and during fruit expansion, 0.2% ~ 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution was sprayed on the leaves every 7 ~ 10 days.
chessom
Gardenia, in the growing season, should be relaxed once a month, about 1 ~ 5 cm deep, to keep the soil on the basin surface loose and breathable. /kloc-the last time to loosen the soil in the autumn of 0/0. Before loosening the soil, sprinkle some screened and dried high-quality chicken manure, cake fertilizer crumbs, burnt soil miscellaneous fertilizer, salt-free bone meal, fish meal, shell powder, shrimp and crab shell powder, calcium superphosphate, rice bran ash, chaff charcoal or municipal garbage, coconut bran and bark on the basin surface.
Pruning and remodeling
Gardenia, should be in the growth period of new shoots, timely topping some new shoots, and timely cutting off long branches. Every autumn and winter, after the fruit is harvested, a comprehensive pruning and shaping is carried out, such as messy branches, clumped branches, pests and diseases branches, cross branches, parallel branches and overlapping branches. Cut off, dense branches and some inner branches are cut off, and short branches are cut off.
8. Turn over the pots and change the soil
Gardenia should be turned once every 1 ~ 2 years; In the north, it is best to turn the pot and change the soil once a year, which can effectively prevent the alkalization of the pot soil and affect the growth of gardenia. Turning pots and changing soil should be carried out before germination in spring. On a warm and sunny morning, when the soil in the basin is slightly dry, move the plants with soil out of the basin, remove half to two thirds of the old soil, cut the excessively long roots short, and use the newly prepared slightly acidic sandy soil with loose fertility, rich humus and good drainage and air permeability.
Third, the technical points of ground planting
1. Land selection and preparation
Gardenia, a warm area in the south, can be cultivated in a large area in the field or interplanted in orchards; It can also be planted sporadically in front of or behind the house or in the field. It is advisable to choose sandy land with sufficient sunshine, convenient irrigation and drainage, slightly higher terrain, loose and fertile soil, rich organic matter and good drainage and air permeability, and plant it by ridging or digging big holes, and apply sufficient decomposed high-quality farm manure, soil miscellaneous fertilizer and cake fertilizer. And adding calcium superphosphate, urea and potassium sulfate, or potassium sulfate compound fertilizer as base fertilizer.
manage
Gardenia should be transplanted and planted before germination in spring, watered once after planting and watered in time when the weather is dry; Pay attention to drainage in rainy season to avoid water accumulation at the base of plants. Apply decomposed high-quality farm compost, manure, manure, livestock manure, cake fertilizer, etc. Once a quarter in the ditch, and add appropriate amount of calcium superphosphate, urea and potassium sulfate, or potassium sulfate compound fertilizer; Every month 1 ~ 2 times, the thin farmyard manure water or cake manure water mainly contains phosphorus and potassium; No topdressing in winter. Weeding, loosening and ridging should be carried out in time. Prune the fruit once a year after harvest.
3. Fruit harvesting
Gardenia should be picked in time in autumn and early winter, when the fruit is ripe, that is, when the skin of the fruit is orange-red, dried in the sun, put into cloth bags or paper bags for dry storage or marketing.
Fourth, pest control.
Gardenia mainly includes leaf spot, yellow leaf disease, branch blight, anthracnose and powdery mildew, as well as aphids, red spiders, leaf eaters and borers. Cultivation management should be strengthened at ordinary times. If pests and diseases are found, they should be prevented in time.