Basel is the second largest city in Switzerland, with a population of about1.8000. It is located at the junction of Switzerland, France and Germany, and the Rhine River passes through the city, making a nearly right-angle bend in the city. The left bank of the Rhine River is called Great Basel, which is an economic, commercial and leisure shopping center, and the right bank is called Little Basel, which is mainly composed of flower shops, studios, craft workshops and cafes. (The picture below shows the Rhine River and Little Basel)
The city of Basel has a history of more than 2000 years. In 500 BC, Celts settled here. During the Roman Empire, the Romans built colonial cities and fortresses here. Brasilia first appeared in the literature in 374. At the end of the 5th century, it became the territory of the Frankish kingdom, in 9 12 it belonged to the Burgundy kingdom, and in 1033 it became the territory of Germany. 150 1 Joining the Swiss Confederation, it is the 11th state of the Confederation. 1833 officially split into two half the town.
Basel has always been a famous religious and cultural city in the West. It has been the residence of the bishop since the beginning of the 7th century. /kloc-In the middle of the 0/5th century, the Catholic Church split and elected two popes. There is a pope who has settled in Basel. 1460, the first Swiss university was established in Basel, where scholars and students from Europe gathered.
Basel has always been a major transportation center, with three railway stations (belonging to the national railways of France, Germany and Switzerland respectively), an international airport built on French territory, an inland port of the Rhine River and the only maritime port in Switzerland.
300 years ago, Basel started from the traditional textile industry and printing and dyeing field, which promoted the development of chemical industry. At present, it has become the center of chemical and pharmaceutical industry in Switzerland, where the three major chemical groups in Switzerland are concentrated. The pharmaceutical industry is in a leading position in the world. In addition, Basel has an international settlement bank that plays an important role in international finance, and it is an international city comparable to Geneva in economy.
Basel, known as Florence, Switzerland, is a city full of cultural flavor, and the annual Fasnacht Carnival retains the medieval military tradition. The largest international exhibition in Switzerland, especially the jewelry and watch exhibition held in April every year, is held in Basel. The tallest building in Basel is the Modern Exhibition Building.
Basel has more than 30 unique art galleries and museums, and is gradually becoming the museum capital of Switzerland. There are priceless world-class collections here. Kunstmusum is one of the largest art galleries in Europe. Built in 1662, it is the first open art museum in Europe in history. It has a long history and a rich collection. In addition to ancient masterpieces, there are also works by modern masters, including many works by Picasso in his later period. These collections are enough to form a European art history, and the main entrance is Rodin's sculpture: Calais Citizen.
Located in the north of the city, the Monument to the Three Kingdoms is a rocket-shaped sculpture engraved with the flags of Switzerland, France and Germany. However, this is not the junction of the borders of the three countries, but the junction is in the center of the nearby lower Rhine River.
Munster is a Catholic church. 1 1 century started construction, 1356 was destroyed by the earthquake. It was rebuilt many times. The church is a red sandstone building, which is rare in European churches. The architectural style of this church is a mixture of Gothic and Romanesque. In the church, there is a tombstone of Erasmus buried in Basel. Erasmus was an important humanist thinker and writer in the Renaissance, who died at 1536. In the church, you can have a panoramic view of Basel, overlooking Heling Mountain in Germany and Vosges Mountain in France.
Markert Square, located in the city center, is the main square in Basel. Because it has always been used as a market, the German name means market square. Rathaus, located next to Markert Square, is a Gothic red sandstone building in the late16th century, rebuilt in the19th century. There are colorful murals in the building, which are works of the Renaissance.
University of basel is the oldest university in Switzerland, founded in 1460. Erasmus soon came here from Rotterdam to teach, and Basel gradually developed into a humanistic center in the northern Alps. /kloc-in the 9th century, the philosopher Nietzsche taught here for ten years and finished many great works here. There are nearly ten thousand students in university of basel, and biochemistry and computer science are in the leading position in the world.
Basel Zoo is one of the two largest zoos in Switzerland. Founded in 1874, it now covers an area of about 1 1 hectare, with more than 600 species and more than 6,000 species of animals, many of which are rare and receive nearly one million tourists every year.
Augusta Raurica, located on the outskirts of Basel, is a Roman city relic built in 44 BC, the largest in Switzerland and the oldest Roman relic in the Rhine Valley. The remaining amphitheater can accommodate 800 people, as well as the Rome Museum, which displays unearthed cultural relics and urban restoration models. There will be all kinds of activities in the amphitheater.
Alaska is the 49th and largest state in the United States, twice as large as Texas, but with a population of less than 600,000. In Alaska, people call the other 48 states the lower 48 states. Anchorage, where international flights arrive, is not the capital. Juno, the capital, is a beautiful and quiet town with no railways.
There are about 3 million lakes in Alaska, 94 of which are over 10 square mile. Among the 20 mountains in North America, 17 is located in Alaska. The natural environment has created Alaska's national parks and won the title of the last frontier. In addition to oil and natural gas, gold, silver, lead, zinc, coal mines and forestry reserves are world-class. In addition, Alaska is located on the routes of Asia and North America, and the open sky policy of aviation makes it the most ideal resource source for Asian countries.
1867, the United States bought Alaska from Russia for $7.2 million. At that time, no one thought of the name "Alaska" except the gold digger. It is also because of the adventures of gold miners and their families that the magnificent scenery of Alaska has the opportunity to show the world.
In this last virgin land, there are some commendable man-made buildings supporting the economic structure of the whole state, the most striking of which is the world-famous "Trans-Alaska Oil Pipeline". This man-made wonder is 800 miles long (about 1, 200 kilometers). It has stood on the tundra for more than 20 years, resisting thermal expansion and cold contraction caused by 70-degree temperature difference. It continuously transports1.800 million barrels of crude oil every day, bringing endless wealth to the United States.
Alaska straddles the Arctic Circle and is the largest state in the United States. Americans bought from the Soviet Union at a low price never thought that Alaska's rich oil reservoirs would bring them great wealth. The oil pipeline running through the north and south of Alaska is a must-see for tourists.
Because it is located in the Arctic Circle; Most people's impression of Alaska is a white landscape covered with snow and ice. As we all know, Alaska is still full of green in summer, full of vitality, and its natural environment landscape is no less than that of any national park in the world. Snow-covered mountains, magnificent glacier fjords, diverse ecological environment and pleasant climate all attract tourists to Alaska in summer.
In Alaska in winter, the temperature often drops below zero degrees Celsius during the day, will it deter tourists? Indeed, the cold climate makes most tourists flinch and see a vast expanse of whiteness. It seems that everyone can only stay indoors. However, Alaska in winter presents a life form that we can't imagine or even touch in the subtropical zone.
Fairbanks, near the Arctic Circle, has a low temperature. I remember driving out for a night outing one night and seeing the bell tower on the roadside actually showing "-30℃", which is hard for us living in Taiwan Province Province to imagine! Alaskans living in this cold climate certainly have their own unique outdoor activities, the most common of which is dog sledding.
Every year from 10 to March of the following year, it is the peak season for Alaska dog sled racing. Almost every town will hold regional competitions on weekends and holidays. Children and adults are divided into several grades according to their age, and different kilometers of cross-country time trials are held. At the end of March, the all-Alaska regional finals will be held, and Anchorage will hold an international competition to attract the best players from all over the world. Dog sledding is a common outdoor activity in Alaska in winter, and sometimes it is also a means of transportation. You must have considerable skill in driving a dog and pulling a sled. Of course, tourists can't learn and sell it in a short time. However, ordinary people can still spend a little money in tourist attractions and let dogs pull sleds to carry you on the cold streams and face the cold wind. That biting smell is absolutely unforgettable.
On the outskirts of fairbanks, an oil pipeline runs through Alaska along the highway. Although the explanation desk is closed in winter, you can still walk directly under the oil pipeline. Imagine that the crude oil from the northern seabed, with the temperature exceeding 100 degrees Celsius, flows through the oil pipeline crossing Alaska's vast wilderness alone and travels for several kilometers to the port of Wadiz in the south. The oil pipeline crossing the Tanana River is supported by two piers, which looks like the Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco from a distance. Visitors can also look for the landscape of glaciers flowing into the lake according to the map, but at this time, the lake has been frozen, and the lake is covered with thick snow, and it is impossible to tell where the boundary between glaciers and lakes is.
The earth can be said to be a huge magnet. The magnetic field lines extend from the north and south poles and form a protective layer around the earth, which protects all kinds of creatures living on the earth from harmful radiation from space. The solar wind from the sun is a plasma stream that carries a variety of charged particles. When it blows over the earth, most of the plasma flow is blocked by the earth's magnetic field, and a few penetrate from the polar regions. When these charged particles collide with molecules in the atmosphere, the so-called aurora is produced in sufficient quantities. Because there are many kinds of molecules that make up the atmosphere, aurora also has many colors, green, yellow, blue, white and red, among which green is the most. A local girl told me that she had never seen it before, and what she wanted to see most was the pink aurora.
Aurora only appears at an altitude of more than 80 kilometers, which is completely different from clouds generated at low altitude, so it can only be seen in a clear night sky with stars. In the dark starry sky background, the aurora like a big curtain can quickly approach from a distance, pass overhead and disappear on the other side of the horizon; It may also be staged in front of you, and various styling shows are dazzling; Some people even say that during the aurora, accompanying sounds can be heard. If so, it is definitely the most beautiful sound show in nature.