1, graphite is an allotrope of elemental carbon, and the periphery of each carbon atom is connected with three other carbon atoms (arranged in a honeycomb hexagon) to form a valence molecule of * * *. Since each carbon atom emits an electron, these electrons can move freely, so graphite belongs to a conductor. Graphite can be divided into natural graphite and artificial graphite.

Natural graphite ore can be divided into soil graphite and flake graphite, of which flake graphite is a better natural graphite. Artificial graphite refers to the graphite material obtained by deep processing of carbon materials belonging to amorphous carbon classification, which improves the purity of carbon and further increases the proportion of graphite crystal structure. Like carbon materials, graphite materials can be made into industrial products such as electrodes and refractories.

But because of its more excellent characteristics, it has been applied in many high-end fields. Such as high temperature resistant lubricant, coating modification of battery materials, etc.

2. Carbon is a nonmetallic element, which is located in the second periodic group IVA of the periodic table. Latin is Carbonium, which means "coal, charcoal". Carbon is a very common element, which exists widely in the atmosphere, crust and living things in various forms. The understanding and utilization of simple carbon has a long history, and a series of compounds of carbon-organic matter are the basis of life.

Amorphous carbon generally refers to charcoal, coke, bone charcoal, sugar charcoal, activated carbon and carbon black. Except the carbon content of bone charcoal is about 10%, the other main components are elemental carbon. Coal is a naturally occurring amorphous carbon, which contains some compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen. The so-called amorphous carbon does not refer to the shape of these substances, but to their internal structure.

In fact, their internal structure is not really amorphous, but crystals similar to graphite structure, but the layered structure formed by hexagonal torus of carbon atoms is chaotic, with defects in crystal formation, fine grains and a small amount of impurities.

Most amorphous carbon is molecular fragments of graphite layered structure, which are roughly parallel to each other and irregularly stacked together, which can be called random layered structure for short. Layers or fragments are bonded by carbon atoms in the form of tetrahedron to form a diamond structure. When the proportion of carbon atoms in this tetrahedron is large, amorphous carbon will be hard, such as coke and glassy carbon.

Second, the nature and characteristics are different.

1, graphite: the chemical properties of elemental carbon are relatively stable at room temperature and insoluble in water, dilute acid, dilute alkali and organic solvents; React with oxygen at high temperature and burn to produce carbon dioxide or carbon monoxide. In addition, recent studies have found that graphite can be dissolved by chlorosulfonic acid to form a chlorosulfonic acid "solution" of single-layer graphene.

2. Only fluorine in halogen can react directly with elemental carbon; Under heating, elemental carbon is easily oxidized by acid; At high temperature, carbon can also react with many metals to form metal carbides. Carbon is reducible and can be used to smelt metal at high temperature.

Third, the application is different.

1, carbon: carbon is indispensable to all known living systems, and life cannot exist without carbon. Besides food and wood, the main economic uses of carbon are hydrocarbons (most obviously oil and natural gas). The petrochemical industry fractionates crude oil in refineries to produce other commodities, including gasoline and kerosene.

2. Graphite has good chemical stability. Specially treated graphite has the characteristics of corrosion resistance, good thermal conductivity and low permeability, so it is widely used to make heat exchangers, reaction tanks, condensers, combustion towers, absorption towers, coolers, heaters, filters and pumps.

Widely used in petrochemical industry, hydrometallurgy, acid-base production, synthetic fiber, paper making and other industrial sectors, which can save a lot of metal materials.

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