Basic introduction \x0d\ Yuanmingyuan PARK or THEOLDSUMMERPALACE\x0d\ \ Location and scale \x0d\\x0d\ Yuanmingyuan is located in the northwest suburb of Beijing and the east of Haidian District. It is a world-famous royal garden. Originally a large-scale royal garden in the Qing Dynasty, it covers an area of about 5,200 mu and has an inverted zigzag layout. Yuanmingyuan consists of Yuanmingyuan, Changchun Garden and Qichun Garden, with a total area of 350 hectares. \x0d\ The land building area of Yuanmingyuan is as big as the Forbidden City, and the water area is equal to a Summer Palace. \ x0d \ x0d \ Origin of the name \ x0d \ x0d "Yuanmingyuan" was named by Emperor Kangxi. The three-character plaque of Michelle Ye Imperial Book hangs on the lintel of Yuanmingyuan. Why is it called Yuanmingyuan? Yong Zhengdi has an explanation, saying that the word "Yuanming" means: "Round and fascinating, the gentleman is also in the middle; Bright and shining, the wisdom of talents is also. " It means "round", that is, a person's moral character is perfect, beyond ordinary people; "Ming" means bright, perfect and wise political achievements. This can be said to be the ideal standard for the ruling class to flaunt the wisdom of the monarch in feudal times. \ x0d \ x0d \ Landscape Architecture Features \ x0d \ x0d \ Yuanmingyuan combines the characteristics of several famous gardens in the south of the Yangtze River at that time, melts the essence of ancient gardening art in China, and melts poetry and painting into ever-changing scenes with the artistic techniques of gardens in gardens. The southern part of Yuanmingyuan is the imperial court area, where the emperor handles official business. There are 40 scenic spots in other areas, of which more than 50 scenic spots directly imitate famous gardens in other places, such as the Ten Scenes of West Lake in Hangzhou, not only imitating architecture, but also copying names. More interestingly, Yuanmingyuan also has a western-style garden scenic spot. The most famous "watching water method" is a western-style fountain, a flower maze and a western-style building, all of which have the style of Italian Renaissance. There is also a model of Venice in the lake, and the emperor can enjoy the "water city scenery" thousands of miles away from the mountain on the shore. \ x0d \ x0d \ At that time, the palace buildings were built with a lot of wood, which easily caused fires. In addition, the summer weather is hot, and the walls of the palace are very high, so it is impossible to ventilate. The whole palace is like a stove, so it is impossible to live in it. There is a clearing 20 miles away from the palace. Kangxi wants to build a garden where he can enjoy himself. \ x0d \ x0d \ Unfortunately, in 1860, the British and French allied forces looted the Yuanmingyuan, and the buildings in the park were burned and the cultural relics were looted, leaving the miraculous and mythical Yuanmingyuan in ruins, leaving only broken walls for tourists to mourn. \ x0d \ x0d \ artistic features \ x0d \ x0d \ Yuanmingyuan is a treasure house, which contains rare cultural relics such as calligraphy and painting of famous people, books and records of secret government, Zhong Ding treasures, gold and silver jewelry and so on, and condenses the essence of ancient culture. Yuanmingyuan is also a garden of exotic flowers and plants, with millions of rare flowers and trees. Westerners who have witnessed Yuanmingyuan completely call her "the king of ten thousand gardens". Indeed, if today is the same as 140 years ago, this super giant garden is well-deserved "the king of world gardens". \ x0d \ x0d \ Yuanmingyuan "beauty pageant \ x0d \ x0d \ According to the ancestral system of the Qing Dynasty, in order to ensure the purity of the banners, Han women were not allowed to enter the palace. What alternatives does the emperor have? That is to build a place called the Royal Garden. \ x0d \ x0d \ About how the Manchu emperor collected beautiful women from all over the country and then gathered in Yuanmingyuan. There is such a record in the historical materials that all Manchu and Mongolian girls who are over 14 and under 20 years old must sign up for the election. Emperor Xianfeng said, "Class One is a flag girl, which is not beneficial." The director said, "Long live the son and the rich Lord forever. It's just an appeal to the imperial edict to let the provinces choose women to serve, which will make the calligraphy too real and can be realized. "In less than half a year, Nanzhong has provided dozens of Han women to serve in Yuanmingyuan and live separately in pavilions. Among them, there are four people who are most popular. Emperor Xianfeng named them Mudanchun, Xinghuachun, Wulinchun and Haitangchun. \x0d\x0d\ historical development \ x0d \ Yuanmingyuan is a famous imperial garden in the Qing Dynasty. Yuanming Three Gardens covers an area of more than 5,200 mu, with more than 50 scenic spots/kloc-0. Among them, the most famous ones are Guangming Hall in Zheng Da, Anyou Palace for ancestor worship, high-rise buildings with high water in feast mountains, Pengdao Yaotai simulating pavilions on Fairy Mountain, and Wuling Spring Scenery in Peach Blossom Garden. Some famous gardens in the south of the Yangtze River, such as the Lion Forest in Suzhou and the Ten Scenes of the West Lake in Hangzhou, are also imitations. Changchun Garden also has a group of European-style buildings, commonly known as the West Building. Yuanmingyuan is also a large royal museum with many treasures, books and artistic masterpieces. The following is the historical development of Yuanmingyuan and related historical events: \ x0d \ x0d \ Kangxi period \ x0d \ x0d \ Kangxi forty-eight years (1709), Emperor Kangxi (the Qing sage) gave a garden promised by his fourth son Yin _ in the northwest of Beijing, and signed the name of the garden. \ x0d \ x0d \ x0d \ Yongzheng period \ x0d \ x0d \ Yongzheng three years (1725), Yong Zhengdi (that is, the Qing Emperor Zongyin _) built a palace office in the south of Yuanmingyuan, with an area of more than 3,000 mu from the original 600 mu. From then on, Yuanmingyuan was not only a place for the Qing emperors to rest and visit, but also a place for them to meet foreign envoys and handle their daily affairs. \ x0d \ x0d \ x0d \ Qianlong period \ x0d \ x0d \ Qianlong emperor (that is, Emperor Li Hong, Emperor Gaozong of the Qing Dynasty) ascended the throne, the garden landscape in Yuanmingyuan was adjusted, the architectural groups were increased, and Changchun Garden and Qichun Garden were built in the east and southeast of Yuanmingyuan (renamed Wanchun Garden in Tongzhi period). These three gardens are all managed by the management minister of Yuanmingyuan, which is called Yuanming Three Gardens. \ x0d \ x0d \ Xianfeng years \ x0d \ Xianfeng decade (1860) August, British and French allied forces invaded Beijing. On October 6th, 65438/kloc-0, Yuanmingyuan was occupied. From the next day, the officers and men began to rob and destroy crazily. In order to force the Qing government to accept the conditions of peace as soon as possible, British Minister Erkin and British Commander Grant ordered Lieutenant General Mitchell to lead more than 3,500 invading troops to Yuanmingyuan on June+65,4381October+10/October 8, 5438 on the pretext that the Qing government had imprisoned British and French prisoners in Yuanmingyuan. The fire lasted for three days and nights. \x0d\\x0d\ Tongzhi years \ x0d \ x0d \ Tongzhi years (1862 ~ 1874), Tongzhi emperor prepared to restore Yuanmingyuan for Empress Dowager Cixi to live in. Later, due to financial difficulties, it was forced to stop work and rebuild other buildings. 1900, Eight-Nation Alliance invaded Beijing, and the Yuanmingyuan was destroyed again. After the demise of the Qing Dynasty, some warlords, politicians and bureaucrats stole the building materials of Yuanmingyuan, and the site of Yuanmingyuan was further destroyed. \ x0d \ x0d \ People's Republic of China (PRC) \ x0d \ x0d \ People's Republic of China (PRC) was established, and the state attached great importance to the protection of Yuanmingyuan site. 1979, Yuanmingyuan site was listed as a key cultural relics protection unit in Beijing. After that, the repair work of Yuanmingyuan site gradually began. Now it has become the Yuanmingyuan Ruins Park. \x0d\\x0d\ architecture \x0d\ historical background \x0d\\x0d\ Manchu people have lived in Heilongjiang valley in northeast China for generations. /kloc-In the middle of the 7th century, it invaded North China on a large scale, completely overthrew the Ming Dynasty, entered Beijing from the northeast as the capital, seized the national political power, and established the last feudal ruling dynasty in history-the Qing Dynasty. Because the Qing rulers lived a nomadic life in the northeast before entering the customs, with snow-covered forests in winter and cool climate in summer. After entering the customs, they didn't adapt to the dry and hot climate in Beijing in midsummer. Although the Forbidden City is resplendent and magnificent, the emperors of the Qing Dynasty found it dull and dreary. Especially in the early years of Kangxi, after the fire broke out in the Forbidden City, a high palace wall was built to prevent fire and court riots. The courtyards in the palace set each other off and became interesting. The water in the stream was so gentle that it almost became stagnant water. At that time, the imperial city was once known as the "red wall, green tile and black sewer". This made the emperors a little tired of the palace life surrounded by high walls, so they began to build gardens in the early years of Kangxi, which lasted for more than 200 years. \ x0d \ x0d \ The influence of landforms and buildings in past dynasties on the construction of Yuanmingyuan \ x0d \ x0d \ In the western suburbs of Beijing, there are various landforms, including Yuquan Mountain, Wanshou Mountain, Wanquanzhuang and Beihai. There are artesian springs everywhere, which merge into lakes and ponds in low-lying areas. Yuquan landscape flows into Kunming Lake from west to east, becoming the largest water surface in the western suburbs. Ancient working people lived and worked hard here, and cultivated a large area of paddy fields, forming a natural scenic spot. As early as Liao Dynasty, the feudal emperors chose this place to build Yuquan Mountain Palace. In the Ming dynasty, the natural scenery here attracted more tourists, so some dignitaries occupied the countryside to build villas, and large areas of land were occupied by pieces. During the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, Hou Liwei, the closest relative of the Ming Dynasty, built a lot of buildings here, first of all, the Tsinghua campus, which is known as the "first garden in Beijing" (so it is located outside the western wall of Peking University). Later, Mi led the lake to garden outside the east wall of Tsinghua campus, and managed the elegant and beautiful "spoon garden", which means "Haidian spoon". In the open countryside, pavilions and lakes and mountains complement each other and become a famous garden gathering place in the suburbs of Beijing. In the Qing dynasty, the emperor also took a fancy to the western suburbs, an excellent gardening place. This is how the large-scale construction of gardens began.