1. Diamond, commonly known as "Jin Gangzuan", is a mineral composed of carbon, which is an allotrope of carbon. Diamonds are the hardest substances in nature, and they are widely used.
2. Ruby refers to red corundum, which is a kind of corundum, and its main component is alumina (Al? o？ )。 Most natural rubies come from Asia (Myanmar, Thailand, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, China, Xinjiang, China, Yunnan, etc.). ), Africa (Mozambique, Tanzania), Oceania (Australia) and America (Montana and South Carolina in the United States).
3. Sapphire is the general name of corundum gems with other colors except ruby, and its main component is alumina (al? o？ )。 Blue sapphire is caused by a small amount of titanium (Ti) and iron (Fe) impurities. Sapphire can be pink, yellow, green, white, or even multiple colors in the same stone.
4. Emerald is known as the king of emeralds, as rare as the bright red Ulamnu, and it is one of the four precious gems (red, blue, emerald and diamond) recognized by the international jewelry industry. Because of its unique green color, unique charm and magical legend, it is deeply favored by westerners.
5. Opal, namely "golden emerald with cat's eye effect". Also known as "cat's eye", "cat's eye", "cat essence" and oriental cat's eye, it is a rare and precious variety in jewelry, also known as Alexander's cat's eye, which has both discoloration and cat's eye phenomenon.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Five Precious and High-grade Gems in the World