Archaeological investigation
Lepenskiville lies on the Danube. It was discovered in A.D. 1960 by a group of Serbian archaeologists led by Dragoslav SleIovich. He made an important contribution to the discovery and excavation of this site. 136 houses and sacral buildings were discovered, dating back to BC. 9500/7200–C. In 5500 BC, the cause of the accident was the tide generated during the construction of Djerdap 1, a hydroelectric power plant 78 kilometers away from Lepenskiville. The first excavation started in 1965 was not optimistic. After staying at the scene for several months, archaeologists finally dug up the first batch of objects. At this moment, they understood that the excavation was of great historical and cultural significance not only to Serbia, but also to Europe and other regions.
The whole building in Lepenskiville has a specific shape, and all the houses are built according to the floor plan.
In A.D. 1967, it was about one year after the first batch of articles and cultural relics were discovered in Lepenskiville, and the public was officially informed of the excavation work, and the news spread all over the world. Scientists are convinced that what they have discovered is a new-but also an ancient-cultural trace, which may be an important supplement to European history. Researchers believe that 9500 BC to 7200 BC is the beginning of human settlement, followed by Lepenskiville culture. Srejovic put forward the explanation of occupational sequence in Lepenski Vir:
Status and significance
Lepenskiville is located in eastern Serbia, near East Milano Watts. The site is located in the Iron Gate Canyon on the right bank of the Danube River-called Gerdap in Serbian. Due to the stability of the terrain, the nearby rivers, the richness and beauty of the surrounding nature, and the extraordinary knowledge of people, the site has been inhabited for a long time. The most common food is fish, because the protruding rocks form a whirlpool, making it a suitable habitat for fish.
The shape and shadow of the surrounding hills and mountains, observing the convenient location of the "double sunrise" above Watts, tresca-the Romanian cliff, the opposite settlement-and the signs carved on the sculpture relics, the researchers think that perhaps the first instrument for measuring time is here-Lepenskivir in 6300/6200 BC.
As the settlement is stagnant and its residents are knowledgeable, there is no doubt that they will notice the regular process of "double sunrise". As researcher and architect pavlovic said:
The starting point of the calendar is the double sunrise on the cliff in Watts, tresca. From that day on, Leponia people observed how the dawn moved to the right, shortening the day, until the winter solstice of 12, 2 1, and the sun rose from the opposite top of Kukuyovo. Then the process moves in the opposite direction: the dawn moves to the left on the horizon until the summer solstice on April 2 1, when the sun rises from the top of Glavica, which is the third important point on the calendar.
(Quoted from Subasic)
This phenomenon has been tested and confirmed-that is, "double sunrise" probably existed more than 8000 years ago, just like now.
The Architecture and Planning of Lepenskiville
Lepenski Vir's multifunctional building structure-characterized by trapezoid-is used for residential, sacral, ritual, artistic and party purposes. In construction projects, Lepenians (residents of Lepenskivir) use sticks, ropes and other similar tools; Even the position of the shadow. In addition to their artistic skills and instinct to use space, the research conducted to explore these problems shows that Lepeni people have knowledge that people think ancient people do not have today. Pavlovic, an architect, explained that Lepinians must have rich knowledge about symmetry, geometry, right angles and even the golden ratio, which can be seen outside or even inside the building.
The ancestors were buried in the house, under the floor structure.
The whole building in Lepenskiville has a specific shape, and all the houses are built according to the floor plan. Trapezoidal in shape, the floor structure is made of some kind of gypsum-that is, limestone clay mixed with animal feces and ashes. Stone reinforcements support the roof, while smaller stones are placed around the fireplace near the entrance. Family fire is an important factor in the scene. It is not only used for heating, but also for protecting animals from harm. The embers were separated and covered with ashes until dawn, because they needed to make a fire again.
In the Neolithic Age, an oven was found in Lepenskiville-no obvious difference from what we use today. In fact, the building of the house looks like a stove. Archaeologists named it "House 49", which is located in the center of the settlement and built in the same way as the largest stove found in one of the houses. The area of the stove is the same as that of Room 49-about 1.5 square meters-which raises a question: How can Room 49 be a real house?
Pavlovic, who is also recognized as a Serbian cultural expert in Lepenskiville (besides being a professional architect), explained that this is a scale model to convey the idea of how to build other houses. In fact, all the houses in Lepenskiville are the same. Field researchers, including pavlovic, believe that Room 49 is a perfect "energy machine". They interpret it as a way of air circulation in a shell-shaped house, which provides a comfortable environment for its residents-also known as "thermal comfort" in architecture. Architect Pavlovic also insisted that Lepenski Vir was the first planned settlement in Europe because the indigenous people there had extraordinary creativity and knowledge.
Religious custom
An extraordinary fact about the religious customs of Leponia people was found on this website, especially their connection with death. When it comes to their ancestors and deburring practices, Leponia people have great respect. In fact, ancestors were buried in the house, under the floor structure. In the case of some tombs, there is obvious evidence that there is serious disturbance on the gypsum floor of the house, while for other tombs, there is no trace of such disturbance, which means that they are younger than the houses they involve. The small hall on the surface of the floor is considered as a way to communicate with ancestors. Since they are so close to death, maybe they are not afraid of death.
Some of the practices mentioned can now be recognized in different religions-such as the way to bury ancestors underground and the need to contact them in some way. Lepenians built a hall on the floor. Today, some practices are to commemorate the dead soul, such as lighting candles and praying.
Lepenskiville sculpture
The sculptures found during the excavation can be traced back to 6300 BC. 5900 BC-that is, from the settlement of Lepenskyville I to the end of Lepenskyville culture, they were found in all subsequent layers. Sculpture can be divided into two different configurations: simple geometric patterns and human or fish-shaped patterns. Many sculptures are kept in the house, even built in the porch, behind the house or in the floor structure near the fireplace. The latter may be the representative of the dead ancestors buried under the fireplace. As for the rest of the sculptures, they are like fish-as expected-because the diet of the settlements is rich in fish.
The most famous symbol is the ancestor -Praroditeljka-Lepenski Vir. Is the only person who fully represents the human body: humanoid head, clear neck shape, round body and no lower limbs; * * * Symbolic icon covering hands and female genitalia. The size of the sculpture is 5 1 x 39 cm.
Danubius is interpreted as a male figure, another sculpture, with a round lump, human facial expressions and no other parts of the body.
Rodonacelnik, the founder of this family, is an immortal portrait with supernatural dimensions. It is made of seasonal sandstone with red pigment coating around the neck and eyes. The size of this sculpture is 52×33 cm.
Adam's sculpture depicts the face and neck in detail with traces of dark gray pigment, without highlighting any other parts of the body, showing the image sculpture of a man. Its facial expression implies a young and powerful existence. The size of the sculpture is 23.2 x 16 cm.
Other extraordinary handicrafts, such as pottery, jewels, amulets, needles and shovels, are all made of bones, shells and stones. Many scientists have observed a prominent little mysterious object-a spherical stone from Lepenskiville. The earliest stone can be traced back to 4000 BC, and both sides were hollowed out: the upper side was about 6 mm and the lower side was 1.5 cm. The lines carved on the stone look like the meridians on the earth. The size of this sculpture is 4.5×3.8 cm.
Scientists in the United States, Germany, Italy, Russia and Serbia have different interpretations of spherical stones from Lepenski Vir. However, their conclusions are very similar: the object has archaeological and astronomical significance and may be related to the solar calendar.
Today's Leibinski virus
Today, scientists visited Lepenskiville, and they are still trying to find an explanation for the "puzzle" of Lepenskiville's globe and solar calendar. As a researcher of Serbian ancient religion and archaeoastronomy pointed out, the efforts made to create this object are enormous, which shows the importance of the information engraved on it. Unfortunately, this information has not been read.
Ongoing research explores the birth principle used by Lepenski Vir, and it is believed that some parts of the settlement have not yet been discovered. Handicrafts proving the creativity and knowledge of indigenous people are on display at the Lepenski Vir Museum in Watts, Lower Milano (Serbia) and the Lepenski Vir Collection in the Serbian National Museum in Belgrade (Serbia).