After being discovered and propagated by grafting, Dongzao jujube was planted under different site conditions. After many years of observation, it shows that the genetic characters are relatively stable, the fruit shape is beautiful, the fruit is large, the quality is high and the adaptability is strong, so it is suitable for planting in jujube areas in northern China. At present, it has passed the expert appraisal in Shandong Province and was named Zhandong 2.

Main characters of winter jujube variety Zhandong No.2

1. Botanical characteristics: The tree of this variety is stout, the tree posture is relatively open, the bark is scaly and longitudinally split, the annual branches are brown, the skin nodes are large and sparse (26 skin nodes per cm), and the spacing between the second branches of jujube head is short. 65438 0.85 jujubes were extracted from the young jujube rootstock on average, and 3.52 jujubes were extracted from the middle jujube rootstock on average, with short jujubes (generally about 20 cm long). The leaf width is oval, and the leaf shape index is 1.85. The leaves are big and thick, the color is dark green, the shutter weighs 20.8 grams, and the flowers are big (average 3.2 mm? 3.5 mm), and the amount of flowers is also large.

2. The economic characters of fruit are large, with the average single fruit weight of 2 1.09g, the maximum fruit weight of 57.5g, the fruit shape index of 0.9 18, and the fruit shape is correct. The fruit is oblate, apple-shaped, with short stalk, deep depression and flat and slightly concave top. The fruit is red and bright. The meat is thick, small in core, tender, crisp and sweet, excellent in quality and rich in nutrition. Tested by the Food Quality Supervision, Inspection and Testing Center of the Ministry of Agriculture, it contains 32% ~ 38% soluble solids (5% higher than Zhanhua Dongzao) and the edible rate is 97.9% (4.5% higher than Zhanhua Dongzao). It contains vitamin c 308 mg/100 g, total acid 0. 17%, calcium 9.8 mg/100 g, iron 3.6 mg/kg, water content 78.2%, fruit average hardness 8.7 kg/cm2, which is relatively resistant to storage and transportation and/kloc at room temperature.

3. Growth and fruiting habits In that year, the average growth of new jujube trees was 67.9 cm, and the crown expanded rapidly. Multi-head grafting was formed in the same year. Early fruit is highly productive, and can be grafted in one year, produced in two years and produced in three years. The mature stage of germination and fruiting of this tree is late (later than Zhanhua Dongzao 10 days), so it is suitable for protected cultivation. The middle and lower parts of new jujube head are the main fruit-bearing stage, and the middle and upper parts of branches are the main fruit-bearing stage.

4. Strong resistance and adaptability, salt and alkali tolerance, high temperature tolerance and cold tolerance, showing high quality and stable yield in garden and field cultivation. It has strong resistance to blind stinkbug scale and Tetranychus urticae, stronger waterlogging tolerance and worse drought resistance than jujube rust and bacterial scab.

5. The phenological phase began to germinate on April 22-26 in Zhanhua, Shandong Province, and began to spread leaves on April 25 (which lasted for 8-9 days), blossomed on May 27, blossomed on June 15, withered on July 13- 16, and the fruit began to color in the middle and late September, 65438.999999999996

Key points of cultivation techniques

1. It is advisable to plant gardens in spring, and the spacing between plants is generally 2 meters? 3 meters, before planting, it is advisable to make unified planning, dot positioning holes, dig a pit about 50 cm square (the topsoil is separated from the subsoil), and then fully mix 2 ~ 3 shovels of decomposed loose farmyard manure with100 ~150g of diammonium phosphate and loose soil before backfilling. When planting seedlings, it is necessary to dry, raise seedlings, protect, bind, seal wax, transport, plant and water. Pay attention to large-scale planting by watering in batches according to the progress, and then watering and compacting after planting. After the soil surface is coated (that is, it can be hoed when the soil surface is wet and dry), the tree tray is arranged, ridged and covered with film.

2. Soil, fertilizer and water management mainly manages three fertilizers and four waters. The three fertilizers are base fertilizers in autumn, which should be topdressed in time during the growing season and sprayed on the leaves. 10 10 After picking jujube fruit in the middle and late October, combine deep ploughing and soil improvement, and apply 4,000 ~ 5,000 kilograms of high-quality soil miscellaneous fertilizer per mu. Topdressing 3 ~ 4 times before germination, flowering, young fruit expansion and fruit picking, in which topdressing depends on tree conditions. Nitrogen fertilizer is the main fertilizer in the early stage of topdressing, and ternary compound fertilizer is applied in the later stage, generally about 0.5 kg per plant. In the growing period, spraying outside the roots and topdressing should be combined every 15 days as needed. The four waters are water for accelerating germination, helping flowers, promoting fruit and overwintering. Irrigation should be combined with topdressing, water should be raced in flowering period (to avoid flooding), and water should be drained in time in rainy season to prevent waterlogging.

3. The modified sparse layer of small crown can be used for shaping and pruning, which is also called single-layer heart-shaped tree. * * * It is divided into two layers, with 3-4 main branches at the grass-roots level and 2-3 main branches or large bearing branches at the second layer. The interlayer spacing1.0-1.2m ..1~ 2 large and medium bearing branches (auxiliary branches) can be left between layers and leveled. The upper main branch expands to 1/3 ~ 1/2 of the lower main branch, and the height of the tree is controlled at 2 ~ 3 meters. Young trees are mainly lightly cut and slowly released, and the jujube heads on the main side are lightly cut, so that the membership relationship is clear. In particular, it is necessary to avoid excessive jujube heads in the periphery, which will lead to the outward migration of the fruiting parts and poor ventilation and light transmission. Pay attention to the timely update of the fruiting branches.

4. Flower protection and fruit protection are the most important cultural measures in the production of Zhandong 2, which mainly include bud wiping, branch pulling, core removal, nail opening, spraying plant growth regulators, fruit thinning and so on. Bud smearing, that is, after the winter jujube germinates in early May, the new jujube head and the long jujube head, which are not cultivated with elongation branches and fruiting branches, are combined for shaping, leaving the most basal jujube head to be wiped off. Smearing buds is often combined with keeping buds. The methods are as follows: leaving buds at the base of backbone branches and smearing them at the tip; Leave secondary branch buds and wipe axillary branch buds once; Leave secondary branches and lateral buds, and wipe back the upper buds; Wipe strong buds on the upper part of the trunk and weak buds on the lower part. Branching is from late April to late May, and the vertically growing jujube heads are gradually pulled into a horizontal state with ropes. From late May to early June, combined with the culture of fruiting branches, the top buds or secondary branches of jujube and the early hanging jujube tips were removed. Opening a nail is the peeling of a ring. When flowering in mid-June, the trunk or main branch should be peeled off at the smooth place of 1 20 cm from the ground, and then cut for two weeks with a nail opener according to a certain width to reach the xylem. Finally, the phloem tissue between the tangent lines of the ring should be peeled off. When cutting the skin with a knife, pay attention to that the upper knife inclines upward and the lower knife inclines downward. The width of the nail mouth must be determined according to the age of the tree. Spraying 1 ~ 2 times 10 ~ 20 mg/kg gibberellin and 0.2% boric acid at flowering stage can significantly improve the fruit setting rate. Starting from the end of July, artificial fruit thinning will be carried out. According to the tree potential, tree age and management level, the average fruit yield of the whole tree is determined as 1 or 1, which creates conditions for high yield, high quality and high efficiency.