Jade industry is commonly known as "old pit glass species", which usually has glass luster, delicate texture, pure and flawless color, pure, bright and rich, and even emerald green; The metamorphic structure in the old pit is mainly composed of jadeite fibers, and the hard main grains are very fine, so it is extremely difficult to see "emerald" with the naked eye; Laokeng jadeite is translucent and transparent under the irradiation of light, which is the top grade or the best of jadeite.

2. Kethleen

The texture is similar to that of the old cellar species, colorless or less colored. The characteristics of ice species are that the outer surface is very shiny, translucent to transparent, clear as water, giving people the feeling of ice and jade. If there is a flocculent or intermittent blue color in ice jadeite, it is called "blue flower ice", which is a common variety in ice jadeite. Ice seed jade is often used to make bracelets or pendants. There is no obvious difference in value between colorless ice jade and "blue flower ice" jade, and its actual price mainly depends on people's preferences. The ice species is middle or high grade or middle grade jadeite.

3. Water species of jadeite

Its jade structure is slightly thicker than the old pit glass species, and its luster and transparency are also slightly lower than that of the old pit glass species, but it is similar or equivalent to the ice species. It is characterized by water permeability but soft luster. From the microscopic point of view of its internal structure, it can be seen that there are a small number of hidden ripples, or a small number of dark cracks and stone lines, and occasionally there are a very small number of impurities and cotton willows. Some experts say that water jadeite is a kind of old pit jadeite with light color or colorless and slightly poor quality. It is a kind of jadeite with upper-middle grade and occasionally upper grade.

There are four common cases of aquatic jadeite: colorless jadeite is called "clear water"; It has a light and uniform green color, which is called "green water"; It has a uniform and faint blue color, which is called "blue water"; It is light and even purple, which is called "purple water". The market prices are clear water and purple water, followed by green water and blue water.

4. Violet jade

This is a kind of purple jade, the color is like violet flower, and violet is also called "Toona sinensis" or "spring" in jewelry industry. "Generally colored" jade has different grades of high, medium and low. Violets are not necessarily valuable as long as they are. It is the top grade, and must be comprehensively evaluated in combination with quality indicators such as texture, transparency and process production level.

The purple on jadeite is generally not deep. According to the different shades of purple, the jadeite industry divides the purple in jadeite into pink purple, eggplant purple and blue purple. Pink purple is usually fine in texture and good in transparency, followed by eggplant purple and blue purple again.

When purple jadeite is observed under yellow light, it will appear that purple is darker than actual, so it is better to watch it under natural light. Consumers should pay attention to this. For the evaluation of this variety, the one with good transparency, fine and flawless structure and uniform pink and purple is the best; If purple is green on the bottom, it is elegant and should be top grade.

5. Jade on white background

Green on a white background is the characteristic of Bai Rushuang. Green is very bright on a white background, and white and green are very different. This variety of jadeite is easy to identify, and the green color is jade-like on a white background, with poor transparency, opacity or slight transparency; Jade pieces have fiber and fine grain mosaic structure, but the fine grain structure is the main structure; Observing under a microscope (magnification should be 30-40 times), there are common holes or uneven structures on its surface. This variety is mostly middle-grade jadeite, and a few are green and white, bright and beautiful, with good color shape and very harmonious color background, which can be classified as high-grade variety.

6. Huaqing Jade

The color (emerald green) is veined and extremely irregular; The texture is thick, thin and translucent. Its background color is light green or other colors, such as light gray or bean blue, and its structure is mainly fiber and fine to medium grain structure. Huaqing jadeite is characterized by uneven green, some dense, some sparse, and some deep and light colors. Another structure of Huaqing jadeite is that it is only granular and lacks a sense of water. Because of its rough structure, its transparency is often poor. Huaqing belongs to middle and low grade jadeite.

7. Hong Fei

Bright red or orange emeralds are easy to see in the market. The color of Hong Fei was formed after the formation of jadeite crystals, which was caused by hematite impregnation. The color of Hong Fei is usually bright red or crimson. Good Hong Fei is beautiful in color, glassy, transparent and translucent. Hong Fei products are often mid-range or low-grade goods, but there are also high-grade Hong Fei products, which are bright in color, delicate in texture, very beautiful, loved by people, auspicious in color and delicate in jade.

8. Yellow-brown flying

The jadeite whose color ranges from yellow to brownish yellow or brownish yellow, this series of jadeite products can be seen everywhere in the market. Their colors are also formed after the formation of jadeite crystals, often distributed on the red layer, which is caused by limonite impregnation. In the market, the value of Hong Fei is higher than that of yellow jadeite, while that of Huangfei is higher than that of brown jadeite, followed by brown jadeite. But there are also cases where the price is different from the routine because of people's love and unique jewelry.

9. Bean seed jade

The abbreviation of bean seed is a very common variety in the jade family. Its name is very vivid; The crystal particles of bean seeds are mostly short columns, which are arranged in jadeite like beans, and the interface of these crystals can be clearly seen by naked eyes. Because of the rough grain, the appearance of jade pieces is inevitably rough, and the luster and transparency are often poor, which is called "water drying" by the jade industry. Bean seeds belong to low-grade varieties in jadeite, and the price is not high. Bean seeds can be subdivided into coarse beans (particle size greater than 3mm), fine beans (particle size less than 3mm), sugar beans and ice beans.

In the old days, the business community called jadeite "thirty-six waters and seventy-two beans", which generally referred to a wide variety of jadeite.

10, hibiscus planting jade

Referred to as hibiscus species, this species of jadeite is generally light green, with no yellow tone, and the green color is relatively pure, and sometimes its background color is slightly pink. Its texture is finer than that of bean seeds, and the particle structure inside jadeite can be observed on a magnifying glass with a magnification of 10, but the boundaries of jadeite crystal particles are very blurred, and its surface is glassy and translucent between the old pit seeds and the fine bean seeds. Although its color is not strong, it is elegant. Although it is not thorough enough, it is not dry and attractive. It belongs to mid-range or mid-range jade, and the price is suitable in the market, so it is loved by working-class consumers and can be called a cheap variety.

1 1, Maya jade

Although its texture is fine, it is opaque and its surface is as shiny as porcelain. Most of the jadeite of horse teeth is green. Careful observation shows that the base is blue-white, with a trace of white stripes in green, and sometimes white cotton or dark green spots can be seen. Horse teeth are of low value in the current market and belong to mid-range goods. Most jades on the market are plate fingers, cigarette holders and hookahs.

12, lotus root powder planting jade

Its fine texture is like lotus root starch, and its color is light pink purple (light spring), which is a good raw material for making handicrafts. The structure of lotus root pollen is similar to that of Hibiscus. Under the magnifying glass of 10 times, jadeite particles can be seen, but they are finer than hibiscus species, and the particle interface is very fuzzy. Its characteristics are: jade pieces are as thin as lotus root powder, and light pink purple often coexists with emeralds to form a harmonious combination. Many jadeite pieces are often carved with lotus root starch.

13, wide film

It is characterized by dark green or dark green, rough texture and dry head. This jadeite is high green in transmitted light and dark green in reflected light. When sliced, it is gorgeous and gratifying. It was once popular in southern China, especially in Guangdong and Guangzhou, hence its name. Now, to be exact, "wide piece" is a processing method of jade piece. Its purpose is to skillfully use the relationship between thickness and color and transparency when dealing with jade materials with poor transparency and dark green color. When the jade material is cut and ground into thin slices of about 1mm in Chengdu, the dark color in the jade color is obviously weakened or even disappeared, while the green color becomes prominent and rich, and the transparency is greatly improved. After a good wide film is wrapped with precious metals such as platinum and white gold, it looks noble and not tacky, and it is expensive in the market. At present, wide film is commonly used to make hanging tags, chest pendants and other accessories, which are favored by white-collar workers and other consumers.

14, jadeite is planted in Cui Si.

This is a kind of jade with good texture and color, which belongs to middle and high grade jade in the market. Cui Si Fei Cui has good toughness, and the green color is arranged in parallel with filiform and ribbed stripes. There is a view that jadeite with veins and filiform green on the shallow bottom is collectively called Cui Si species, which I think is inappropriate. It's not necessarily that Cui Si species have filamentous green. The jadeite planted in Cui Si should have two characteristics at the same time: one is bright green, strip-shaped, with filaments arranged along the line and shallow bottom; Secondly, the directional structure is well developed, and the jadeite crystals are arranged in fine fibrous elongated orientation, which indicates that they are subjected to strong stress during the growth process, so the toughness of jade pieces is very high.

Emerald with bright green, thick stripes and a large proportion of stripe area in the total area is better. On the contrary, jade pieces with light green and sparse stripes are of low quality and much cheaper.

In the past books, all jadeites whose colors (green or yellow) are filiform and arranged in parallel with stripes and directional structures are called "golden seeds". The author thinks that separating "Golden Seed" from "Cui Si" will be better understood and more conducive to the identification, differentiation and appreciation of varieties. If a piece of jadeite has green and yellow filaments or ribs arranged in parallel, it can be called "golden jadeite species"-golden thread green silk jadeite.

15, golden seed

There are yellow and orange jadeites in the shallow bottom, which are striped and parallel with filaments, and have obvious directional structure development-except the color is different from that of Cui Si species, other characteristics are the same as that of Cui Si species.

16, sentient jade

Referred to as oil green species or oil immersion, it is a low-grade jadeite that can be seen everywhere in the market. It is often used to make pendants, bracelets and rings. The green color of oil green species is obviously impure, containing gray and blue components, so it is dim and not bright enough. Its crystal structure is mostly fibrous, relatively delicate, and its transparency is acceptable or even better. If its color is dark, it is also called "melon skin is oily green" in the jade industry.

17, Bashanyu

"Bashanyu" is produced in Sma area in northern Myanmar. The original stone is very opaque and rich in color, with lavender, light green, green or blue gray. It is a special low-grade jadeite, which contains amphibole, albite and other minerals. Because Bashan jade has many impurities, rough structure and poor water head, it must be treated manually to make decorations. The Bashan jade on the market is actually a jadeite B product obtained by pickling and injecting glue.

After artificial treatment, this variety has bright color and good transparency. It is also known as "new jade" and is the most popular jade B product in recent years. Bashan jade has four characteristics: many colors, many blacks and large blocks, and an ornament often has green, purple and white; Rough texture, loose structure and dull sound when hitting; Hardness is low, the hardness of Bashan jade is often 6, while the hardness of most jadeite varieties is between 6.5 and 7; Light weight means low density, and the density of Bashan jade is lower than 3.32g/cm3. But the processed Bashan jade does have good ornamental and practical value, and because of its low price, it is more suitable for low-income young women. It should be pointed out that the structure of Bashan jade has been destroyed and its durability is poor, so there is no possibility of collection value and preservation.

18, dry white jade

It is white or grayish white jade with rough texture and poor transparency. Jade experts rated it as rough, dry and moist. This variety is colorless or light-colored, and the boundaries between grains can be seen by naked eyes, so its external structure is rough and its use and ornamental value is low, so it belongs to a low-grade jade variety.

Cui Mo 19

At first glance, it is shiny black, which is easily mistaken for jet or other black gems in Hetian jade. But under the transmitted light, it is mostly translucent, and black is green. Burmese people use "lover's shadow" to describe black jadeite, while China people name it "jet". Cui Mo usually can't be regarded as high-grade jadeite, but when it is used as an ornament with special meaning, such as a pendant made by Cui Mo, such as "Zhong Kui exorcism", the price is not low.

20. Tie Longsheng

It is a medium-grade jadeite, bright green, but with different shades, poor transparency and loose structure, and columnar crystals are arranged in a certain direction, which can often be seen in the market. "Tielongsheng" is taken from the pronunciation of Burmese, which means "Tielongsheng" is full of green. A jade expert in Hongkong, China transliterated it as "Tianlongsheng", which suddenly appeared noble and lovely. Therefore, "Tielongsheng" is also called "Tianlongsheng" in some places.

"Tielongsheng" is not expensive in the market because of its rough texture and poor transparency. Because of its good color and bright green, it is deeply loved by consumers. "Tielongsheng" is used to make pendants such as thin leaves and butterflies, and can also be used to make sapphire pieces such as carved beads and bracelets. Because "Tielongsheng" is rich in green, the decorations made of its thin slices have high ornamental and use value, such as thin corsage inlaid with platinum, pendant and Tielongsheng ornaments inlaid with gold, which are rich and generous and very popular.

2 1, Gan Qing variety.

It is characterized by yellow-green, dark green to dark green, with black spots, cracks, opacity and dryness, and is called Gan Qing species for short. The mineral composition of Gan Qing species is mainly sodium chrome pyroxene, and also contains jadeite and other mineral components. Before the 1990s, it was listed as a variety of jadeite family. After 1990s, after repeated argumentation and discussion by experts and scholars in jewelry and geology, it is considered that Gan Qing species should no longer be called jadeite, but should be regarded as jade species closely related to jadeite. Gan Qing varieties are of average value and are often made into ornaments or pendants. Because it has long been regarded as a "special jade", it is listed as a special case here.