Some simple and easy methods to identify the texture of gold and silver utensils have been accumulated from experience. (1) Gold has a high density. Generally speaking, the same volume of metal products, gold products are much heavier, and products that are too light must be fakes. (2) Gold and silver have low hardness, soft texture and strong ductility. If a metal object is lightly scratched on a gold and silver product, it will generally leave a sunken genuine product and a scratched fake product. (3) The chemical properties of gold and silver are relatively stable, especially gold, which is not easy to oxidize in the air, while copper and iron products are easy to oxidize and rust. In acidic liquid (such as dilute hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, etc. ), the color of gold remains the same, while copper products will lose their luster only when they come into contact with nitric acid. If it is gold-plated, the gold-plated surface is easy to fall off, not only the falling part is easy to rust, but also the gold-plated surface is easy to be covered by copper. Of course, when ancient gold and silver wares were unearthed, some surfaces were covered with copper rust, especially silverware. This situation is due to the fact that gold and silver utensils come into contact with other corrosive copper before being unearthed, such as being buried with bronze utensils and being polluted by copper rust. Another reason is that the texture of most ancient silverware is made of copper alloy with specific composition. When copper is oxidized and corroded, a layer of patina will form on silverware. However, in this case, most of the objects can be restored by rust removal. In addition, experienced people can also distinguish the authenticity of gold and silver objects by sound, taste, color and feel. However, this requires long-term accumulation of rich practical experience. It is difficult to determine the manufacturing age of gold and silver wares. Modern scientific and technological means have reached a relatively accurate level in identifying the texture of utensils, but there is still nothing to do with the age identification of utensils. Mainly rely on the accumulation of experience and a set of more effective scientific methods formed on this basis. Generally speaking, the identification of the age of gold and silver vessels is inseparable from the study of the inscriptions on the vessels, the determination of the age of unearthed tombs, and the analysis and research of the shape, decoration and manufacturing technology of the vessels. In contrast, the study of inscriptions on artifacts is the most direct and important foundation. If there are no inscriptions or inscriptions on gold and silver vessels, it is extremely difficult to determine their manufacturing age. Judging from the development of China's gold and silver wares, the inscriptions on the gold and silver wares before the Tang Dynasty are rare. After the Tang Dynasty, especially after the Song and Yuan Dynasties, the number of gold and silver with inscriptions increased significantly. Although there are no inscriptions on some gold and silver vessels, they can be estimated indirectly by the inscriptions on other similar gold and silver vessels accompanying the same place. The determination of the age of unearthed tombs is undoubtedly of great reference value for determining the age of gold and silver vessels. However, due to the inheritance of gold and silver utensils themselves, they can be passed down from generation to generation over the years. Therefore, other evidence is needed to determine whether the manufacture of gold and silver utensils belongs to the same era as the burial time. It should be said that studying the shape, decoration, manufacturing technology and inscription of utensils is the most widely used method to determine the age of utensils at present. Because the artifacts of each era inevitably bear the brand of that era and have the unique style characteristics of that era.