Loyal ministers include Yu Qian, Hai Rui, Qi Jiguang,
Pillar:
Ming Dynasty: the Revival of Zuo Hongzhi —— Liu Jian (History of Ming Dynasty: Volume 18 1 Biography of Liu Jian)
Liu Jian was a scholar of Ming Yingzong Tianshun (1460) and died in Jiajing, Emperor Shizong of the Ming Dynasty (1526).
Ming Dynasty: Yu Ran's Hope for Public Assistance —— Yang Tinghe (Ming History: Volume 1900 Biography of Yang Tinghe)
Ming Yingzong Tianshun three years-Ming Shizong Jiajing eight years (1459- 1529), the word, Shu County Xindu (now Chengdu Xindu County) people. He is the father of Yang Shen, a writer. With a heavy heart, he was cautious and got rid of his shortcomings in Fuguo, and his political voice was famous. He was a famous political reformer in Ming Dynasty.
Yang Tinghe is not very clever and studies hard. /kloc-promoted to hometown at the age of 0/2, and 19 was a scholar. In the second year of Hongzhi in the Ming Dynasty (489), he learned to write and participated in the Records of Xian Zong Hui Dian. At the beginning of the second year of Jian 'an (1507), Zhan was appointed as the ambassador of Dongge, specializing in imperial edicts and pardons. Because he resisted the official party, he offended Liu Jin, the eunuch of Sili Prison, and his official position was changed to the minister of Nanjing Household Department. Soon after, due to the success of the book, it was recalled, and the Wenyuange University was awarded to participate in the maintenance and moved to the official department. When Liu Jin was put to death, she had attended a university in Zhengde for seven years (15 12). Following Li Dongyang as the records. He has told Emperor Wu Zongdi many times that he wants to get rid of traitors, which is the outline plan. It is eunuchs and evil forces like plague that induce the emperor's daily affairs to be extravagant. Since I have no intention of cheering up, I will not take it seriously. However, Yang Tinghe set a goal, calmly waited for development, and showed the bearing of a politician. In the sixteenth year (152 1), Zhu Houzhao, the master of martial arts, collapsed and was childless. Yang Tinghe quoted the Legacy of Ming Taizu as the basis, and asked Wu Zongxian to present the system of Zhu Hou, the eldest son of the king, to be inherited by his younger brother, with the permission of the Empress Dowager. In January, before the new emperor arrived in Beijing, Yang Tinghe acted according to the testamentary edict, encouraged the New Deal and abolished the abuses left by Wu Zongchao. We cracked down on the evil forces of eunuchs, leaving behind the vast camp rebuilt by Lu Bo and Jiang Bin, the border guards and their beauties randomly deployed by the Royal Guards, and canceling the "Huangzhuang" and "Huangdian" and nine redundant projects. Collect the gold, silver and jewels of the palace in Yifu (Yihua County, Hebei Province), put them into the inner warehouse, and release the unjust prisoners in Nanjing Prison. Finally, he persuaded the Empress Dowager to capture Jiang Bin, a traitor general who wanted to support the rebellion, and publicly executed him after Sejong ascended the throne, making it known to the world. At the same time, he gathered his best friends one by one and punished them separately. On the 37th day of Yang Tinghe's reign, the reform has far-reaching significance. The evil forces have been hit, the decent forces have grown, the people's hearts have grown, and the country has changed from being in danger to the early days of governance. It has been said in history that "China and foreign countries depend on each other". When Sejong Zhu Houzong ascended the throne, Yang Tinghe promulgated the proposed New Deal program to simplify administration, reduce taxes, rectify salt administration and grain transportation. , cautious punishment trial method, open the way, recommend talents, so that "the world will be ruled", everyone in the ruling and opposition parties is happy, and they all praise the achievements of the new emperor and Yang Tinghe. Therefore, he became the president and director of Zuo and Wu Zongshi Records Company. The so-called "big gift" is to discuss the worship and respect for Sejong Zhu Houzong's father. Emperor Sejong wanted to give up the original patriarchal clan system and respect his parents as emperors. Yang Tinghe advocated "inheriting the system and succeeding the descendants" from the standpoint of Huiji, and respected Xiaozong, the father of Wuzong, as the emperor, which did not conform to Sejong's exposition. The emperor finally determined the new imperial clan by force according to his intention, re-cultivated his cronies, and then attacked the cabinet ministers. Yang Tinghe was heartbroken and fought with all his might. He wrote about 30 memorials, but Sejong ignored them. In February of the third year of Jiajing (1524), they were sent back to their hometown Xindu. After Yang Tinghe came to him, Sejong suppressed more than 200 courtiers with violence such as Dayu, Tingting and ousting, and made a "big gift" with great pain. In the seventh year (1528), Sejong's "Ming Lun Da Dian" was completed, which severely condemned the ministers. Yang Tinghe was identified as the culprit and a citizen. In the eighth year of Sejong (1529), Yang Tinghe died of illness in Xindu County, Sichuan at the age of 7 1 year. He was reinstated in the early years of Qin Long, Mu Zong, and gave Taibao a big gift, giving him a literary loyalty. His works "Yang Wenzhong Gong San Lu" and "Shi Zhai Ji" have been handed down from generation to generation. He is also good at writing and his brushwork is neat. Wei Qingkun's Yi Qingge Miscellaneous Notes said: ".
Yang Tinghe was knowledgeable and resolute all his life, aboveboard, and actively advocated the "New Deal", which played a certain role in curing the decline of the Ming Dynasty and was worthy of being a courageous and insightful political reformer. As Li Dongyang said, "I spent a day in Korean. If I participate in economic affairs, I must go back to my husband. "
Ming Dynasty: Strong and Brave —— (History of Ming Dynasty, Liu Chuan, Volume XIX)
Xia Yanming was born in Zhengde, Wuzong of the Ming Dynasty in 12 (15 17) and died in the 27th year of Jiajing, Sejong of the Ming Dynasty (1548).
In the seventh year of Jiajing, Xia Yan was transferred to the official department. At that time, Sejong was going to worship the Buddha. He believes that "heaven and earth are combined, the two suburbs are built separately, and the sun and the moon are combined for four days." Zhang Fujing, a college student, dare not decide. Xia Yan asked the emperor to "plant silkworms in the southern suburbs first and then in the northern suburbs to promote the world." From then on, Xia Yan won the appreciation of Emperor Sejong.
Yan Song (a happy man from Jiangxi), after Xia Yan, became the history of does. He was originally called a fellow countryman with Xia Yan and had great respect for Xia Yan, so he was promoted to his own generation. Yan Song is very jealous of Xia Yan. He saw the contradiction between Xia Yan and Jiajing, Wuding Hou Guoxun and others, and constantly slandered and framed Xia Yan. Every time the eunuch went to Xia Yan's house, Xia Yan was imposing and treated as "internal longitudinal". The eunuch went to Yan Song, and Yan Song offered his seat, "treated him with courtesy" and gave the eunuch money. Therefore, eunuchs always speak ill of Xia Yan in front of Jiajing according to Yan Song's intention. Gradually lost the favor of sejong, and was reprimanded again and again, such as "taking care of cleanliness, not following the seal, entering the cabinet late at night, and prohibiting the cleaning of the carriage (sedan chair)." Small mistakes and misunderstandings were reprimanded.
In the twenty-first year of Jiajing, due to the downfall of Mrs. Zhao Shengtai, Xia Yan was ostracized by Yan Song and returned to Jiangxi, where he built the "Luxiang Caotang" in his hometown of Xiangshan Academy in Guixi.
When Jiajing's son succeeded to the throne, Yan and his son, who had ruled the country for more than 20 years, were finally defeated. Mu Zong avenged the petition of Xia Yan's family. Imperial edict to restore his office, offering a heavy burial, hunting for "Yan Wen". Xia Yan was handed down from ancient times with eighteen volumes of Collection of Returning to the State and Left Draft of the Southern Communist Party. Some of his works can expose social contradictions, and some of his lyric works are also very skillful. "Cary Road Guanzhong Women Inserting Fields" wrote: "Nancun North Village competes for planting crops, and brides, nephews and grandmothers have green skirts and white waists, throwing new seedlings like a shuttle; Playing drums and singing all the time seems more common than boys. Since ancient times, men have been ploughing and women weaving, and they are diligent in both things. Woo hoo! " There are many ladies in Chang 'an who can't move their fingers and are covered in gold. "Xia Yan's tomb is located in the suburb of Shangrao.
Ming Dynasty: Success lies in the country, not in personal wealth —— Zhang (Ming History: Volume 2 13 Biography)
Zhang was a scholar in the 26th year of Jiajing (1547) and died in Wanli.
Zhang was born in Huguang Jiangling (now Hubei), also known as Zhang Jiangling. Politicians and reformers in Ming Dynasty.
In the 26th year of Jiajing (1547), he was a scholar, from an editor to a professor of Hanlin affairs. In the first year of Qin Long (1567), he served as the left assistant minister of the official department and a college student in Dongge. Qin Long and high arch together of the time, is the official department minister and build machine hall university student ZaiFu. In the early years of Wanli, he conspired with eunuch Bao Feng to hunt down Gao Gong and recorded it. At that time, Zongshen was still young, and all military and political affairs were in charge of Juzheng. During the period of 10, a series of reform measures were implemented and achieved certain results. He investigated the landlords and hid the fields, implemented the whip law, changed the tax system and improved the financial situation of the Ming government. Use Qi Jiguang, Li and other famous soldiers to train, strengthen the northern border defense, and guard the border town to pacify; Pan Jixun presided over the governance of Huanghuai, which was also quite effective. In the 10th year of Wanli (1582), he died and presented Zhu Guo and Shi Wenzhong. Shortly after his death, he was attacked by eunuch Rizo and conservative bureaucrats and took his home. Reputation will not be restored until the apocalypse. He is the author of Collected Works of Zhang Taiyan and Classic Books.
Bloody battlefield:
Ming Dynasty: Ke Zhiping-Yu (Ming History: Volume 2 12, Biography of Yu)
Yu (1504 ~ 1580) was born in Quanzhou, Fujian. Ming dynasty famous soldiers, officials and princes all knew each other. He has made outstanding achievements in defending southeast coastal defense and resisting Japanese invasion. Zhoushan has many historical sites where he led troops to wipe out the enemy. More than 440 years have passed, the years have passed, the mountains and rivers have changed, and the land of China has also changed. However, this precious cultural heritage-"Pingwo Monument" still stands on the street under Ligang. This monument is nearly 1 ft high, and it is engraved with three vigorous and powerful Chinese characters "Pingwo Monument". The inscription describes the heroic deeds of Ming soldiers who led the army to encircle the enemy during Jiajing period. This monument is now a key cultural relic protection unit in the city.
The Japanese invasion became more and more serious, which made Ming Shizong, who was hiding in the deep palace, have to worry and told Yan Song to find a way to deal with it. Comrade Zhao Wenhua of Yan Song came up with an idea that the only way to solve the Japanese invasion was to pray to the East China Sea for Poseidon's blessing. Ming Shizong actually believed Zhao Wenhua's story and told him to go to Zhejiang to pray for Poseidon. Later, the court sent veterans familiar with coastal defense to resist. As soon as Yu arrived in Zhejiang, he won several battles. But soon, the Governor of Zhejiang was framed by Zhao Wenhua, and Yu was also implicated in prison. There is no command in coastal defense, and the activities of the Japanese pirates are rampant again. The court transferred Qi Jiguang, a Shandong general, to Zhejiang, which reversed this situation.
Ming Dynasty: Qi Jiguang, a famous anti-Japanese (Ming History: Volume 2 12, Biography of Qi Jiguang)
Qi Jiguang, (1527 ~ 1587) was a famous anti-Japanese soldier and strategist in Ming dynasty. The word Jing, named Nantang, is also known as Jing. Dengzhou, Shandong (now Penglai, Shandong) people. Originally from Weihui, Henan. One said that his ancestral home was Dingyuan, Anhui, and Jining, Shandong. On the coast of Fujian, Zhejiang and Guangdong, it took more than ten years and more than eighty wars, and finally the suffering of the enemy was eliminated. Study hard while you are young, learn history and learn righteousness. In the 23rd year of Jiajing (1544), he took tapping his father's post as an example and directed the affairs of Dengzhou Wei. In thirty-two years, Ren Du was in charge of state affairs, preparing for Japan's invasion of Shandong. In thirty-four years, he was transferred to Zhejiang as a manager. Screw in the generals. It is divided into Ningbo, Shaoxing and Taizhou (now Linhai). In thirty-six years, he was dismissed from office and was reinstated by Wang Ping Zhigong, and changed to Taizhou, Jinhua and Yanzhou (now the northeast of Jiande, Zhejiang). At that time, Zhejiang suffered from the Japanese invaders, and the quality of the old army was poor. Qi Jiguang recruits farmers and miners to form a new army. Strict discipline, rewards and punishments must be believed, and equipped with excellent warships and weapons, carefully trained; In view of the mountainous terrain in the south and the characteristics of enemy operations, he also sized up the situation and created a unique "mandarin duck array" tactic with both offensive and defensive functions. With 12 people as a team, equipped with shields, guns, forks, palladium, sticks, knives and other long and short weapons, the enemy changes formation according to the location and fights flexibly. Every battle was successful and was praised as "Qijiajun" by the world.
Great loyalty and betrayal:
Ming Dynasty: The Royal Guards Commanded —— Lu Bing (History of Ming Dynasty: Volume 307, Biography of Lu Bing)
Lu Bing (1510-1560) is a native of Pinghu. Zuyong was transferred to the Royal Guards as a soldier, and his father was relieved. His mother was Zhu Houzong, the mother of Ming Shizong, and Bing Youxiao went in and out of the palace from her mother. A little longer, Wu Jian will sink. In the 11th year of Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty (1532), Wu Jinshi was awarded the deputy position of Qian Jinyi. After his father died, he was transferred to command affairs and entered the headquarters to take charge of the affairs of Nanzhen. In the eighteenth year of Jiajing, he went south with Sejong to Weihui (now Ji 'an County, Henan Province). At night, the palace caught fire and risked his life to save the world, which won his favor. He believes that all leaders are responsible for security affairs. A few days later, the viceroy took charge, and he was promoted to viceroy for his achievements in arresting people. In order to expand his power, Liu Bing showed respect to the court ministers on the surface, and secretly designed a frame-up. And curry favor with cabinet ministers Xia Yan, Yan Song and others, with the suggestion of commanding military forces to kill and impeach, intended to seize Xia Yan for treatment, but was killed by his collusion with Yan Song. After Qiu Luan, the general, fought for power with Yan Song, Liu Bing kept Qiu Luan out of the law, illegally lied about his exploits and plotted evil. Sejong immediately received Qiu Luan's seal, causing him to die of fear. Because of his meritorious service, Lu Bing entered the left viceroy, added Prince Taibao, added Little Bao, and became Prince Taifu. Jiajing thirty-three years, the value of the inner court. In the past three years, Bing Lin, an impeachment ceremony official, and other three people plundered the materials of the factory, built a mausoleum like a tomb and beheaded it. Before long, Jia Taibao and Shaofu were still in charge of the Royal Guards. Lu Bing, recruiting talents, discovered the misdeeds of the rich, that is, arresting and confiscating their wealth, accumulated millions of dollars, built more than 65,438+00 private houses, and spread his power all over the world. Jiajing died in the thirty-ninth year and gave Wu Hui a gift of loyalty. The tomb is located in Xiyang, Xiuxi Township, pinghu city (commonly known as "General Cemetery"). His son attacked the Royal Guards. At the beginning of Qin Long, the suggestion investigated Liu Bing's crimes, lowered his rank and confiscated his property. In the third year of Wanli (1575), Prime Minister Zhang played an active role in the rescue of Lu Bing, exonerating him. His grandson Lu Kui inherited thousands of families. A handful of snow, a Peking Opera (also known as Cha Tou Tang), tells the story of Yan Shifan persecuting Mo Huaigu. In the play, Lu Bing is an honest official who upholds justice, which is inconsistent with historical facts.
Clear and turbid world:
Ming Dynasty: Not Afraid of Losing Officials —— Hai Rui (History of Ming Dynasty: Volume 226 Biography of Hai Rui)
Hai Rui (15 14- 1587), whose real name is Ruxian, whose real name is Guo Kai and whose real name is Feng Gang, is from Jinhua Village, Qiongshan City. He took the provincial examination, entered the capital, and gave gifts to the scholar. He was originally appointed as the Oracle of Nanping, and was later promoted to the magistrate of Chun 'an and the magistrate of Xingguo. During his tenure, he advocated honesty, honesty and self-improvement. People said that "cloth clothes can remove millet." In the forty-five years of Jiajing, Emperor Shizong of Ming Dynasty was appointed Director of Yunnan Department of Household Department. At that time, Sejong favored the alchemist, devoted himself to fasting and immersion, and suddenly lost his political affairs. No one dared to protest, only Harry was ready to die. He shocked the ruling and opposition parties, was dismissed from office and imprisoned, and Sejong was released after his death. In the third year (1569), Ren Yingtian, the governor, presided over the dredging of Wusong River and Bairu River, and vigorously promoted the "one whip method", which was opposed by Zhang and others and was dismissed from his post and returned to his hometown. Harry has been upright all his life. In his official career, he rehabilitated some unjust imprisonment, which was called "Hai Qingtian", also known as "Bao Gong reincarnation" and "Nan Bao Gong". At the age of 72, he became an imperial envoy in Nanjing Duchayuan, still trying to punish corrupt officials, and soon died in his residence. After his death, the court consecrated eight altars, gave the prince little protection, made him the loyal and righteous king, and built an official Xu Ziwei to protect the spiritual pivot and was buried. On the day of the funeral, the streets of Nanjing were empty, merchants went on strike, farmers dropped out of farming, people lined the streets to watch the funeral, and the people cried for a hundred miles.
Between black and white:
Ming Dynasty: Everyone refers to a traitor-Yan Song (Ming History: Volume 308, Biography of Yan Song).
Yan Song (1480-1567), a native of Jiexi, Yuefu, Jiangxi Province, was one of the famous treacherous court officials in the history of China for twenty years. In the 18th year of Hongzhi (1505), Emperor Xiaozong of Ming Dynasty entered imperial academy, changed to Jishi Shu, was awarded editing, retired from illness and studied for 8 years, and became famous for his poems. Zheng De was reinstated in the 11th year of Ming Wuzong (15 16). In the seventh year of Jiajing (1528), Ming Shizong was ordered to offer sacrifices to immortals and returned with auspicious words. Ming Shizong was overjoyed. A few years later, he was transferred to the right assistant minister of the official department, entered the history of the Nanjing Ministry of Rites, and was appointed as the history of the official department two years later. In the fifteenth year of Jiajing (1536), the Wanshou Festival was celebrated to the capital. It was time for the imperial court to rebuild the history of the Song Dynasty, so he stayed in Beijing and presided over it with the title of Shangshu of the Ministry of Rites and a bachelor's degree from the Imperial Academy. He is good at serving the wishes of the emperor, worshiping green words, gaining favor, and being added as the Prince of Taibao. Twenty-one years (1542), bachelor of Wu Yingtang. When I entered the Wen Yuan Pavilion, I was still in charge of the ceremony. Specialized in Xiyuan after the solution; Gradual official department history, I am a university student in the temple. When I was young, I followed a prince named Fu and a university student in the temple. Yan Song has no other talents, only obsequiousness. Stealing power is unprofitable, and he has been specializing in state affairs for nearly 20 years. Scholars hold their breath, unscrupulous people flock to them, and bribers emerge one after another. Killing people for personal gain and vigorously eliminating dissidents. He also embezzled the military pay, abandoned the border defense, recruited power to take bribes, and took bribes; It intensified the social contradictions at that time. In his later years, he angered Sejong, was alienated by Sejong, took property and left his job, and died two years later. He is the author of 40 volumes of Qian Shan Tang Ji.
Disaster arrival on the wall:
Ming Dynasty: Zhang Yong (Ming History: Volume 304 Zhang Yongchuan)