Du Fu [Tang Dynasty]
Who is cuter than her? However, she lives alone in an empty valley.
She told me that she came from a good family and now she is humble to the dust.
When the problem appeared in the customs area, her brother and close relatives were killed.
What's the use of them in high positions, they can't even protect their own lives? .
The world is dismissive of adversity, and hope will go out like the light of a candle.
Her husband, with a wandering heart, is looking for a new face like jade.
When the morning glory is rolled up at night, the mandarin ducks lie side by side.
He can only see the smile of his new love, but he can't hear the cry of his old love.
The stream is pure at the source of the mountain, but its water turns dark far away from the mountain.
Wait for her maid to come back after selling pearls, and then she needs straw to build the roof.
She picked some flowers, not for her hair, but for letting pine needles fall from her fingers.
She forgot the thin silk sleeves and the cold, and leaned against a tall bamboo.
Translation and annotation
translate
There is an incomparable beauty who lives in seclusion in an empty valley.
She said that she was a woman in the palace, and she was reduced to being a soldier.
In the past, the Guanzhong area suffered from war, and all my brothers were killed by rebels.
What's the use of being above? His brother's bones cannot be buried.
Secular human feelings hate decadent families, and everything is like a candle that turns with the wind.
My husband, a frivolous child, abandoned me and married a beautiful new person.
Acacia knows that flowers bloom at night, and mandarin ducks never pair up alone.
The husband only sees the new couple laughing, where can he hear the old man crying?
Spring water is clear in the mountains, but it is turbid when it comes out of the mountains.
Let the maid sell jewelry for a living, and lead Luo Qing to repair the hut.
I don't want to get stuck in my head when I pick flowers, but I like to pick cypress branches full of wrinkles.
The weather is cold and the clothes are particularly thin. At dusk, I leaned on the slender bamboo alone.
Rhyme translation
There is a beautiful woman living in seclusion in a secluded valley.
She said: "I am a lady, and I only attach myself to vegetation when I am wandering."
I think my brothers were brutally killed during the Chang 'an chaos.
What's the use of standing on top and being famous? You can't adopt my own flesh and blood
The world hates decline, and everything is like a candle swaying in the wind.
I didn't expect my husband to be a frivolous man who married Yan Ruyu's bride.
There is a season when lovesickness blooms and flowers fall, and there is also a season when lovebirds are not alone.
I have been teasing new people, so who cares if I am an old man crying? ! "
The spring water in the mountain is clear and transparent, and the spring water out of the mountain will be turbid.
The maid who sells jewelry has just returned, pulling rattan to repair the broken hut.
Picked wildflowers don't like stuffing, and picked cypresses are full.
In cold weather, beauty wears thin clothes and leans against long bamboo in the sunset.
To annotate ...
Peerless: the highest in the contemporary era, unparalleled in the world. Beauty: A beautiful woman.
Seclusion: quiet in the boudoir, quiet and self-sustaining.
Scattered: falling. Yicaomu: Living in the mountains.
Annihilation: Death and disaster refer to the chaos in times of peace and prosperity.
Official rank: refers to the official rank of a girl.
Flesh and blood: refers to a brother in distress.
Turn the candle: the candle turns with the wind, which means that the world is changing.
Husband: Husband.
Newcomer: refers to the husband's new wife.
Faint: Flowers bloom at night and leaves open at night.
Yuanyang: Waterbirds, male and female in pairs, stay together day and night.
Old man: beauty claims to be.
Sell pearls: sell jewelry because you are poor.
Radish pulling: Pick up the branches of vines. It is also about the poverty of beautiful women.
Cabbage: picking cypress leaves. Move: Often.
Xiuzhu: Gaozhu. Metaphor beautiful noble moral integrity. ▲
Comments:
This poem is about the unfortunate experience of a woman abandoned in the war. She comes from a good family, but she was unlucky when she was born.
At that time, in the An-Shi War, the brother who was originally a senior official was killed, and her husband abandoned her when he saw her family's decline.
She, so she is homeless in society. However, she was not crushed by misfortune and did not yield to fate; She swallowed raw food.
Living in bitter water, living in an empty valley, living by vegetation, determined to observe festivals, just like a mountain spring. This kind of poverty, chastity and self-control.
This spirit is really worthy of praise.
The whole poem is euphemistic, tearful and touching. "This stream is pure at its mountain source, mountain.
Turbid Water Stream profoundly embodies the philosophy of life.
The hero of this poem is a woman who was abandoned in the war. In the figure gallery of China classical literature, this is a unique and distinctive female image.
At the beginning of the poem, this peerless beauty who lives in an empty valley is introduced, and then it is introduced by Ziyun, and the beauty tells her life experience. She said that she was born in a famous family, but she was born at the wrong time and caught up with social unrest; Although the brother was in a high position, he died tragically in the army, and even his bones could not be buried. In this society where the human world changes with the transfer of power, fate is especially cruel to unfortunate people. Due to the death of her family, her frivolous husband mercilessly abandoned her and went to have fun with her new lover in her crying. Social, family and personal disasters followed one after another, all of which befell this weak woman. The heroine's long monologue, while narrating, discusses and pours out personal misfortunes, laments that the world is cold, and her words are full of grief and grievances. In particular, the comparison between the metaphor of "when the morning glory is rolled up at night and the mandarin ducks are lying side by side" and "what he can see is the smile of his new lover, but the old lover cries but can't hear it" makes people want to see her tearful expression.
However, the heroine was not crushed by misfortune, nor did she give in to fate. She swallowed the bitter fruit of life, went to the mountains alone and lived beside the vegetation. The last six sentences of the poem mainly describe the desolate situation of seclusion in the deep valley. The thatched cottage needs mending, the green sleeves are thin, pearls are sold as a livelihood, and cypress wood is used as food, which shows the poverty and embarrassment of a better life; The first one has no decoration and no flower arrangement in her hair. When it is cold and dusk, she leans against the bamboo to face the wind, revealing haggard and inner loneliness and sadness. The situation of beautiful women is miserable both materially and spiritually. Fortunately, there is also a diligent maid-in-waiting If she goes out, she will sell her old things. If she comes back, she will make up the house and live alone with her master. How lonely it would be otherwise!
While describing the beauty's lonely life with Fu, the poet also praised her noble and self-sufficient character with Bi Xing. Of course, "building a roof for straw"-a simple and quiet environment, "picking flowers without arranging flowers"-has shown a beautiful woman's pure and simple heart; However, the descriptions of "letting pine needles slip through fingers" and "she leans against a tall bamboo in the sunset" link the image of a beautiful woman with symbols of lofty qualities such as "bamboo" and "cypress", thus suggesting to readers: Don't you think this ill-fated woman is like cold-resistant cypress and tall and straight bamboo? Similarly, "the mountain stream is pure and the water outside the mountain is dark" also symbolizes the noble sentiment of the heroine. The turbidity of mountains and rivers is a foil to the clarity of mountains and rivers, and the core lies in the word "Qing". The poet wants to compare the purity of mountain spring water with the purity of empty valley beauty, which is the same as the mechanism of "leaning on bamboo" and "picking cypress"
Fate is tragic and sentiment is noble, which are two sides of a beautiful woman's image. The poet described these two aspects of the characters and adopted different names in his writing. Narrating the fate of beautiful women is the first-person talk, and the tone is straightforward and bright; Praising the beauty's character is a third-person description with implicit style. Frank and hearty, so touching, causing readers to * * * sound; Implied, so intriguing, leaving readers room for imagination. The combination of the two makes the heroine's image full of tragedy and sublimity.
Regarding the intention of this poem, Huang Sheng, a person from A Qing Dynasty, said: "It is appropriate for me to pretend to be this poem by chance." This poem was written in the autumn of the second year of Gan Yuan (759), that is, the fifth year after the Anshi Rebellion. Earlier, the poet had no choice but to resign from the post of Four Duke of Huazhou and join the army. Forced to make a living, he took his wife over Longshan and came to the remote Qin Zhou. Du Fu tried his best to serve the Tang court, but he was heartbroken and fell into the dilemma of abandoning his official and drifting. However, he never forgot the fate of the country and the nation when he was faced with many difficulties and had no food and clothing. This kind of injustice, this kind of moral integrity, is very similar to the heroine of this poem. "We are not happy-until the end of the day, we met. We understand. What is the relationship between acquaintances? Du Fu's beauty should be regarded as a masterpiece combining objective reflection with subjective sustenance.