The official uniforms of the Qing dynasty, from the emperor to the civil and military officials, as well as Jinshi and Juren, were all taken according to grades.
Crown includes royal crown, auspicious service crown, constant service crown, traveling crown and rain crown. There are two kinds in winter and summer. The crown worn in winter is called a warm hat, and the hat worn in summer is called a cool hat.
The emperor faces the crown, the warm hat is round, the brim is folded upwards, and the top is decorated with red hat weft. There are three floors at the top, inheriting four golden dragons, decorated with oriental pearls and pearls. The cool hat is prefixed with the golden Buddha and suffixed with Sherin. It is also decorated with red hat latitude and decorated with East Pearl. A coat is the same as a warm hat.
Governors, princes, Zhen Guogong, etc. The crown shape of a dynasty is generally similar to that of an emperor, except that the number of the top hat and the number of ornaments such as East Pearl are decreasing.
The materials and colors of the crowns and beads of civil and military officials vary with the rank of officials. Under the beads at the top, there is a two-inch long sleeve for inserting quill pens. There are blue feathers and flower feathers. Blue feather is made of carved feathers, blue, with long feathers and no eyes. Flower feathers are peacock feathers. The circle with the end like an eye is called an eye, which can be divided into monocular, binocular and tricular eyes, and the feather eye is the most expensive.
Clothing includes robes, royal robes, dragon robes, uniforms, robes, end caps, robes, supplementary clothes, curtains and so on. Clothing, royal clothing,
The dragon robe is the emperor's clothes.
These clothes were worn at the time of offering sacrifices to former King Qiu Qiu and other big gifts.
Palace costumes are used for court meetings, major military ceremonies and visits by foreign princes.
Dragon robe is a second-class dress, bright yellow, embroidered with nine dragons, twelve chapters and five-color clouds. There are many curved lines at the bottom of the robe, and there are rolling water waves on it. There are strange stones and treasures standing on the water waves, which means auspicious meanings such as "unifying mountains and rivers" and "keeping peace forever". The production of dragon robes is extremely exquisite. The robes of the Qing dynasty were often carefully designed by the first-class workers in the Qing palace, and were sent to Suzhou, Hangzhou and other places for seiko supervision with the approval of the emperor.
Dress is a kind of clothing worn in daily affairs. Split front, back, left and right, colors and patterns are optional. All members of the imperial clan can wear this four-slit robe except the emperor.
Travel robes used for patrolling and riding horses are roughly similar to ordinary robes, but the length of the robes is slightly shorter.
The end cover is the pendant of the emperor's dress, which is similar to the ordinary plug-in and made of sable and black fox skin. Senior officials and other royal officials and guards can wear it. Embroidered robes are official clothes. Princes, princes and other relatives, as well as officials from grade one to grade seven, all have embroidered robes, which vary according to the color and the number of pythons.
The sleeves of the dress are made of horseshoes, commonly known as "horseshoe sleeves", which are used by both men and women in the Eight Banners. When you wear a uniform instead of a dress, you need to make horseshoe-shaped sleeves and connect them to the cuffs with buttons. When saluting, put it down and take it off after the ceremony. Robe or uniform? This is the characteristic of Qing dynasty clothing sleeves.
All officials must wear embroidered robes to participate in three major festivals, getting started, winning victories and other gifts.
Another kind of official uniform is patchwork, also called patchwork, which is a long hanging shorter than robe and longer than hanging. There are patches on the front, chest and back, which are the main costumes in the official uniforms of the Qing Dynasty. It is a custom of Manchu to hang robes outside, which is convenient to increase or decrease. It is also another feature of official uniforms in the Qing Dynasty. Wearing a top hat (a specific regulation of the Qing Dynasty) is an important symbol of the level of quality officials and a symbol of quality officials. Mixing is not allowed.
Ordinary officials also have gowns and hangings, which they usually wear, and the colors and patterns are not limited. The suspension of ordinary officials is shorter than the uniform, and the sleeves are elbow-long, which is stone blue and can be worn by ordinary officials and attendants. In the Qing Dynasty, there was also a kind of Huang Ma hanging, which was a very popular official costume. Governor ministers, such as commanders, interior ministers, imperial court kings and Wei Shichang, are allowed to wear them according to regulations. The hero also specially put it on. After the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, civil and military officials received more gifts.
General men's wear General men's wear includes robes, hanging, changing, shirts, pants and so on.
Horse hanging, a cover outside the robe, only waist-length. It was originally a military uniform, so it was called "horse hanging" because it was convenient to ride. At the end of Kangxi, rich children began to wear them. During the Yongzheng period, there were more and more wearers. Later, it spread to the people, regardless of rank, and gradually became a kind of clothing. There are double lapels, large lapels and pipa lapels for hanging horses. The vest, or vest, was taken by princes and nobles, and everyone could wear it until the late Qing Dynasty.
Robes and mandarin jackets were the main clothes for men in the Qing Dynasty, and officials opened them in two slits. Those who don't open seams are called "wrapping circles" to dress the citizens.
The hat most commonly worn by ordinary officials and literati in the Qing Dynasty is a melon hat, which follows the style of Liuhe hat in the Ming Dynasty and is made into a melon-shaped and dome-shaped knot, and the top is tied with red silk thread. In the early years of Xianfeng, the top of the hat was pointed again. The hat is a soft tire that can be folded in your arms. Felt hats worn by ordinary market vendors and farmers also follow the previous generation. In winter, people often wear hoods, also known as "Guanyin pocket", which is named after the hood worn by Master Guanyin. In summer, they wear bamboo hats and cool hats.
Junrong wore samurai clothes and horseshoe sleeves in the early Qing Dynasty. Helmets are available in leather and iron. Ornaments such as mink tail, otter tail and carved feathers are hung around the helmet, and a collar is hung behind it. The mail armor worn by military commanders includes exposed armor, concealed armor, cotton armor and armored armor, in the form of coats plus skirts, shoulder pads, armpit protectors and heart protectors. When wearing armor, hang a bag around your waist to store bows and arrows. This kind of armor has been useless since the invention of firearms. There are also soldiers from Fujiying and green camp, wearing tiger hats and yellow cloth and tiger stripes. Generally, soldiers wear tight coats and trousers, with short clothes and narrow sleeves, plus a rimmed vest. There is a circle on the back, chest and back, which is marked with the words "book soldier" and "brave". Sailors have short coats and narrow sleeves, and there is also the word "boat" in front of their lapels.
3. Women's wear
The highest level of women's clothing for life-long women is the clothing of life-long women (including empress, empress dowager, prince, county king Fujin, Baylor, Lord protector, lady protector, princess, county protector and Mrs. Pin Guan with different surnames, etc.). ). It is similar to men's wear, but the crown is slightly different. There are two kinds of crowns: Chao Guan and Ji Fu Guan, which are divided into winter and summer. The Empress Dowager and the Empress Chao are crowned with great wealth. Under the Empress, the crown ornaments of maids decreased in turn, and some changed golden phoenix into golden peacocks, which were also graded according to the number. There are also gold ornaments, earrings and other ornaments on the crown. The gold contract is worn under the crown for hair appointment, decorated with oriental pearls, pearls, corals and turquoise. Clothing includes robes, skirts, dragons, robes, dresses, embroidered robes, colored clothes and pearls. There are three kinds of queen hanging, all decorated with azurite and Phnom Penh. Embroidery patterns are dragon, or dragon, or flying dragon, hem or walking dragon, or babao, Pingshui, Wan Fu Wanshou and other patterns. There are also three styles of robes, all of which are made of bright yellow brocade with dragon patterns on them. Other women are similar in appearance to the Queen, but the colors are bright yellow, golden yellow, fragrant, blue and cyan. Patterns include dragons, positive pythons, walking pythons, five claws and four claws; There are nine regiments, eight regiments, four regiments, two regiments, nine pythons, eight pythons and five pythons.
Manchu women's dresses There are two kinds of women's dresses in Qing Dynasty: Manchu and Han. Manchu women generally wear robes or vests; Han women still wear clothes and skirts, and so did after the mid-Qing Dynasty. Manchu women's robes have flat cuffs and are long enough to cover their feet. Noble women use dragons and pythons, but generally use silk embroidery patterns. Sleeves, skirts, ruffles, etc. Are inlaid with various colors of lace. The collar is low and gradually rises. The robe is very wide at the beginning and gradually narrows at the back. A short or waist-length vest is often worn outside, including a pair of lapels, straight lapels and pipa lapels. This robe later evolved into the main costume of Han women-cheongsam.
Han women's clothing Han women's clothing changes less than men's clothing, generally wearing cloaks, coats and skirts. A cloak is a coat, similar to a man's hanging. It is shaped like a double-breasted shirt with big sleeves, reaching down to the knee. This cloak has a low collar and is decorated with all kinds of jewels. Inside are tops and skirts. At the beginning of the skirt, the customs of the Ming Dynasty were retained, such as phoenix tail skirt and yuet skirt. Later, some decorated with streamers, some tied small bells at the bottom of the skirt, and some embroidered water lines at the bottom of the skirt, all of which were quite beautiful. Wearing pants instead of skirts was popular in the late Qing Dynasty. Most trousers are made of satin embroidered with patterns. There is also a vest, which can reach the knee and is inlaid with piping. Some fur coats worn in winter have fur exposed inside, which is called "out front". After the mid-Qing dynasty, women wore cloaks in winter, as well as coats taken from western countries, and some of them also followed the cloud shoulders of the Ming dynasty.