Istanbul, Turkey's largest city, is located on both sides of the Bosporus Strait and is the gateway to the Black Sea. As a transportation hub of Europe and Asia, Istanbul has an important strategic position. The population is 9.5 million (excluding floating population).
The historic city of Istanbul was built in 660 BC. At that time, the Greeks built a city on the mountain that is now the "nose of the palace" and named it Byzantium. In 324 AD, the Roman Empire Constantine the Great moved the capital from Rome and renamed it Constantinople or New Rome after reconstruction. After the Roman Empire split in 395 AD, it became the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire. Istanbul is the largest industrial transportation, trade and cultural center in Turkey. 50% of the country's imports and 15% of its exports pass through this city. The industrial capital, the number of workers and the output of this city account for 50% of the whole country, and the GDP accounts for about 5 1.5% of the whole country. Industries mainly include textiles, food, cement, tobacco and ship repair. There is less cultivated land nearby, but agriculture is developed. Crops are mainly wheat, oats, barley and sugar beet. In addition, fisheries, animal husbandry and horticulture are also relatively developed.
Istanbul is a hub connecting Europe and Asia, with roads and railways extending in all directions. Bosphorus Bridge, built at 1973, connects two parts of the city, Europe and Asia. 1998 the second bridge across the straits was completed. Ataturk Airport in this city is the largest international airport in China, with a large scale, which can take off and land all kinds of large jets, and it is still being expanded.
Istanbul has many places of interest and Islamic temples. The most famous ones are Topkapa Palace Museum, Dorbama Herche Palace, Sultan Ahmed Mosque, Ayatollah Sofia Museum, etc. Universities include Istanbul University, Istanbul University of Technology, Straits University and other institutions of higher learning.
Ankara
Ankara, the capital of Turkey, is located in the middle of Anatolia Plateau, with an altitude of 978 meters and a population of about 3.69 million. It is the second largest city in Turkey. In the 3rd century BC/Kloc-0, the Hittites built a castle in Ankara, which was called Ankuwa or Ankira at that time, and it changed its tone and later evolved into Ankara. The area was occupied by Phrygia, Gaul, Rome and Byzantines. 1345, Sultan orhan gazi Ghazi conquered Ankara and incorporated it into the Ottoman territory.
The capital of Turkey was originally Istanbul. At the beginning of this century, Ataturk Kemal led the Turkish people to carry out bourgeois revolution, resisted foreign aggression and overthrew the feudal monarchy in Sudan. Due to its moderate geographical location and convenient transportation, Ankara has gradually become the center of the struggle. At the same time, for security reasons, after the victory of the revolution, it was officially designated as the capital of the Republic of China in 1923+00+03.
Ankara is divided into two parts: the new area and the old area. The old city is centered on the ancient castle, with narrow streets and dilapidated buildings, and still retains the style of the Ottoman era; The new city surrounds the east, west and south of the old city, especially in the south, where the Grand National Assembly and major government departments are concentrated.
Ankara is famous as a political center and a commercial city. Industry is not very developed. Some factories produce arms, machinery, electronics, textiles, cement, food and so on. Developed agriculture is one of the main wheat producing areas in Turkey. In addition, it also produces potatoes, broad beans, beets and so on. Fruit is famous for watermelon, melon, apple and pear. Cattle and sheep are the main livestock, and Ankara goat and its fur are world famous. Ankara has been a transportation hub since ancient times. Railways and air routes lead to all parts of the country and are the hub connecting eastern and western Turkey.
The scenic spots in Ankara include Ataturk Mausoleum, Hittite Museum and Ciubuc Reservoir.
izmir
Izmir is the third largest city in Turkey, close to the Aegean Sea, with excellent port and railway network and developed industry and trade. At the end of World War I, it was occupied by Greece. 1922 Turks recaptured Izmir.
Izmir's industrial products mainly include textiles, tobacco, soap and processed food. Agricultural products mainly include: wheat, barley, potatoes, cotton, tobacco, olive oil, grapes and figs.
The ruins of Aegean civilization are everywhere around Izmir. Sixty or seventy kilometers away from Izmir, there is a world-famous ancient city-Ephesus (formerly known as Ephesus, now known as Efez), which has been more than two thousand years.
In the 6th century BC, Alexander the Great of Greece began to build this city. After the Roman Empire invaded, the city continued to be built. The city has complete facilities, including city walls, theaters, baths, gymnasiums, markets, brothels, concert halls and libraries, which is eight times that of Pompeii. Among them, the theater is the largest ancient Roman theater in the world, and many performances are still held here. This library was built by the mayor of this city in the 2nd century A.D. in memory of his father, and its gate still stands today. The city was severely damaged in a major earthquake in the17th century, and it became what it is now after being repaired and abandoned. Country Profile: Country Name: Republic of Turkey. Code TR (turkey).
Interpretation of country name: The word "Turkey" evolved from "Turkic". In Tatar, "Turkic" means "brave" and "Turkey" means "the country of brave people".
Independence Day: 65438+1October 29th (1923).
* * * National Day: 65438+1October 29th (1923).
National Sovereignty Day: April 23rd.
Land: Land includes Anatolia Peninsula in West Asia and East Thrace in Balkan Peninsula. This is a country that spans Europe and Asia.
Area: 780,576 square kilometers (3% in Europe, 97% in Asia, Thrace in Europe and Anatolia in Asia).
Coordinates: 39 north latitude and 35 east longitude.
Population of Turkish flag: 72 million (2006).
Ethnic composition: Turks account for more than 80% of the total population, and the rest are Kurds (15%), Arabs, Armenians, etc.
Religion: 99% of the residents believe in Islam, and most of them belong to Sunnis. 1% of the population is Armenian Orthodox Church, Greek Orthodox Church, Judaism, Catholicism, etc.
Language: Turkish is the official language, Kurdish, Zazazi, Azeri and Kabardino.
Capital: Ankara/Ankara.
Currency: Turkish lira (YTL).
Regime: parliamentary democracy
Legal system: The civil law system originated from the European civil law system and has not yet accepted the compulsory jurisdiction of the International Court of Justice.
Time difference with Beijing: 2 hours earlier than GMT; 6 hours later than Beijing time.
Constitution:1982165438+1promulgated on October 7.
International telephone code: 90.
National anthem: March of Independence.
National flag: rectangular, with an aspect ratio of 3:2. The national flag is red, and there is a white crescent moon and a white five-pointed star near the flagpole. Red symbolizes blood and victory; The crescent moon and the five-pointed star symbolize driving away darkness and welcoming light. They also symbolize the Turkish people's belief in Islam, as well as happiness and good luck.
National emblem: the design is a crescent moon and a five-pointed star, which means the same as the national flag. Sometimes the moon and stars are placed in a red oval with the words "Turkey and the Republic" written on it.
National flower: tulip.
National bird: red-winged thrush.
Places of interest: Rilova Hot Springs, Trojan Ruins, Capadocia and Lake Kush.
World Heritage: Historic areas of Istanbul, Goremei Valley and Capadocia Grottoes, Deeves Mosque and Hospital, Hattusha, Nemrut Mountain, Sansos and Leiden Sites, Herapolis and Spamko Kale, and Sammeilan Bolu City.
State dignitaries: President Gul officially took office on August 28th, 2007. Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan took office in March 2003 and resigned in July 2007. The Orthodox Party led by Erdogan won the parliamentary elections in July, and the President authorized him to form the 60th new government in August. Serhat Koksal Toptan, Speaker of the Grand National Assembly, was elected in August 2007.
Notes on Chinese names of legal holidays in Turkey.
1 month 1 day, New Year's Day? 0? 3l ba？ 0? 6? 0? 3 -
April 23 national sovereignty and Children's Day? Oak Barillan? 0? 3 -
On May 19, People's Republic of China (PRC) was founded, and the Youth Sports Festival Ataturk ü Maangen? Do you like Barillan? 0? 3 -
On August 30th, the anniversary of the victory of the Turkish founding father Mustafa Kemal Mausoleum, Zafer Barillan? 0? 3 -
1October 29th * * * Cumhuriyet Barillan? 0? 3 -
Barillan, Ramazan, Islamic calendar 10 1 day Eid al-Fitr? 0? Three religious festivals last for three days.
Eid al-Adha (Eid al-adha)/KOLC-0/Feb/KOLC-0/0? 0? Three religious festivals last for four days.