(Mellon Financial Group)
One of the top ten American consortia is a monopoly capital group with Mellon family as the center and finance as the starting point. T Mellon, the founder, founded Thomas Mellon & Son Bank on 1869, which developed rapidly. Renaming Mellon National Bank from 65438 to 0902 is the financial pillar on which Mellon Consortium started. Taking this as a starting point, it gradually merged with industrial capital, and the consortium gradually formed. In addition to Mellon National Bank, financial institutions controlled by Mellon Consortium include Pittsburgh National Bank and General Reinsurance Company. For a long time, Mellon consortium controlled the bank capital and industrial capital of Pittsburgh through these financial institutions.
Among the industrial and mining enterprises controlled by Mellon consortium, Alcoa is the oldest. Its predecessor was Pittsburgh Smelting Company, controlled by Mellon & Son Bank, 1890. Since 19 10, Alcoa has been monopolizing the production of aluminum in the United States and is one of the industrial pillars of Mellon consortium. Another important industrial pillar is the Gulf Oil Company. It is one of the largest oil monopolies in the United States, and its main business includes oil exploration, refining, transportation and sales. Since 1980s, it has expanded the petrochemical industry and ethylene production capacity, ranking third among American chemical companies. Mellon consortium also occupies a certain position in the production of steel industry, including Armco Steel Company (controlled by Rockefeller Financial Group and Cleveland Consortium), National Steel Company (controlled by Cleveland Consortium), Wheeling-Pittsburgh Steel Company and Allegheny-Leder Haomei Industrial Company. In addition, the consortium also owns Westinghouse Electric Company (controlled by Rockefeller Financial Group), Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company (controlled by Rockefeller, Chicago and Cleveland Consortium) and Rockwell International Company. Rockwell is not infiltrated by any consortium, and specializes in designing and manufacturing aircraft, missiles and rockets. It has been the main contractor of the Pentagon and NASA for a long time, and has made huge profits.
Cleveland consortium
(Cleveland Financial Group)
One of the top ten American consortia, named after Cleveland.
/kloc-In the second half of the 9th century, several wealthy families in Cleveland mainly included Mather, Hannah, Humphrey, Eaton, etc. Use the rich local coal and iron resources to establish the iron and steel industry, gain huge profits, then invest in the banking industry and develop into the rubber industry and railway transportation. After World War I, it met the requirements of consortia, with assets of 1935 USD, making it the eighth largest consortium in the United States at that time. During the Second World War, it gained further development, and its assets increased to $65,438+0,955, making it the sixth largest consortium in the United States. In the 1960s, due to the limitation of the consortium's location, its strength declined.
The economic strength of Cleveland Consortium is mainly in steel, rubber, railway transportation and other departments, and it has a certain position in American basic industries. The steel industry is the main interest of the consortium, which controls four of the largest 65,438+00 steel companies in the United States, namely * * and Steel Company, Lex Youngston Company, Armco Steel Company (with Mellon Consortium and Rockefeller Financial Group * * *) and National Steel Company (with Mellon Consortium * * *). Cleveland consortium also has important interests in American rubber industry. Goodyear Tire Rubber Company and Firestone Tire Rubber Company, the two largest rubber companies in the United States, are jointly controlled by Cleveland and other consortia. The financial capital of Cleveland Consortium is weak, and its five financial institutions, including Cleveland Trust Company, have limited strength, so they have to rely on the financial institutions of the Eastern Consortium, especially Morgan Consortium, to raise funds.
Chicago consortium
(Chicago Financial Group)
One of the top ten consortia in the United States is a consortium in the Midwest of the United States. At the beginning of the 20th century, it was composed of the local rich families McCormick family, Wood family and the emerging Krone family, named after the Chicago area as the activity center.
Chicago has a suitable climate, abundant rainfall and fertile land, which is suitable for developing agriculture and animal husbandry. It has long been an important grain and livestock producing area in the United States. The development of agriculture and animal husbandry, followed by the development of meat processing and agricultural machinery industry, soon made Chicago an industrial and commercial center and financial center second only to new york. These wealthy families banded together to form a monopoly consortium. 1935 assets of $4.3 billion, ranking fourth among the eight American consortia at that time.
The financial strength of Chicago consortium is relatively strong, and there are five major banks: Continental Illinois Company, First Chicago Company, Harris Bank Company, Northern Trust Company and Bank of America Company. In addition, there are two insurance companies: CNA Financial Company and National Insurance Company. In recent years, the Chicago consortium has been squeezed out by the Wall Street consortium, and its financial strength is not as good as before. Continental Illinois Company has been infiltrated by Morgan Consortium and become a company controlled by two consortiums. The First Chicago Company is controlled by Rockefeller Financial Group, and the Chicago consortium actually belongs to these two consortia.
The industrial fields controlled by Chicago consortium are mainly agricultural products processing industry, traditional agricultural machinery manufacturing industry and business aimed at agricultural areas. In the agricultural products processing industry, it controls 12 meat processing enterprises, among which Esmark Company and United Food Company are the larger ones. In terms of agricultural machinery, it owns International Harvester Company, Crawler Tractor Company (controlled by two consortia in Rockefeller Financial Group) and Deere Company. Tractors produced by these three agricultural machinery companies account for 60% of the national tractor sales market. After World War II, the expansion of Chicago consortium in the oil industry attracted attention. It has invested heavily in Rockefeller Financial Group's Indiana Standard Oil Company and Texaco Company, and has an important personnel portfolio.
The Chicago consortium plays an important role in business. It owns huge commercial retail companies such as Sears-Lubak Company, United Department Store, Jewelry Store and Marshall Field Company. Sears-Lubak Company was established in 1866. At the beginning of the 20th century, its mail-order business achieved great development, with retail stores and supply points all over the United States. 1982, the company's assets increased by $36.6 billion, and its annual sales reached $30 billion, ranking first among American department stores.
California financial group
(California Financial Group)
One of the top ten American consortia. After the Second World War, emerging consortia include Bank of America Group, San Francisco Group and Los Angeles Group. During the Second World War, the economic strength of these three groups increased sharply with the rapid development of California's arms industry, especially the growth rate of financial capital was particularly alarming, forming a large consortium with Bank of America as its financial center. 1974 assets 167 1 billion dollars, ranking third among the top ten consortia in the United States, and playing a major role in American political and economic life. It and the southern consortium form a new force of the arms industry group and become a force to compete with the old consortium in Northeast China.
The financial capital of California consortium is extremely abundant, and its main commercial banks include Bank of America, Western Bank Company, Security Pacific Company, Wells Fargo Company and Crocker National Company in San Francisco.
Bank of America is the financial core of California consortium, and its predecessor is the Italian bank founded by A.P. Chianni, a descendant of Italian immigrants in the early 20th century. Due to its rapid business development, it became the largest bank in the western United States in the 1920s. In the early 1930s, it merged with the Bank of America in California and changed its name to Bank of America (full name of National Trust and Savings Bank of America). World War II brought it huge profits, surpassing Chase National Bank in new york at that time and becoming the largest commercial bank in the United States. Only the largest voting right of Bank of America has been controlled by Morgan Consortium and First Citibank Consortium, and the power of California Consortium in Bank of America is far less than before.
The industrial and mining enterprises controlled by the California consortium were mainly agriculture and mining before the Second World War. During and after World War II, because California has become the largest arms production base in the United States, industrial companies controlled by consortia mainly produce arms. Such as Lockheed Aircraft, Litton Industries and Northrop Corporation. These companies are among the top ten arms dealers and arms exporters in the United States. After the war, Lockheed Aircraft Company ranked first in the US Department of Defense's arms orders for a long time. However, the control of these arms production companies gradually fell into the hands of the eastern consortium, and the strength of the California consortium declined relatively.
Texas consortium
(Texas Financial Group)
One of the top ten American consortia. After World War II, a new consortium in Texas developed mainly by relying on the oil industry and the arms industry. Represented by the family founded by K.W. McKison, S. Richardson, H.L. Hunter, J. Braun and J.A. Elkins.
The bank capital of Texas consortium is relatively weak. Although it has four banks and three insurance companies, it has not formed a strong financial center. The four banks are: Dallas First National Bank, Houston First City National Bank, Dallas National Bank and Texas Commercial Bank. The industrial and mining enterprises controlled by the Texas consortium are the largest in Houston. Originally the largest oil and gas pipeline transportation company in the United States, it has now developed into a diversified comprehensive company. Due to the infiltration of Rockefeller Financial Group, it has become a company controlled by two consortia. In the arms industry, the Texas consortium controls two famous companies. One is LTV Company (formerly Ilya-Temko-Water Company), whose founder is J.J. Lin, who is good at mergers. 1960 merged Temko Aircraft Manufacturing Company, and 196 1 merged water company (manufacturing aircraft and missiles). Diversified management began in the 1980s, but it still focused on manufacturing arms, with rich profits and rapid development. The other is Hughes Aircraft Company, which was established in 1933. Its business was initially limited to design and experimental manufacturing, and 1942 began commercial production, manufacturing spacecraft, reconnaissance cameras and various aircraft parts. In the first half of 1980s, the electronic control system and other electrical components produced by the company were in a leading position in the American aircraft manufacturing industry, so the company's business was booming and its turnover increased greatly. In addition, the Texas consortium also owns some companies that produce cutting-edge high-tech industrial products, such as Texas Instruments.