Characteristics of poetry
1. Branch arrangement
Line arrangement is the most basic external formal feature that distinguishes poetry from other styles.
Full of true feelings
Without love, you can't talk about poetry, and you can't be a poet without expressing your true feelings.
3. Novel ideas
Poetry emphasizes the importance of meaning. In fact, the meaning is not only important, but also novel. It should write the new idea of "everyone has it in his heart, but everyone has nothing in his pen", and it should have unique and novel discoveries and feelings.
4. Associative nature
Associative nature is to inspire from what is in front of us, to associate with other things, to be naturally connected with each other, without the feeling of being far-fetched.
Free jump
Poetry should contain extremely complex ideological content in a very short chapter, and sometimes the time and space span is very large, which requires natural transition and free jump.
brief and to the point
Conciseness refers to language, concentration and theme, that is, it can reflect life with highly concise, accurate and vivid language, concise and profound, and contain rich ideological content in a limited poem.
7. Harmonious rhythm
Rhythm, as a musical term, refers to the phenomenon of long and short strength appearing alternately in sound movement regularly. The rhythm embodied in poetry refers to the syllable pause between words in poetry, or the cadence and urgency of feelings. The former is external rhythm, while the latter is internal rhythm. Only when the exterior and the interior are in harmony can they be catchy and full of musical sense.
8. Vivid image
Image, the original meaning refers to the physical representation of people or things, which has the nature of seeing, hearing, touching and feeling. The ancients discussed form and image separately, thinking that form refers to form and is an objective entity; An image is an image, a reflection of subjective and objective, and an intuitive image of an object through vision. Now people combine "shape" and "image" into a compound word. As an artistic concept, it refers to a concrete, sensible, vivid picture with certain ideological content and aesthetic significance created by the author according to various phenomena in real life, including people, environment and scenery.
9. Beautiful artistic conception
Meaning refers to the context of meaning, that is, the context of thoughts and feelings; Context refers to the image of context, that is, the object of meaning and pulsation. The combination of artistic conception refers to a realm produced by the combination of the author's thoughts and feelings with external things. Poets combine their subjective feelings with objective scenery, and describe them by artistic means, forming an artistic realm with both form and spirit, which includes implication, suggestion, scenery outside the scene and image outside the image, so that readers can perceive infinity from the finite and obtain a charming aesthetic feeling.
10. Reality and surplus coexist
Only the combination of reality and fiction can bring readers into an artistic realm that is neither divorced from reality nor beyond reality. Ci is a wonderful flower in China's ancient cultural treasure house, which combines literature and melody and can be sung and recited.
Words exist in the form of epigrams. The epigraph is a kind of musical and metrical miscellaneous language, and each epigraph has a fixed format or rhythm. According to this rhythm, the early lyricists wrote lyrics by sound, which was widely sung and later developed into a genre of words and words.
The format of words is different from that of metrical poems: there are only four kinds of metrical poems.
Format, and words always have more than 1000 formats (these formats are called word spectrum). People can't put them
They are called the first type, the second type and so on, so they are given some names. These names are epigrams. have
Sometimes, several formats share a epigraph because they are several variants of the same format; Sometimes,
Several names have the same format, just because the names are different.
Ci originated in the Sui Dynasty and reached its peak in the Song Dynasty, with more than 820 epigrams. For example, butterfly lovers, Water Turning, Nian Nujiao, Man Fang Ting and Yangzhou Slow are all widely used.
About the origin of epigraph, there are about the following three situations:
It was originally the name of music. For example, Bodhisattva Man is said to be due to the tribute paid by the female country in the early years of the Tang Dynasty. They wear a high bun, a golden crown and garlands (garlands are jewelry worn on their bodies), like bodhisattvas. At that time, the teaching workshop was also divided into "Bodhisattva Manqu". It is said that Tang Yizong loved to sing the word "Bodhisattva Crossing the River", which was a popular song at that time. "Xijiang Moon", "Pine Wind" and "Recent Flowers" all belong to this category. These are folk tunes.
(2) Choose a few words from a word as an inscription. For example, Qin Yi E, because the first two sentences of the first word written in this format are "Xiao Shengyan, dreams are broken", so the epigraph is called E, also called E. Memorizing Jiangnan was originally named Wang Jiangnan, also known as Xie Qiuniang. But Bai Juyi has a poem praising "Jiangnan is good", and the last sentence is "Can you forget Jiangnan", so the epigraph is also called memorizing Jiangnan. Dream as a Dream was originally named Yi Xian Zi and later renamed Dream as a Dream, which was written by Zhuang Zong in the late Tang Dynasty. Niannujiao is also called no return to the river, because Su Shi has a poem "Niannujiao", and the first sentence is "No return to the river". It is also called "the moon on the Yangtze River" because the last three words of Su Shi are "the moon on the Yangtze River".
(3) It is the topic of words. The lyrics of "Treading on a Horse" are about dancing, the lyrics of "Riding and Dancing" are about riding and dancing, Ai Naiqu is about boating, the fishing song is about fishing, the waves are about scouring the sand, the ball throwing music is about throwing hydrangeas, and the lost son is about the night. This situation is the most common. Where the epigraph is marked with "original intention", that is to say, the epigraph is also a topic, and there are no other topics.
But most words don't use the original meaning, so there are prefixes besides epigrams. Generally, the topic is marked with smaller words under the inscription. In this case, the inscription has nothing to do with the inscription. A "Waves on the Beach" is not about waves or sand at all; A poem "Recalling Jiangnan" can also not talk about Jiangnan at all. In this way, the epigraph is just the name of the word spectrum.
The characteristic of epigrams is that different epigrams have fixed words and rhymes. Examples are as follows:
Manjianghong was also a epigraph that people liked to use at that time. The inscription is characterized by double tones and 93 words. In the distribution of audio tracks, all the voices are used. On the issue of rhyme, it is generally rhyming to the end, without changing rhyme in the middle. On the issue of confrontation, there is a place for confrontation between the upper and lower shovels.
Huanxisha, the name of the Tang Dynasty, is also called Huanxisha or Huanxisha, because it was used in Ruoyexi. Up and down three seven words. Forty-two characters are divided into two parts. Yunping style has been passed down to this day. The earliest is the Han Wo Ci in the Tang Dynasty, which is formal. All three sentences in the first part use rhyme, and the last two sentences in the second part use rhyme. Most of them use antithetical sentences. Rhyme began in Li Yu in the Southern Tang Dynasty. In addition, there are three words added to the upper and lower parts of Tanpo Huanxisha, which are also famous for their flowers and have the same rhyme. This tone has bright syllables, neat sentence patterns and easy catchiness. Graceful and unconstrained poets often use it. There are more than twenty synonyms, such as "yard flower" and "reduced word Huanxisha".