Color: real ivory jewelry is mostly white, even if it is bleached, it has a greasy white feeling; But bone carving jewelry is often dry and white.

Weight: For the same size, tooth carving jewelry is obviously heavier than bone carving.

Bone: The texture of ivory is thinner than that of bone, and the ripples on it are also thinner.

Workmanship: ivory jewelry works fine, while bone carving jewelry is generally rough.

There are three kinds of ivory: African ivory, Asian ivory and mammoth ivory.

Asian ivory: the color is mostly pure white, with rare light rose white, but the texture is loose and soft, and it is easy to yellow.

African ivory: white with green color, fine texture and fine section. The legal responsibility for smuggling African ivory is lighter than that for smuggling Asian ivory.

Mammoth teeth: Most of them are preserved in permafrost in Siberia and Alaska.

Ivory refers to two big teeth in an elephant's mouth. Ivory is generally light yellow, with high hardness and good luster. When buying ivory ornaments, we should pay attention to distinguish them from bone products and artificial ivory. The specific identification method is as follows:

(1) Look at the weight

The weight of ivory ornaments of the same size is obviously heavier than that of bones and artificial ivory ornaments.

(2) Look at the bones

Ivory is fine in texture and has tiny ripples on it; In contrast, the texture of bone products is rough, the lines on them are thick, and the artificial ivory lines are not easy to see.

(3) Look at the luster

Ivory jewelry is oily and shiny, while bone jewelry is dry. Although the luster of artificial ivory jewelry is better than that of bone products, it is still not as good as that of ivory products.

(4) Look at the color

Ivory jewelry tends to be white in color, while bone carving jewelry is mostly bleached. Even if some ivory jewelry is bleached, it gives people a feeling of oily white, while bone carving jewelry is dry after bleaching.

(5) Look at the workmanship

Ivory ornaments are finely crafted, while bone carvings are rough, while artificial ivory ornaments often leave mold marks.

Fourth, optimize ivory processing.

1. Bleaching treatment: The ivory that turns yellow or has a yellow tone for a long time is soaked in an oxidizing solution such as hydrogen peroxide to remove the yellow, so as to improve the grade and value of ivory. Bleaching is a necessary optimization treatment for most ivory.

2. Dyeing treatment: Dyeing is to soak the ivory with unsatisfactory color in various needed dyes to get the desired color.

Identification of common imitations of verbs (abbreviation of verb)

1. Bone products: dense bone products are similar to ivory in appearance, refractive index and specific gravity, but their structures are different. Animal bones have hollow tubular structures, and the cross sections of these tubules are circular or oval, and the longitudinal sections are linear. These structures are more obvious when dirt seeps into the hollow pipe.

2.Dum palm nut: It grows in South America and Africa, with a brown epidermis and an egg-sized inner shell, which is white or protein-colored. Its hardness, refractive index and fluorescence characteristics are similar to ivory, but its cross section is honeycomb, its longitudinal section is parallel and thick, and there are cell structures in the lines. The proportion of nuts is about 1.4, which is lower than that of ivory.

Soaked in sulfuric acid, ivory will not fade, while nuts are rosy and easy to dye. Nuts have better toughness than ivory, and can be cut with a blade, which is easy to process.

3. Plastics: Celluloid is the most common and effective ivory imitation material. In order to imitate the stripes on the longitudinal section of ivory, plastic is pressed into thin slices, but this stripe is much more regular than ivory, and it can not produce "Retzius" pattern. ?

Sixth, the quality evaluation of ivory.

Ivory with rare color or pure white, translucent, dense and tough texture, fine lines and high quality is the best product, while ivory with yellow color, small block and loose structure has low value and even lost jewelry value. Generally speaking, ivory produced in Africa is fine in texture and fine in section. In Asia, the texture is loose and soft, and the color tends to turn yellow.

Among the evaluation factors of ivory, carving technology is very important. China ivory carving has a long history and unique traditional style, and its carving technology is famous at home and abroad.

Seven. The origin of ivory

Ivory is mainly produced in Africa, such as Tanzania, Senegal, Ethiopia and Gabon. The quality of ivory produced near Pangari in Tanzania is the best, followed by Thailand, Myanmar, Sri Lanka and India in Asia.