Wood carving is divided into many types because of its wide application and decoration, various forms of expression and different textures of carved wood. From the scope of application and decoration, it can be divided into three categories: architectural sculpture, furniture sculpture and display handicraft sculpture. From the form of expression, there are hollow carvings, reliefs, shallow carvings, three-dimensional round carvings, hollow decals and so on. Because wood grain is different, it can be divided into hardwood carving and cork carving. The following introduces their forms one by one, and discusses their application and decorative significance. 1, architectural sculpture The architectural sculpture mentioned here refers to the wood carving decoration of the building. The application of wood carving in architecture has a long history in China. Woodcarving decoration of ancient buildings in China (including gardens, temples, palaces, etc.). ) occupies a very important position in world history. Since 1980, "The Country of Fragrant Hills" was designed and installed as the "Xuan Ming" in the Metropolitan Museum of New York, the ancient garden architecture in China has been more desired by people all over the world, and the garden craze in China has gradually formed overseas. Especially ancient buildings decorated with wood carvings, such as carved beams and painted buildings, carved beams, rafters, panes, railings, flying covers, etc. , with simple and elegant style, shows the unique decorative function of wood carving art in ancient buildings (or antique buildings). With the rapid development of human tourism and the increasing demand for spiritual civilization and material civilization, ancient buildings (or modern antique buildings) decorated with wood carving art have more practical significance such as sightseeing, viewing, learning, learning from and edifying people's thoughts and sentiments, and enriching artistic accomplishment. Woodcarving forms suitable for ancient buildings can be roughly divided into relief, hollow carving, three-dimensional round carving and shallow carving. 2. Furniture carving The furniture here refers to wooden furniture. Woodcarving furniture can be said to be the most widely used large-scale practical art of woodcarving art, and the furniture decorated with woodcarving art has an ancient and elegant charm. The artistic carved furniture and mahogany carved furniture exported from China are elegant and elegant, while those from Gu Zhuo are exquisitely carved and have a unique oriental national style. Furniture carving is popular in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Hunan, Jiangxi, Fujian, Guangdong, Shanghai, Beijing and other places, and the mahogany carving furniture in Taiwan Province Province is also very distinctive. Carved furniture is displayed in most classical gardens in China, especially those precious furniture in Suzhou gardens, such as tables, stools, tables, chairs, couches, tables, desks and screens. Wood carvings without exquisite and elegant patterns are deeply appreciated by foreign tourists. 3. Handicraft carving Handicrafts here refer to wood carving handicrafts, that is, an art that combines highly skilled and exquisite technology with typical art with national characteristics. It can be divided into two categories: purely ornamental woodcarving display crafts and woodcarving practical crafts. Woodcarving display handicrafts are small and personalized artworks displayed and arranged on cabinets, windows, tables, desks and case racks for people to enjoy. They decorate and beautify the environment, edify people's thoughts and sentiments, and give people beautiful enjoyment, which belongs to the category of people's spiritual and cultural life. Modern wood carving furnishings and crafts pay attention to the times and people's nature, with a wide range of themes, including flowers and birds, animals, ladies and so on. There are also woodcarving works of human body art and practical handicrafts, which refer to artworks that combine practicality and artistry with woodcarving decoration, and are divided into two categories: woodcarving decoration of wood products and woodcarving decoration of other handicrafts. There are many wood carving decorative handicrafts, such as floor lamps, wall lamps, painted screens, woodcut screens, picture frames, pen holders, woodcut clock stands and so on. Decorate other handicrafts with wood carvings in a wider range, such as several seats, several cases and several shelves. There are many objects for decoration, such as jade, tooth carving, cloisonne, vases, flowerpots, agates, jade, jewelry, porcelain and so on. These woodcarving artworks contrast the main body, enrich the whole and increase the artistic charm. Woodcarving can be roughly divided into two forms, one is "independent" and the other is "attached" The former refers to the so-called three-dimensional space sculpture that can be freely placed and seen from any direction and angle, and is usually used as an indoor display or desk decoration. The latter refers to the relief used to decorate the indoor walls of buildings or fixed spaces such as doors and windows. This kind of relief is usually expressed by high, low, engraved, transparent and smooth. A slightly protruding statue is called a low relief; The statue is very prominent on the bottom, which is called high relief; The periphery of the relief is hollowed out, which makes the statue show a clear image effect similar to paper-cutting, which is called hollowed-out carving; The composition of the statue is multi-layered, carved layer by layer. In addition to the final background, the front part has nothing to do with the bottom surface, which is also called transparent carving. Toutong carving is characterized by combining various carving methods on one screen, which is a multi-level and all-round hollow carving with a slight deviation and three-dimensional shape. His works have exquisite artistic effects and are mainly used for traditional wood carving decoration of ancient buildings. For example, the golden lacquer wood carving in Guangdong is to concentrate landscapes, feathers, animals, insects and fish and various patterns on one screen, and distinguish different plots and scenes with zigzag and S-shaped paths. There are also some reliefs that are independent works of art and can be freely configured according to the needs of the environment. They are also decorative wall hangings or screens. There are three ways to create wood carvings: one is when facing a relatively ordinary log, square wood or standard board without special shape (that is, wood is processed into regular material shapes, such as square, rectangle, circle, etc. ), we can freely choose the content and theme of carving, and then use a lot of carving to achieve the final artistic effect. This method seems simple, but it is also subject to certain constraints. Because the structure of wood is composed of fibers, its fragility requires us to emphasize integrity and firmness in composition creation. Generally speaking, artistic woodcarving does not pay attention to splicing, otherwise it will lose its characteristics. If you want to make a fuss about a piece of wood, you have to avoid running around and discard the fragmented details. In order to highlight the texture of wood and express the beautiful wood grain, the modeling volume is not easy to be too small and too much, and it needs to be made in large pieces to pursue the seamless effect. The second method is to follow the shape, that is, according to the unique natural shape or texture direction of the material itself, give this material a specific image through feeling and imagination, and release its image through clever carving. The so-called seven points are natural and three points are carved. This method is also called "clever carving", and its conception process takes more time than the actual carving, which is endless fun. "Clever carving" is a kind of conformal modeling, that is, to adapt to certain conditions, which is a kind of restriction or constraint, and seems to have caused trouble to the author. What is often limited will become the decisive factor to form its artistic characteristics, which can make rotten wood magical. Some jade carvings are precious, which is reflected in the author's method of making fine products with materials based on quantity and shape. Nature gives us a lot of inspiration, and some materials have unusual and obvious shapes, which directly stimulate your imagination or inspiration; Others are not obvious and need careful consideration and meditation; The changeable wood grain is often the factor that affects the artistic effect of the work; The irregular shape of some wood blocks can also remind us of the existence of an image. Therefore, many sculptors often collect some "grotesque" wood and keep it around for a long time. They often think about and examine it. Once they are mature, they can't stop picking up the meat cleaver. Of course, the success of a work often depends on the difference between ideas. "As the saying goes, everything goes wrong." This is closely related to the artistic accomplishment and skills of composition. The third method of woodcarving creation is to completely get rid of the morphological attributes of the original materials, and make large and small wood chips into approximate shapes and thicknesses according to the design intent by manual or mechanical stacking and bonding, and then carve. The advantage of this method is that it can increase the volume of wood at will, greatly reduce the effort of cutting wood and save large logs. If it is a "sandwich" made of different colors of wood stacked and bonded, its wood appearance will show a clear and beautiful decorative wood grain after carving, which will make the work have a unique artistic effect. Some sculptors often add the wood they want to add to any part of the sculpture. In order to expand the proportion and shape of woodcarving, they use the method of combination bonding. There are also some sculptors who are more original and unique when using wood to create works. They carved the trees planted in the garden into works, and some of them added branches and leaves, thus creating wood carvings that coexist with nature.