Now I use the identification of jadeite as an example!
First, the appearance characteristics:
1 color: various shades of green, white, light purple, black, yellow to deep red.
Color and morphology: common veins, irregular blocks, infection, etc. And pulse green is also called color root.
3 transparency: transparent to opaque
4 luster: glass to grease luster
Second, the structural characteristics
1 granular structure: "pea-shaped", granular, fine to coarse, and also fine.
2 orange peel effect: the different hardness of jadeite leads to pits with geometric boundaries, micro-depressions and consistent luster.
Emerald: It twinkles like the wings of an insect.
Third, the inclusion characteristics of jadeite.
1 white floc: white stone flower similar to reed flower.
Black spots: green spots around the central black.
3. It is wrong for Han people to tell lies.
Look at the above three points, after reading it, you won't identify jade! These three points just tell me a train of thought to identify the head of jewelry and jade, and know from which aspects to identify jewelry and jade.
Take the color of appearance features as an example. You need to know how many colors jade has, how the colors are formed, and what mineral elements it is related to. Jade has six common colors: white, green, purple, black, yellow and red. What is the primary color of jadeite? What is a primary color? White, green, purple, dark green (dark green) and gray-black are the primary colors; Primary colors are the colors caused by jadeite primary minerals. Primary minerals include jadeite, amphibole, omphacite, cristobalite, albite and chromite. What is the relationship between the primary colors of jadeite and the constituent minerals? Light green-Emerald is related to jadeite containing chromium; Some dark green oil-blue jadeites are related to omphacite or jadeite containing omphacite. Gray-black jadeite is related to alkaline amphibole, omphacite and sodium chromate. In recent years, we have studied the distribution law of green primary colors together. The formation period of green jadeite is later than that of white and purple jadeite, and the ore-bearing solution is easy to migrate along the structural cracks, micro-cracks and intergranular gaps of early jadeite ore bodies, forming veined, reticulated and disseminated green jadeite. The boundary between green and surrounding light-colored parts is sometimes clear and sometimes unclear, which is influenced by the texture of white jade and the nature of cracks. We are studying the characteristics of purple primary colors. Purple jadeite and white jadeite are formed at the same time or later, but they can be interspersed with green jadeite and purple jadeite earlier. The color is rich, generally distributed in sheets, and the boundary with white jade is blurred; Purple jadeites are mostly medium-thick columnar to long columnar structures, and some purple jadeites have giant grains.
There are primary colors, and of course there are secondary colors. The secondary colors are mainly khaki, reddish brown and brownish red, which can be divided into oxidized secondary colors and reduced secondary colors. Oxidation secondary color is the color formed by the decomposition or semi-decomposition of jadeite constituent minerals and the filling of various oxides between mineral particles. The main colors of reduced secondary colors are greenish brown, grayish green and grayish black, which means that jadeite is soaked in shallow groundwater on the surface, and various clays, colloids and oxides are filled between mineral particles, thus improving the transparency. Most oil-washed jadeites belong to this reason. The secondary color is distributed on the surface of jadeite gravel or along jadeite cracks.
How's it going? Are you dizzy when you just learn color, hehe! !
The identification of jewelry and jade depends on practice after learning the theory! Practice is the only criterion for testing truth.