Ground buds are plants whose regenerated buds are located in the soil near the ground. In unfavorable seasons, the remaining seedlings lying on the ground are protected by dead branches and residues, and then branches grow from these remaining seedlings in the growing season. It is a kind of plant that can pass through the resistant buds of bad life and get close to the surface. Viola, evening primrose, strawberry, Hedyotis diffusa, Sanguisorba officinalis, Forsythia suspensa, or bentgrass and Zoysia japonica, whose buds are covered with dead leaves, all belong to this kind of plants in winter. J. Braun-Bla-Nquet and others classify epiphytic algae, sessile or leaflike lichens, leaflike lichens and other lower plants into this category. In cold areas, the snow layer can protect it from low temperature, so there are many plants of this life form.

Above-ground buds refer to plants whose buds or top branches are located on or very close to the surface. Generally not higher than 25 cm above the surface, it can be protected by plant litter or surface snow. Raunkiaer( 1907) is one of the life forms of higher plants. Refers to plants whose resistant buds are less than 30 cm from the surface in winter or dry season. Evergreen and deciduous liana shrubs or small shrubs [Ardisia japonica, Thyme], cushion plants, herbs with some stems (white clover) and so on all belong to this category.

High-position buds are plants whose dormant buds are more than 25 cm above the ground in unfavorable times. It is the external expression of plants adapting to the ecological environment. Dormant buds are located 25 cm above the ground and are divided into four subtypes according to their height. (1) megaph: height >: 30m, it is a big tree. (2) mesophyll, medium and high bud plants, small trees with a height of 8-30m. (3) Leaflets, small high-bud plants, are small trees and shrubs with a height of 2-8m. (4) the nano-pH of short and high-bud plants is 2m >; Height > 25 cm, shrubs and small shrubs.

In short:

The buds or top branches of high-bud plants that have passed the unfavorable growth season are located on branches higher from the ground. For example, trees, shrubs and large herbs in tropical and humid areas all belong to this category. According to the height of the bud from the ground, it can be divided into four categories: large (more than 30 meters), medium (8-30 meters), small (2-8 meters) and short (0.25-2 meters). According to the characteristics of evergreen or deciduous leaves, whether buds are protected by bud scales is further divided into 12 types, with a total of 15 types, including succulent high-bud plants, perennial herbaceous high-bud plants and epiphytic high-bud plants.

The buds or tops of perennial plants are located at or near the surface, and the height from the surface is not more than 20 ~ 30 cm, which can be protected by litter or snow in unfavorable seasons. It can be divided into four types: short and semi-shrub overground bud plants; Passive overground budding plants, that is, some plants whose branches are too delicate to stand upright and can only lie flat on the ground; Active budding plants also lie flat on the ground, but their branches are not delicate, but actively extend horizontally; Cushion plants. Ground bud plants (ground bud plants) wither the branches on the ground in unfavorable seasons, and their ground buds and underground parts keep vitality under the protection of topsoil and litter, and germinate again when conditions are suitable. It can be divided into three types: in-situ bud plants, semi-rosette bud plants and rosette bud plants.

Underground plants are also called cryptophytes. Buds are buried under the soil surface or in water to survive in harsh environment. It can be further divided into seven types: rhizome underground bud plants (such as reed, ginger, etc. ); Tuber underground bud plants (such as potatoes); Underground bud plants (such as sweet potato and dahlia). ); Bulb underground bud plants (such as onion and lily); Underground bud plants without developed rhizomes, tubers and bulbs; Marsh plants and aquatic plants.

Iris is a perennial erect herb with a height of about 30-50 cm. Rhizomes are creeping and knobby, with thick and short internodes and light yellow. The leaves are gradually sword-shaped, 2-4 cm wide and 30-45 cm long. They are very thin, light green, alternately arranged in two columns, and the bottoms overlap each other. Flowering period from spring to early summer, raceme 1-2 branches, each with 2-3 flowers; Hua Hudie-shaped, the corolla is blue-purple or purple-white, with a diameter of about 10 cm, and the outer three pieces are larger and drooping round; The inner 3 pieces are smaller and rounder; The outer perianth has dark purple spots, and the central surface has a row of crista cristata white with purple ridges. The flowering period is from April to June, and the fruiting period is from June to August. Stamens 3, opposite to the outer perianth; Style 3-forked, flat as petals, covered with stamens. Flowers come out of the leaves in blue, purple, yellow, white, reddish and other colors, with large and beautiful patterns. Capsule is rectangular with 6 edges. There are all kinds of iris lactiflora, with white flowers and light yellow stripes at the base of the outer perianth. It is a kind of cohesive soil with strong cold resistance, which can be divided into (1) medium humidity, good drainage, rich in humus and slightly alkaline; (2) Born in swamp soil or shallow water; (3) Born in shallow water; (4) Like sunshine, cool climate, strong cold resistance and semi-cloudy environment.

Pittosporum, alias Pittosporum, is a small evergreen tree or shrub with a height of 3 meters. Produced in southern Jiangsu, China, Zhejiang, Fujian, Taiwan Province, Guangdong and other places; South Korea and Japan are also distributed. Gardens in the Yangtze River valley and its south area are widely used for cultivation and appreciation. Evergreen shrubs or small trees with brown hairs on their shoots. Leaves alternate, leathery, obovate or narrowly obovate, entire, apex rounded or obtuse, base cuneate. Umbellies are born at the top of branches and have hairs. Flowers are fragrant, with 5 petals and 5 stamens. First white, then yellow. The ovary is hairy. The capsule is spherical. Small evergreen trees or shrubs, up to 3 meters high. Most leaves are clustered at the top of branches, narrowly obovate, 5- 12 cm long, and bear fruit.

Width 1-4cm, entire, blunt or concave at the top, wedge-shaped at the base, often rolled out at the edge, with handles. Cymes are terminal; The flowers are white or yellow-green, fragrant, and the stalk is 0.8- 1.5 cm long; Sepals, petals and stamens, 5 each; Ovary superior, densely pubescent. The capsule is nearly spherical and angular, reaching 65438 0.5 cm, 3-lobed at maturity, and the fruit petals are woody; The seeds are bright red. The flowering period is May, and the fruit maturity is 65438+ 10. The capsule is oval and angular, with three petals when it matures, revealing bright red seeds. Roots, leaves and seeds are all used as medicine, and roots can dispel wind and activate collaterals, dissipate blood stasis and relieve pain; Leaves can detoxify and stop bleeding; Seeds can astringent intestines and fix sperm; Also available for viewing; It has strong resistance to toxic gases such as sulfur dioxide. Strong adaptability to the climate, cold resistance, but also quite resistant to summer heat. South of the Yellow River basin, you can safely overwinter in the open field. South China can safely spend the summer in sunny places. It grows best from the Yangtze River basin to the north of Nanling. To the north of the Yellow River, potted plants are often used and kept indoors for winter protection. It also has strong adaptability to light and is more resistant to shade and scorching sun, but it grows best in semi-shade. I like fertile and moist soil, and it grows poorly on arid and barren land, and it is slightly drought-resistant and quite water-resistant and wet-resistant. Potting or ground planting can be based on common topsoil, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, decomposed cake fertilizer or livestock manure, and then general management can be carried out. Strong germination and quite resistant to pruning. Generally, after 4-5 years old, it can be pruned into platforms, spheres, cylinders and other forms according to ornamental requirements, and the plants after pruning and shaping have higher value.

Loquat (scientific name: loquat; ; English name: loquat), the ancient Chinese name Lu Ju, also known as Jin Wan and Lu Zhi, belongs to a genus of Rosaceae, Apple Subsubfamily, and is a small evergreen tree. The crown of the tree is round and the trunk is quite short. Generally, trees are 3 to 4 meters high. The leaves are thick and dark green, with fluff on the back and serrated edges. Loquat originated in the southeast of China, so it is named after it looks like a pipa instrument. Loquat (scientific name: loquat; ; English name: loquat), the ancient Chinese name Lu Ju, also known as Jin Wan and Lu Zhi, belongs to a genus of Rosaceae, Apple Subsubfamily, and is a small evergreen tree. The crown of the tree is round and the trunk is quite short. Generally, trees are 3 to 4 meters high. The leaves are thick and dark green, with fluff on the back and serrated edges. Small evergreen trees of Eriobotrya in Rosaceae. Branchlets densely covered with rusty tomentose. The leaves are leathery, oblanceolate, obovate to oblong, with a sharp or acuminate apex, a wedge-shaped or acuminate petiole at the base, sparse serrations at the upper edge, wrinkles and green on the surface, and dense gray-brown fluff on the back and petiole. Panicle terminal, pedicel and calyx tube rust, white fragrant flowers. Flowering period 1 1 to February of the following year. The fruit is spherical or rectangular, yellow or orange. The fruit ripens in May-June.

Asparagus, Liliaceae. Also known as asparagus. Cold in nature, sweet in taste and slightly bitter. Has the effects of nourishing yin, clearing away heat, moistening lung and nourishing kidney. Can be used for treating fever due to yin deficiency, cough and hematemesis, lung abscess, sore throat, thirst, constipation, etc. Born on the edge of humid forests in Shan Ye, on slopes, grasslands or shrubs in hilly areas; Distributed in South China, Southwest China, Central China, Henan, Shandong and other provinces. It is a perennial green semi-creeping herb with woody stems and drooping branches, and its length is 80 ~ 120 cm. Its leaves are clustered, flat as pine needles, green and shiny, with white flowers and green fruits, red when ripe, and black spherical seeds. The tuberous root is fleshy, tufted, oblong or spindle-shaped, 4 ~ 10 cm long and grayish yellow. The stem is very thin, 2 meters long, with longitudinal grooves. 2 ~ 3 fasciculate axils, linear, flat, length 1 ~ 2.5 (~ 3) cm, width 1 mm, slightly curved and sharp at the top. Leaves degenerate into scales, and the scaly leaves on the main stem often become short spines that bend downward. Flowers 1 ~ 3 clustered leaf axils, yellow or white, drooping; Perianths are arranged in 6 or 2 rounds, oblong or oval, about 2 mm long; Stamens 6, anthers T-shaped; Pistil 1, ovary 3-loculed, stigma 3-forked.

Born in Shan Ye, also cultivated in the garden. Distributed in Central China, Northwest China, Yangtze River Basin and South China. Growth characteristics: like warm and humid, semi-cloudy, drought-tolerant, barren, not cold-resistant, the winter temperature must be kept above 6℃.