How to achieve the cultivation goals of early fruiting, high yield, high quality and low consumption in economic forests?

1) High-standard garden construction: select dwarf seedlings or dwarf intermediate stock seedlings with good varieties and strong growth, giving priority to short-branched varieties; for tree species with cross-flowering and fruiting, select suitable pollination trees Varieties, for triploid varieties, there should be at least two pollination tree varieties, and the pollination tree variety and the main planted variety are about 1:4-5; adopt a dwarf and dense planting cultivation model with wide row spacing, and use column configuration pollination for apples, pears, etc. Tree varieties, and for walnuts, chestnuts, etc., use border configurations to pollinate tree varieties; before planting, the soil should be dug and deeply plowed, and sufficient organic fertilizer should be applied. This should be done before the rainy season of the previous year; seedlings sprout after the soil thaws in spring and the temperature rises. Plant when it has not yet sprouted. The planting depth should be consistent with the depth of the nursery. After planting, build tree trays, irrigate them in time and cover them with mulch. At the same time, make short cuts at full buds to stabilize the stems. Where conditions permit, the tree trunks should be painted white or other protective measures should be taken; In areas with strong northern winds, protective forests should be installed.

2) Reasonable shaping and pruning: Select a reasonable tree shape based on the growth characteristics of the tree species or variety, planting density, soil conditions and management level, select the backbone branches and configure the fruiting branch group according to the tree structure requirements; The main task of the sapling stage is shaping, which is the stage of increasing branches and crowns. The principle of pruning is mainly light pruning and a combination of light and heavy pruning. The pruning methods should be bud carving, branch pulling, slow release, girdling, etc. to maintain the upright advantage of the central trunk. Pay attention to the handling of competing branches; the main task during the fruiting period is pruning. In order to adjust the conflicting stage between growth and fruiting, the pruning principle is to prune the tree, follow the shape of the branches, keep the visible from dying, and keep the invisible from chaos. For strong trees, pull branches, slow release, and Pruning methods such as thinning, girdling, and softening of branches are often used. For weak trees, pruning methods such as retraction, short cutting, and thinning are often used. Pay attention to the unity of tree shape, tree vigor, and lighting. The main task in the senescence period is to rejuvenate, and pruning methods are based on Mainly short and retracted.

3) Strengthen the management of soil, fertilizer and water: For economic forests in the sapling stage, the soil should be deeply plowed and matured, and where conditions permit, the grass system or mulching system should be used as much as possible; the management of fertilizer and water should be strengthened in the early stage of growth, and the supply of fertilizer and water should be controlled in the later stage of growth. After the soil thaws in spring or in early autumn, apply basal fertilizers, mainly organic fertilizers, in furrows or holes for 1-2 times of quick-release nitrogen fertilizer during the vigorous growth period of the branches, and spray 1-2 times of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers on the leaves in autumn. For economic forests in the fruiting period, the garden should be plowed after it has been grassed or covered for many years, and continued to be grassed or covered after 1 or 2 years of fallow period; base fertilizer, mainly organic fertilizer, should be applied in the ditch in early autumn, and quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer should be applied in the ditch or hole before and after germination. During the flowering period, spray borax and urea or potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, plant ash and other mixtures on the leaves. After flowering (the critical period of flower bud differentiation), apply quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer and a small amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer in ditches or holes. During the fruit expansion period ( During the flower bud differentiation period), nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are applied in ditches or holes in a certain proportion. In the later stages of fruit growth (one month before red fruits are colored), phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are sprayed on the leaves, mainly potassium fertilizers. The amount of fertilizer is controlled at 1 kg or more per kilogram of fruit. 1.5 kg of fertilizer; water properly according to local rainfall conditions. If there is too much rainfall in autumn, pay attention to garden drainage. The irrigation period is before and after budding, after flowering, fruit expansion period, after fruit harvest and before the soil freezes. The water control period is the critical period for flower bud differentiation. , before fruit harvest. For economic forests in the senescent stage, the soil will continue to be deeply plowed and matured to increase the supply of fertilizer and water and promote root growth.

4) Pay attention to flower and fruit management: take timely measures to promote flowering on auxiliary branches during the sapling stage.

During the fruiting period, pay attention to thinning flowers and fruits, and cooperate with artificial assisted pollination or releasing bees in the orchard. Fruit bagging is done 30-40 days after flowering (after fruit drop in June). Single-layer bags can be used for green or yellow fruits, and red fruits can be used. Use double-layer bags, apply insecticide and fungicide before bagging, and pick the bags about 30 days before harvesting