Hormonal changes in the body can lead to melanin deposition in the skin, leading to skin pigmentation (such as Addison's disease, pregnancy or oral contraceptives). Skin pigmentation can also be caused by the deposition of iron and silver in skin tissues, such as hemochromatosis and silvery disease. Long-term (several years) use of hydroquinone occasionally causes brownish yellow diseases. Sunlight can also promote skin pigmentation.
I. Introduction to Pigmentation
Skin pigmentation can be divided into chloasma, pregnancy spot, butterfly spot, senile spot, coffee spot and freckle according to types, which is a common multiple skin disease. The main causes of skin pigmentation are endocrine disorders, weakened metabolic function, dry skin, aging, sun exposure, ultraviolet radiation, lack of sleep, physical fatigue and so on. With the increase of age, the number of spots increases, which seriously affects people's facial beauty and brings psychological pressure of aging, thus affecting the quality of life. At present, there are many freckle-removing and whitening products on the market, but the freckle-removing effect is very few. Some also added "organic mercury" to improve the curative effect. "Mercury" is toxic to human body and is a prohibited substance in cosmetics. Long-term use of mercury-containing products will lead to chronic skin poisoning. The Hygienic Standard for Cosmetics of the Ministry of Health stipulates that the content of "mercury" in products should be less than 1me/ke.
Second, the classification of pigmentation
Pigmentation is the change of different colors, different ranges and different shades of human skin due to various reasons. As far as human skin is concerned, there are two kinds of pigments:
One is the pigment produced by the human body itself, such as melanin produced by melanocytes existing in the skin. Because of the different shades of melanin, it presents different colors: the epidermis is black or brown, the superficial dermis is gray-blue, and the deep dermis is cyan. Endogenous pigments include lipid pigments and bile pigments.
The other is exogenous pigments (such as carotene), drugs (such as adipine can cause yellow skin dyeing) and so on. ), heavy metals (such as arsenic, bismuth, silver and other pigmentation) and foreign bodies, such as tattoos on the skin, sediment, iron slag, cinder and other pigmentation.
The treatment of skin pigmentation should naturally be treated from two aspects, one is the etiology treatment, and the other is the local symptomatic treatment. The latter is to remove local pigment by physical or chemical methods. From the above etiological analysis of pigmentation, it is not difficult to see that the causes of hereditary and neoplastic diseases are clear, and are less affected by internal factors, and local treatment can achieve satisfactory results. Common diseases include pigmented nevus, spotted nevus, blue nevus, Ota nevus, Eton nevus, pigmented hairy epidermal nevus, coffee spots, freckles and senile plaques.
Third, the clinical symptoms of pigmentation
① Endocrine diseases: due to excessive melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), such as Addison's disease, Cushing's disease, Nelson's syndrome, ovarian tumor, malignant pheochromocytoma and long-term treatment with ACTH. During pregnancy, skin pigmentation is more common when estrogen and contraceptives containing estrogen are used.
② Metabolic diseases: such as hemochromatosis, porphyria with photosensitive dermatitis, hepatolenticular degeneration, skin amyloidosis, Gaucher's disease and other symptoms of melanosis.
3, nutritional diseases: Melanosis will have vitamin A deficiency, vitamin B 12, vitamin C, folic acid, niacin and other deficiencies, malabsorption syndrome.
④ Chronic infection: such as malaria, kala-azar and schistosomiasis.
⑤ Tumors: seen in tumors that produce ectopic ACTH and MSH, such as lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, advanced malignant melanoma and advanced cancer cachexia. Melanosis is occasionally seen in Hodgkin's disease, lymphosarcoma and chronic lymphoblastic leukemia.
⑥ Connective tissue diseases: It can be seen in rheumatoid arthritis, Still's disease, generalized scleroderma, dermatomyositis and systemic lupus erythematosus.
⑦. Drug-induced melanosis: seen in long-term use of chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine, chlorpromazine, busulfan, nitrogen mustard, cyclophosphamide, arsenic, bismuth, lead, etc.
8. Skin diseases with melanosis: acute and chronic skin infections, acanthosis nigricans, Lille melanosis, tar melanosis and reticular pigmented skin heterochromia.
9. Others: Melanosis such as chronic liver disease, liver cirrhosis, chronic renal insufficiency and Whipple's disease.
Fourth, the treatment situation
The treatment of skin pigmentation should naturally start from two aspects, one is the treatment of the cause, and the other is the local symptomatic treatment. The latter is to remove local pigment by physical or chemical methods. From the above etiological analysis of pigmentation, it is not difficult to see that the causes of hereditary and neoplastic diseases are clear, and are less affected by internal factors, and local treatment can achieve satisfactory results. Common diseases include pigmented nevus, spotted nevus, blue nevus, Ota nevus, Eton nevus, pigmented hairy epidermal nevus, coffee spots, freckles and senile plaques.
Five, the treatment method
1, regularly maintain with non-irritating skin care products.
2. For spots with deep pigment and small area, black therapy (that is, drug spot therapy or laser spot therapy) can be used first, and then some drugs that can control melanin formation and accelerate cell metabolism can be used. )
3. In the course of treatment, we must pay attention to isolating the stimulus source and internal adjustment and external treatment.
The spots caused by internal factors include chloasma, senile spots and blackheads. The treatment method is the same as above, but the dosage can be increased and the course of treatment can be prolonged as appropriate, and oral Liermei quban capsule is the main conditioning method. Although "skin changing" is popular in many beauty salons in today's society, that is, peeling the skin epidermis, it is not a good way to solve the color spots. Because when skin cells lose their immune function, the human body will secrete a large number of dark spots to protect the damaged cells, and a large number of cell epidermis will destroy the immunity of cells and make the spots more serious, so it is not desirable.
4, liquid ammonia spray freezing treatment, suitable for freckles and large spots. Generally, after cryotherapy or ion therapy, freckles will form a thin purple scab within 48 hours, and the thin scab will fall off on its own in 7~ 14 days, and the spots will disappear. This method requires skilled surgeons, and the curative effect is ideal. The effective rate is above 95%, and the cost is not high.
5. Use ion therapy machine or spot scanner to cauterize the reputation spot, and another method is to treat freckles with grinding beauty. Suitable for people with white skin, dense freckles and large area. Because the spots of the famous spots are shallow, gently grinding off the epidermis during polishing can destroy the melanocytes in the basal layer of the epidermis, thus playing an ideal therapeutic role.
6. With the development of plastic surgery, drug shedding came into being. Generally, phenol preparations are used for facial freckles. After the liquid medicine acts on the skin freckles, it will produce a layer of scab skin. About 5~7 days, the fool's skin will fall off and freckles will be eliminated. This method is painless, simple and effective, and can also remove fine wrinkles and uneven scars on the face, making the facial skin rosy and plump.
7. Laser treatment of pigmentation:
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2. Rubidium Jacques laser
3. Emerald laser
The principle of laser treatment of pigmentation;
The absorbed light energy is transformed into shock wave pulse and cavity formation through thermal expansion, which breaks the pigment cells into small fragments of 10- 1%, stimulates phagocytes to swallow the small fragments and transfer them to the intradermal space, which is eliminated by lymphatic clearance, and some of them fall off through epidermal scabbing, thus improving color characterization.
Prevention scheme of intransitive verbs
1, you can start from the inside of the body to prevent facial spots, and you can eat more fruits and vegetables containing vitamin C, because vitamin C can not only inhibit the production of melanin, but also have redox effect. A large amount of vitamin C can gradually reduce dark oxidized pigments to light or even colorless States. Foods rich in vitamin C include litchi, longan, walnut, watermelon, honey, pear, jujube, leek, spinach, orange, radish, lotus root, wax gourd, tomato, green onion, persimmon, loofah, banana, celery and cucumber. Vitamin e also has redox effect. Cabbage, carrots, eggplant, rapeseed oil, sunflower oil and chicken liver are all rich in vitamin E. ..
2, pay attention to diet, vegetables containing highly sensitive substances, such as celery, carrots, parsley and so on. It is best to eat at dinner. After eating, it is not advisable to move under strong light to avoid melanin deposition.
3. Try to be "insulated" in life. Take a sun umbrella and a sun hat when you go out in summer. Wash your face and arms after meals, and pay special attention to the parts splashed by hot oil. Hot oil is easy to cause permanent chloasma, which is especially important for middle-aged and elderly people. It should be washed with cold water immediately. When you go to the beauty salon to steam your face, you should pay attention to the fact that the time should not be too long, and it should be timely and sufficient, because thermal stimulation is the main cause of melanin production.
4, women with many facial spots, pay special attention to maintenance during menstruation. In the meantime, eat more foods that help to expel blood stasis in the uterus, help the uterus function normally, and increase blood, so as not to increase the burden on the liver and spots on the skin.
5, pay attention to facial cleaning and maintenance, you can apply some whitening efficacy types of stock solution, essence and so on after cleansing.
5, choose the right skin care products, do not use inferior cosmetics, because it contains pigment preservatives, which can be mixed with sweat, invade the inner layer of the skin, and accelerate the production of facial spots.
6, to ensure adequate sleep every day, fatigue will lead to skin tension and fatigue, blood acidification, slow metabolism, then the skin can not get enough nutrition; The stratum corneum dulls the skin because of lack of water.
Seven, laser therapy
The principle of pigment laser in treating melanosis: the light emitted by laser irradiation on the skin will be absorbed by melanin particles, and then the laser will generate high energy to crush the melanin particles, and then the pigment fragments will be discharged from the body with various cycles of the human body, thus achieving the purpose of removal.
Experts pointed out that the laser will not cause any harm to the skin. Laser penetrates the skin and directly acts on pigmentation, resulting in thermal effect to make it die, thus diluting the spots on the face. However, laser treatment of melanosis takes a certain time, about ten days, before the pigment fragments can be completely excreted and a clean face can be seen. Therefore, we need to wait patiently.
Eight, Chinese medicine to get rid of skin pigmentation
Three methods of removing pigment from traditional Chinese medicine
Prescription 1
Ingredients: Radix Angelicae Dahuricae, Poria, Radix Angelicae Sinensis, Carthami Flos, Tribulus terrestris, Solanum nigrum, etc.
Usage: grind the medicine into fine powder, take appropriate amount, add honey to make paste, and apply it externally to the affected area. 1~ twice a week, 4 times as a course of treatment.
Prescription 2
Composition: 3 grams of pearl powder, 3 grams of angelica dahurica, 3 grams of asarum, 1 carrot, milk powder and honey.
Usage: grind the traditional Chinese medicine into powder and mix it evenly. Wash carrots, cut into pieces and break them with a blender. Mix all the ingredients evenly, make a paste and apply it to your face. /kloc-Wash off after 0/5 ~ 20 minutes.
Prescription 3
Composition: fresh eggplant 1.
Usage: Wash and slice eggplant. Gently wipe the spotted part with eggplant meat, and then change another piece after the eggplant meat is dried until the affected part is red and hot.
Nine, fruit removes skin pigmentation.
1, tomatoes can freckle and whiten.
Tomatoes-balance skin pH, remove spots and whiten skin.
Tomatoes are rich in nutrients and low in calories. Many models rely on tomatoes to keep fit. Its rich acidic juice can help you balance the PH value of your skin. For people with dark and rough skin, you can apply tomato juice to your face, stay for about 15 minutes, and then wash it with water, which is very helpful to remove dead skin on your face. Tomatoes are also vegetables rich in vitamin C. Mix a little honey in tomato juice and rub it on your face. 10 minutes later, clean. Stick to freckle and whitening every day.
2. Strawberries can whiten and moisturize.
Strawberry-whitening and moisturizing
Strawberry is a kind of berry, the sugar content is as high as 6%- 10%, and it contains a variety of fruit acids, vitamins and minerals, which can enhance skin elasticity, whiten and moisturize. In addition, strawberries are more suitable for oily skin and have the effect of removing oil and cleaning skin. Squeezed strawberry juice can be applied to the face as a beauty product. Nowadays, many clean and nutritious masks also add strawberry ingredients, such as rare strawberry polyphenol factor, which has a good effect on acne. Regular use of strawberries for beauty can make the skin fresh and smooth and avoid pigmentation. Strawberries are also rich in vitamin A and potassium, which is very beneficial to the health of hair. Drinking a cup of strawberry juice before going to bed can also relax the nerves and is good for treating insomnia.
3, pineapple can dilute facial spots.
Pineapple lightens facial spots
Pineapple is a tropical fruit. Its rich vitamins can not only fade facial spots, make skin moist and transparent, but also effectively exfoliate, promote skin metabolism and make skin healthy. People with darker skin color can be wiped with gauze soaked in pineapple juice, which can whiten and rejuvenate the skin for a long time. Adding a little pineapple juice to the bath water can moisturize the skin, especially for people with rough skin. In addition, pineapple also contains a substance called pineapple enzyme, which can effectively remove dirt on the surface of teeth and make your teeth as white as jade.
Eating apples often can lighten facial freckles and chloasma.
Apples-Eating apples often can lighten facial freckles and chloasma.
Apple is rich in nutrition, which is a widely used natural beauty product and is regarded as a beauty sacred product by many beauty lovers. Apple contains 0.3% protein, 0.4% fat, 0.9% crude fiber, various minerals and aromatic alcohol. It contains a lot of water and various moisturizing factors that can moisturize the skin. Vitamin C can inhibit the deposition of melanin in the skin, and eating apples often can make it C. In addition, the rich fruit acids in apples can make pores smooth and have the effect of acne. In addition, apple is mild in nature and can be used as a natural mask or slice coating. For oily skin, mash 1/3 apples, apply them on your face for 15 minutes, and then wash your face with cold water, which can soften the stratum corneum and balance oil secretion.
5. The fruit acid contained in cherry can promote the formation of stratum corneum.
Cherry-the fruit acid contained in it can also promote the formation of stratum corneum. Cherry is a fruit rich in iron and carotene. It is very nutritious and can replenish blood and kidney for people with deficiency of both qi and blood. Eating 200-300g before meals can regulate gastrointestinal function, which is very beneficial to people with poor digestive function. The rich vitamin C in cherries can moisturize and whiten the skin and effectively resist the formation of melanin. In addition, the fruit acid contained in cherry can also promote the formation of stratum corneum.
6. Lemon can whiten and resist aging.
Lemon whitening and anti-aging
Lemon is a beauty product in fruits, rich in vitamin C and calcium, and used as raw materials for cosmetics and skin care products. Its main beauty effects are: whitening and cleaning skin, removing spots, firming skin, moistening skin, eliminating fatigue and resisting skin aging. For people with more dandruff, you can massage the scalp with lemon juice mixed with olive oil and rinse it off after half an hour. The effect is very good. In addition, lemon also contains a lot of fruit acids, which can soften the stratum corneum, remove dead skin and promote skin metabolism. Take a teaspoon of lemon juice, mix a teaspoon of yogurt and a teaspoon of honey, gently rub on knees, elbows and heels for about 10 minutes, and then rinse with warm water. Long-term persistence can make the skin soft and shiny.
7. Grapes can resist oxidation
Grape antioxidant
Grape seed is the most effective skin care among grapes. Grape seed has super antioxidant capacity, which is 50 times that of vitamin E. It can delay aging, keep skin healthy, prevent ultraviolet rays from invading the skin and prevent arteriosclerosis. Also known as skin vitamin, it is 20 times as much as vitamin C, among which phenolic anthocyanin has whitening effect according to its fat-soluble and water-soluble characteristics. In Europe, grape seed is called "oral skin cosmetics".
8. Kiwifruit can eliminate freckles and acne.
Kiwifruit-Eliminate freckles and acne
Kiwi, also known as kiwi fruit, has an average vitamin C content of 95.7 mg per catty and is known as the king of fruits. Vitamin C and vitamin E contained in it can not only beautify the skin, but also have antioxidant effect, which can effectively whiten the skin, eliminate freckles and acne, and enhance the anti-aging ability of the skin. In addition, kiwifruit also contains a lot of soluble fiber, with an average of 2.6 grams of fiber per catty, which can promote carbohydrate metabolism, help digestion and prevent constipation. In addition, kiwifruit is also rich in minerals, which can form a thin film on the hair surface, which not only protects the hair from dirty air pollution, but also makes the hair more abundant and moist. If you can insist on drinking a glass of kiwi fruit juice every day, it will be very good for hair growth.
9. Oranges can enhance skin elasticity.
Oranges-enhance skin elasticity and smooth facial fine lines.
Oranges are a kind of fruit that people are very familiar with. Because it is rich in fruit acid and vitamins, it is widely used in skin care products and cosmetics, especially in orange peel. Therefore, in many areas, people drink orange peel in water to get a lot of vitamin C. In addition, the organic acids contained in oranges can also enhance skin elasticity, and wiping the face with orange peel every day can smooth the fine lines on the face.
10, peaches can prevent pigmentation.
Peaches-prevent pigmentation and wrinkles.
Peach is a sweet and delicious fruit, which many people like to eat. Its rich fruit acid has moisturizing effect, and can also remove dirt in pores and prevent pigmentation, prevent wrinkles. In addition, peaches also contain a lot of vitamins B and C, which promote blood circulation and make facial skin healthy and ruddy. For rough skin, you can rub and massage the washed face with peach slices, and then wash it. This method helps to keep the skin smooth and tender. In addition, adding a little peach juice to the bath water is also a good way to maintain the skin.