Morning glory

[Scientific name]: Pharhiris nil qianniuhua morning glory

[Family name]: Convolvulaceae

[Place of origin ]: Tropical Asia, southern my country

Morning glory has entered the ranks of traditional famous flowers and has a history of more than a thousand years. It is not only famous in flower records, flower chronicles, and classics, but also has many poems and articles in the past dynasties. chant.

Morning glory is also known as morning glory, morning glory and morning glory flower. It is an annual trailing herbaceous flower of the morning glory genus of the Convolvulaceae family. The creeping stem is slender, about 3 to 4 meters, and the whole plant is densely covered with short bristles. Leaves are alternate, entire or lobed. Cymes are axillary, with 1 to several flowers. Corolla trumpet-like. The flowers are bright and beautiful. The capsule is spherical, and the back of the cell will dehisce when mature. The seeds are large, black or yellowish white, and have a long life. The flowering period is from June to October, and most flowers bloom in the morning and fade in the afternoon.

Edit this paragraph Morphological characteristics

Annual twining herb, the plant body is covered with hairs. The leaves are alternate, broadly ovate or nearly round, often 3-lobed, the apical lobe is oblong or oval, and the lateral lobes are shorter, triangular, and pubescent. Blooms in autumn, in axillary inflorescences, with 1 to 3 flowers, some solitary in leaf axils, 5 sepals, corolla blue-purple gradating to lavender or pink, funnel-shaped, corolla tube light-colored, 5 stamens, unequal length, filament base Covered with soft hair. Ovary 3-chambered, stigma capitate. Capsule, nearly spherical, seeds egg-shaped and triangular, dark brown or beige, covered with short brown hairs. It is native to tropical America and is widely cultivated throughout my country for ornamental purposes. The seeds are commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine. The black ones are called "Heichou" and the beige ones are called "Bai Chou". Contains resin glycosides, pigments, fatty oils, organic acids and other ingredients. Heichou is mostly used as medicine. It has the effect of purging water and diuresis. It is mainly used to treat edema, abdominal distension, and difficulty in defecation and defecation. The traditional Chinese medicine Heichou, which is the seeds of black morning glory, is ground into fine powder and added with egg white and applied to the affected area before going to bed. Wash it off with water the next morning and use it continuously for a week. It can also eliminate freckles. It can also be used Use fruit plum seeds instead of black morning glory seeds, the effect is the same. Special note is that black chou is slightly poisonous and must not be taken orally.

Edit this paragraph Habits and Characteristics< /p>

Twining herbaceous plants that last for 1 to 2 years and can reach a height of 3 meters. There are many varieties, including blue, crimson, peach, violet, purple or spotted mixed colors, and the edges of the petals change a lot.

Edit the main species of this paragraph

There are more than 60 kinds of morning glories. Commonly cultivated morning glory with split leaves. The leaves are deeply three-lobed, and the flowers are 1 to 3 axillary in size, ranging from bright blue, rose red or white. Round-leaf morning glory has broad, heart-shaped leaves with entire edges and small flowers in white, rose red, bright blue and other colors. The currently popular large-flowered morning glory has large leaves with long stalks and three lobes, with a larger central lobe. The leaves tend to have irregular yellow and white patches. There are 1 to 3 axillary flowers, the stem is shorter than the petiole, the flowers are large, and the flower diameter can reach 10 cm or more. It is native to Asia and tropical Africa. This species is most cultivated in Japan and is called the morning flower. Many horticultural varieties have been bred with various flower shapes and colorful colors, and are widely popular in various places.

Morning glory is a strong and vigorous plant that likes a mild climate, sufficient light and moderate ventilation. It has strong adaptability to soil, is more tolerant of drought and salt-alkali, and is not afraid of high temperatures and heat. It is a deep-rooted plant and should be planted in deep soil. It is best to direct seed or transplant the seedlings as early as possible. Large seedlings cannot tolerate transplantation.

Edit the key points of cultivation in this paragraph

Suitable temperature for germination: 20-25℃, sowing period: spring and summer; suitable temperature for growth: 22-34℃, flowering period: summer, autumn

Seedling cultivation: First soak the seeds in warm water for 4-6 hours or treat them with sulfuric acid. After sowing, cover with soil about 1 cm to keep the soil warm and moist. They will germinate after 5-6 days. Two leaves can be transplanted, and the distance between plants is 30 cm.

Planting: Choose well-drained culture soil, provide sufficient sunlight and a well-ventilated environment. During the growth period, when the surface of the pot soil is slightly dry, it needs to be irrigated with water. Apply dilute liquid fertilizer once every half a month. Do not use too much nitrogen fertilizer. Prevent the stems and leaves from being too lush. Potted plants need to be supported by pillars.

Morning glories are not only a good material for vertical greening of fences and fences, but also suitable for potted plants and decoration on courtyard balconies. The best time to plant potted plants is in early April, with half and half ordinary culture soil and plain sand soil, and installed in a second tube. Pots (inner diameter 13 cm), sow 4 to 5 meters of seeds on demand in each pot. Because the seed coat is thick and germination is slow, you can use a knife to carve a little of the seed coat at the upper part of the hilum. After sowing, keep the temperature at 25°C and germinate in about 7 days. Observe that the two cotyledons are as long as they are and transplant the seedlings separately. You can remove the entire seedling from the pot and separate the seedlings with soil. When making potted plants, remove 1 cm from the lower end of the main root and plant it in No. 2 tubular pots with ordinary culture soil, one plant in each pot. Pay attention to transplanting morning glory in the open field. Never damage the main root. The seedlings should be transplanted small and early. The bigger the soil lump, the better.

When the seedlings have grown 6 to 7 leaves and are about to spread out, the whole bunch is taken out and replaced with a green pot (inner diameter 24 cm) for planting. The pot soil should be fertilized and cultivated soil, and 50 grams of fertilizer should be applied. Hoof slices are used as base fertilizer. Water thoroughly after planting. After the pot soil is solidified, insert a 1-meter-long thin bamboo pole straight into the center of the pot. Then use a lead wire about 3 meters long, wrap one end of it with the soil surface around the bamboo pole, and then spiral upward from the mouth of the basin to form a tower-shaped spiral frame with a large bottom and a small top. The upper end of the iron wire is fixed on the top of the bamboo pole. Morning glory is a left-handed plant, and the winding direction of the lead wire must conform to the habit of the morning glory winding to the left. When the main vine climbs along the lead wire to the top of the pole, remove the top.

Pinch the tips of the side vines every time they grow to 6 to 7 leaves. This can make the flowers larger and keep blooming.

Edit planting techniques in this paragraph

Planting large-flowered morning glory in pots can also prevent it from climbing and develop a dwarf, bushy and plump plant type. When the seedlings grow 5 to 6 leaves, plant them into a two-cylinder pot (inner diameter 23 cm). Then pinch the tip to encourage the growth of 2 to 3 side buds, and wipe out the rest. When the side buds spread out and the leaves spread out, leave 2 to 3 more leaves and remove the tips. In this way, about 10 flowers can bloom at a time. Pick off the flowers immediately after they wither to encourage new buds to grow on their side branches. Leave a few of them as appropriate, wipe off any excess, and pinch the tips as before. This will keep the bushes full and the flowers constant.

To grow morning glories scientifically, you must use pots. This not only facilitates scientific management, exhibition and evaluation, but also ensures the selection of excellent varieties.

1. Seedling cultivation: The germination temperature of morning glory seeds is 20-30℃. They are usually sown in late April and early May (it can be earlier in the south). They are sown in rows according to varieties in fine sandy soil seedbeds. They germinate in about 10 days when the humidity is moderate. In about 10 days, the cotyledons will fully open. When the true leaves have just sprouted, they should be transplanted into small pots. If the seedlings are weak too early and the roots are damaged too late, it will not be conducive to future development. Small pots should be marked and the species indicated.

2． Planting: After the seedlings in the small pot grow two or three true leaves, and the root system has developed well, they can be planted in the medium pot, and base fertilizer should be added in advance. As Mr. Mei said, morning glory is not afraid of heavy fertilizer. Horseshoe, cooked hemp residue, etc. can be used as base fertilizer. The root development of morning glory requires temperature. According to Japanese researchers, black pots absorb heat better than red pots. It is necessary to repot frequently to ensure even sunlight exposure and complete root system development.

3． Topping: After the morning glory's true leaves grow three or four, vines begin to grow in the center, and they should be removed at this time. After the first picking, branches and vines will grow between the leaf axils. After the branches and vines have produced three or four leaves, they will be picked again and combined with shaping. Top dressing should be applied after each topping. The fertilizer used is similar to that used for chrysanthemums. Be careful not to let fertilizer, water and mud contaminate the leaves (including cotyledons) to prevent the leaves from falling off. After the branches and vines grow, they enter the flowering stage (usually one month after planting). The ideal situation is that the first leaf of the branches and vines has axillary buds, and the second and third leaves have flower buds in the axils. After the flower buds are formed, the stipules of the flower buds can be removed to facilitate the development of the flower buds. In order to ensure that nutrients are fully supplied to the buds to produce large and showy flowers, you can also remove some buds and cultivate individual flowers, just like cultivating chrysanthemums. After blooming, the remaining flowers should be removed to prevent them from growing seeds, so as not to affect the nutrition of the next batch of flowers. Of course, after three or four batches of flowers bloom, the axillary buds will become dense and difficult to control. General varieties can be planted in the ground, while fine varieties are prepared to be planted as seeds.

4. Save seeds: For good varieties, you must save seeds. When mature in autumn, take out the seeds, classify them, label them and save them. If variants appear, more care should be taken to preserve them. For morning glory hybridization, after selecting the female and male parents, cut off the upper end of the buds at dusk the day before they bloom, then remove the stamens and wrap them in wax paper bags. Remove the wax paper bag early the next morning, use the stamens of the male parent for artificial pollination, and then wrap it with a wax paper bag. The wax paper bag can be removed after a week or two, but the pollinated daughter bags must be marked and recorded. The following year, all the seeds from the cross should be planted and the results will be observed after flowering, so that the effects of various genetic factors can be studied.

Experienced morning glory lovers can distinguish the good and bad ones based on the shape of the cotyledons, so that inferior varieties can be removed early. They can also estimate the flower color based on the color of the young stems, such as white and blue for white flowers, dark purple for purple flowers, etc. The cotyledons are in different shapes, the true leaves are in different shapes, and the flowers are also in different shapes.