Liu Fuling's painting (14) was only eight years old when he ascended the throne (in ancient times, it was calculated in nominal years). According to the testamentary edict of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, Huo Guang officially accepted the testamentary edict of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty and became the assistant minister of Liu Fuling of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty. Jin Ridi, General Che, General Zuo, Shangguan Jie, Sang Hongyang and others assisted in state affairs. Since then, Huo Guang has mastered the supreme power of the Han government. The emperor is eight years old, and political affairs are decided by light. The determination of the throne does not mean the end of the struggle for the throne. Instead, it caused a fierce political struggle. Since Huo Guang's assistant administration, fierce political struggle was the first thing he encountered. And let this struggle tend to be white-hot, and at the same time for Huo Guang's Shangguan Jie and prince Liu Dan. Shangguan Jie, the left general, colluded with princess royal, the daughter of Emperor Wudi, who was ordered to enter the palace to raise Emperor Zhao, and sent his young granddaughter (the Shangguan Queen) to the palace to seek official positions for princess royal's cronies. Liu Dan, the prince of Yan, was dissatisfied because he was longer than Emperor Zhao. Another Fuzheng minister and ancient scholar, Sang Hongyang, disagreed with Huo Guang's political views and was quite dissatisfied with Huo Guang. Editing this paragraph, Shangguan Jie, Yan Wangdan and others stepped up preparations for the coup in the first six years (the first 80 years). Liu Dan, the prince of Yan, bet on Shangguan Jie, sent more than ten people before and after, brought a lot of gold, silver and jewels, and bribed princess royal, Shangguan Jie, Sang Hongyang and others to support him to seize the throne. They used the old trick of "Jun Qing's side" and made people write a letter to Zhao Di in the name of Yan Wangdan, fabricating that Huo Guang was reviewing military equipment in Kyoto and the roads near Kyoto were under martial law; Huo Guang called Su Wu, who had been detained by Huns for 19 years, back to Jingdu. As a typical country, he planned to borrow the Xiongnu army. Huo Guang mobilized troops without authorization. All this is to overthrow Emperor Zhao and become emperor on his own. He also claimed that Liu Dan, the prince of Yan, wanted to stay in North Korea in order to prevent treacherous court officials from making trouble. Shangguan Jie tried to wait until Huo Guang went out on vacation to send this letter to Emperor Zhao, and then he announced Huo Guang's "indictment" according to the contents of the letter. Sang Hongyang organized courtiers to coerce Huo Guang to abdicate, thus abolishing Emperor Zhao. They didn't expect Liu Dan's letter from the prince to reach Zhao Han, but it was detained there and ignored. Early the next morning, Huo Guang went to court, and after learning of Shangguan Jie's move, he stood in the studio where the Duke of Zhou was not a king, refused to appear before the court, and demanded to show his attitude. When Zhao Han saw that there was no Huo Guang in the imperial court, he asked the courtiers. Shangguan Jie took the opportunity to reply: "Because the prince denounced his crimes, he dared not come to the court." Emperor Zhao was very calm. He immediately called Huo Guang to the DPRK and said decisively: "I know that the letter is slanderous and you are not guilty"; "If you want to mobilize troops, in less than ten days, Prince Liu Dan is far away, how can you know!" "Besides, if you really want to overthrow me, you don't have to work so hard!" The conspiracy of Shangguan Jie and others was exposed by Emperor Zhao Di, who was 14 years old. All the ministers in the DPRK marveled that Emperor Zhao Di was so clever and decisive that Huo Guang's auxiliary position was stabilized. After the conspiracy of Shangguan Jie and others was exposed, they simply launched an armed coup. They planned that princess royal would hold a banquet for Huo Guang, and ordered the ambush soldiers to kill Huo Guang and abolish the emperor Zhao Han. At this critical juncture, an official in charge of rice field tax under princess royal reported the conspiracy of Shangguan Jie and others to Yang Chang, Sima Qian's husband. Yang Chang told the admonition officer Du Yannian, so Emperor Zhao and Huo Guang mastered the armed coup plan of Shangguan Jie and others. Before the coup, they took the initiative to arrest all the ministers responsible for the coup, such as Shangguan Jie and Sang Hongyang, and destroyed their homes. Beggars princess royal and Dan knew that they could not be pardoned, so they committed suicide one after another. Shangguan Jie's coup was finally crushed by Huo Guang. The nine-year-old Shangguan Queen was not deposed because she was young and Huo Guang's granddaughter. Since then, not only Huo Guangquan came to power, but also his son, son-in-law and younger brother held important positions, and Huo's power reached its peak. Hong Mai's "Rong Zhai Essay Han Di" said: "At the age of fourteen, Han Di was able to observe Huo Guang's loyalty, know the deception of faith, and punish Sang Hongyang and Shangguan Jie, which was later called Ming." Li Deyu praised: "The virtue of a monarch is greater than the greatest light. If you are smart enough to follow a traitor, then all evil can't be covered up, even the Emperor Zhao Han. Zhou Chengwang is ashamed of virtue; Gaozu, Wen and Jing are all inferior. When the King of Qi heard about Guan and Cai's words, the Duke of Zhou and the Wolf wrote a postscript to the East. Henkel heard that Chen Ping had gone to Wei Beichu and wanted to give up his heart and idea. China people confuse her step to make it difficult to get close to wine and return to Gubrachial County; Suspected Jia Sheng was arrogant and disorderly, and he has returned to the sage. Jingdi believed in the solution of Chao Cuo's soldiers, so he slaughtered the three cities. The so-called "doubters" confuse thieves. "If Emperor Zhao gets Yi and Lu Zhizuo, he will be successful and healthy." The economic policies of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, such as salt and iron official camp and liquor monopoly, were implemented in the case of counterattack against Xiongnu and financial emptiness. Its implementation enabled the Han government to broaden its financial resources, increase its tax revenue, and have a relatively solid material foundation to support the long-term war, thus constantly expanding its territory and stabilizing its frontiers. Under the circumstances at that time, the implementation of this economic policy was undoubtedly correct. However, the implementation of policies such as official management of salt and iron, monopoly of liquor, and even loss has gradually concentrated part of the wealth in the hands of big bureaucrats, big landlords, and big businessmen, while depriving small and medium-sized landlords of their interests. There has been a situation in which officials "cheat and sell their flats", farmers are miserable, and women pay taxes. "Rich officials and wealthy businessmen accumulate goods for emergency use, and despise traitors and officials to take advantage of cheap and expensive", which has made small and medium-sized landlords and ordinary people increasingly poor. Therefore, at the beginning of Zhao Di's accession to the throne, Huo Guang fought with Sang Hongyang and others about whether to change the economic policies such as salt and iron official operation, liquor monopoly and even loss. To sum up, it mainly includes the following three aspects: about the monopoly of salt and iron. German literature believes that policies such as salt and iron official camp are the root of folk sufferings. In the process of implementing these policies, unscrupulous officials and businessmen are busy with public law, seeking personal interests, wading through mountains and rivers, being good at official markets and making a fortune. Because of the poor quality of ironware, it is easy to mow grass and expensive, and farmers are unwilling to use it, resulting in the phenomenon of hand hammer in wood farming; Official salt also has bitter taste, so people have to eat lightly. Virtuous writers believe that this is actually the government and officials competing for profits with the people, so they advocate stopping salt, stopping iron, monopolizing wine and losing money. Sang Hongyang also admitted that there were some abuses in the implementation of the government-run salt mine policy, which made the people suffer greatly, but thought that these abuses were only caused by officials or bad, and the ban was not only a matter of implementation, but also a problem of the policy itself. Sang Hongyang pointed out that during the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, due to the implementation of economic policies such as salt and iron official camp, it not only realized the road of keeping cronies, forbidding extravagance and never merging, but also ensured the logistics supply for the large-scale war against Xiongnu, and usually relied on these financial revenues for disaster relief, water conservancy and other expenses. Therefore, Sang Hongyang insisted that these policies should not be abandoned. In the long run, it is positive and desirable for Sang Hongyang to stick to the salt and iron official camp, attack the Xiongnu aristocratic forces by force and implement the rule of law, which is conducive to cracking down on local separatist forces, strengthening centralization and consolidating the reunification of the Han Dynasty. However, in the case of increasingly acute social contradictions in the last years of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, blindly adhering to these policies without taking any measures to alleviate contradictions is bound to further intensify contradictions and even lead to the overthrow of the regime. Virtuous literature mostly comes from the lower classes, and they know more about the sufferings of ordinary people. Therefore, the proposed policy is more realistic, which is a good medicine to temporarily alleviate the social contradictions in the last years of Emperor Wu. However, it is not only foolish to regard the countermeasures of good writers as the long-term ruling policy of the government, but also will endanger the consolidation of feudal regime and the unity of the country. The Salt-Iron Conference did not draw a clear conclusion, but the views of both sides of the debate had a positive impact on the ruling policy of the Western Han Dynasty during Zhao Xuan's period. From the mainstream, the ruling Huo Guang basically adhered to the policies formulated in the imperial edict of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, implemented measures of solidarity with the people, cultivated the commons and the poor, lent farmers seeds and rations, partially exempted taxes and corvees, reduced salt prices, and maintained friendly relations with the Huns. These measures are in line with the idea of benevolent governance and governing the country by virtue put forward by German literature. Virtuous literature has also been valued by the rulers and has become an active force in the political arena. Huo specifically asked them to ask for gains and losses, but also used officials to choose people with more virtue. At the same time, Huo Guang did not absolutely reject Sang Hongyang's opinion. In terms of economic policies such as salt and iron management, except for going to the liquor monopoly and stopping the iron monopoly in some areas, other economic policies implemented by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty remained unchanged. The editor of this section announced that ZTE was aiming at the serious loss of national strength, the heavy burden on farmers, a large number of bankruptcies and the intensification of domestic contradictions caused by foreign wars and Zen in the last years of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty. With the help of Huo Guang and others, Liu Fuling ordered many times to lighten the people's burden, stop rushing, reduce taxes and enjoy the people. Externally, it changed the long-term policy of fighting against Xiongnu during the period of Emperor Wu. On the one hand, it strengthened the garrison in the north and repelled the invading Xiongnu and Wuhuan many times. On the other hand, relations between the two sides have improved. In this way, the large-scale war in the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty stopped, which contributed to the recovery and development of the domestic economy. Economically, the practice of salt and iron monopoly by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty has aroused worldwide discussion. In the sixth year of Yuan Dynasty (8 1 year BC), a "Salt and Iron Conference" was held to discuss the policies of Emperor Wu. This policy discussion is kept in the book "On Salt and Iron" edited by Huan Kuan. After argumentation, the monopoly of wine was cancelled and the monopoly of salt and iron was retained. During the reign of Emperor Zhao, due to proper internal and external measures in Huo Guang, the contradictions left over by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty were basically controlled and the declining trend of the Western Han Dynasty was reversed. The history book says, "The people are full, and four clothes are served outside." In June 74 BC (April of the first year of Yuanping), Liu Fuling, who was only 20 years old, died of terminal illness in Weiyang Palace in Chang 'an. After his death, posthumous title became Emperor Zhao and was buried in Ping Ling. Liu Fuling had no children. After his death, Huo Guang let Liu He, the grandson of Emperor Wu, inherit the throne. Twenty-seven days later, it was abolished by Huo Guang, and the great-grandson of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty and the grandson of Liu succeeded to the throne, claiming the title of emperor in history. During the 38-year rule, the politics of Han Dynasty was clear, the society was harmonious, and the economy was prosperous. "Officials said their posts and the people were safe", which was called "Zhao Xuan Renaissance" in history. Please adopt it. Thank you.