Because grapevines are vines, their branches are soft and cannot stand upright, and their berries are susceptible to diseases. There are certain differences in pruning compared with other fruit trees. Based on these characteristics, here are some issues that need to be paid attention to in pruning practice, as summary tips for pruners to refer to.

1. When pruning in winter, you should pay attention to the safe pruning period and leave protective piles. Approximately 20 days before budding in early spring is the "injury period". Pruning at this time is not good for the tree and should be avoided as much as possible. The tissue of grape branches and vines is relatively soft, and the loss of water from the wound after cutting will have a greater impact on the cut buds. Therefore, it is necessary to leave a 3 to 5 cm protective stake above the cut buds when cutting. For varieties with short internodes and areas with stem pith pests, the cutting can be done at the node before the cutting bud. When thinning branches, you also need to leave a 1 to 2 cm protective stake at the base. After the stump dries up, cut it off completely from the base.

2. After the backbone extension vines are put on the shelf and tied, pay attention to the direction of the cut buds being in an upward direction to ensure the growth advantage of the new shoots after they germinate. If it happens to be in the lower position, you can consider whether it is necessary to select a better direction in the lower position and adjust the head after sprouting based on its development prospects.

3. When pruning grapes, attention should be paid to the matching and coordination between the variety, rack type, tree shape and pruning method. The varieties are divided into three categories: strong, medium, and weak growth potential; strong, medium, and low flowering and fruiting abilities at the base of the branches and vines; the frame types include hedges, scaffoldings, and column frames; the tree shapes include fan-shaped, and dragon trunk There are three categories: short-tip pruning, mid-tip pruning and long-tip pruning. How to combine these four to achieve the ideal effect is a relatively complex issue. Each region needs to make a decision after comprehensive consideration and weighing the pros and cons based on climate conditions, soil, fertilizer and water management levels, product uses and economic conditions. Generally speaking, for varieties with strong growth and poor bud eyes at the base of branches and vines, the methods of matching hedges, fan-shaped and mid-to-long shoot pruning are more commonly used. For varieties with medium growth and strong bud eyes at the base of branches and vines that can form flowers and bear fruit, the methods of scaffolding, dragon trunk shape and medium and short shoot pruning are more commonly used. Of course, there are many other cooperation methods and experiences, and I hope they can all be successfully applied and summarized in the practice of pruning.

4. Pay attention to using pruning to prevent and control certain diseases and insect pests. Generally speaking, in areas where grape white rot and downy mildew occur more seriously, the shelves should be raised appropriately. In areas where anthracnose, black rot and powdery mildew occur more seriously, the ventilation and light transmission conditions of the summer shearing cage surface should be strengthened. In areas where water tank disease occurs more seriously, the number of fruiting vines and ears should be appropriately reduced. It can also be combined with winter and summer pruning to promptly remove branches, vines and leaves carrying diseases and insect pests.

5. Pay attention to the "blind eyes" caused by improper pruning on branches and vines. "Blindness" refers to a decline phenomenon in which the buds on perennial branches and vines die midway due to poor development quality and are no longer able to sprout new shoots. During the reshaping process of saplings, if the leggy branches and vines with insufficient nutrition and insufficient tissue are cut back too long as backbone vines, and at the same time, too many new shoots are removed from the latent buds on them during summer pruning, it will be easy to cause the problem. Causing "blindness". Therefore, selecting strong vines with full buds and cutting them appropriately to cultivate backbone vines will help prevent the occurrence of "blindness".

As for the high-tech pruning technologies that have emerged in recent years abroad, such as "height, width and vertical shaping", "multiple results a year" and "axis cutting, fixed grain and whole ear", the following is the fourth Part of the "Plastic Trimming Experience and High-tech" content is introduced in detail in the second section of Chapter 3.