Lu Xun (188 1- 1936), formerly known as Zhou Shuren, was born in Shaoxing, Zhejiang. China proletarian writer, thinker and revolutionary in the 20th century, the founder of modern literature in China.

Masterpiece: Diary of a Madman, the first vernacular novel in the history of modern literature in China, used the pseudonym of Lu Xun for the first time; The novella The True Story of Ah Q, Collection of Memories Prose, Collection of Novels, Scream, Wandering, Collection of Prose Poems, Weeds, etc.

Creation background

When Lu Xun wrote Flowers in the Morning, he was already an important writer in the literary world. 1926 after the "March 18th" tragedy, Lu Xun wrote articles such as "In memory of Liu Hezhen Jun", angrily denounced the shameless behavior of the government, and was persecuted by the government, so he had to live a wandering life.

Despite his hard life, he wrote a lot of prose poems and three essays, such as Twenty-four Filial Pieties, Five Classics, and Impermanence, which were later compared with Dogs written by Lu Xun before the tragedy. Cat? Mice, A Chang and Shan Hai Jing were included in the collection of essays "Flowers in the Morning and Flowers in the Evening".

1926 In September, Lu Xun accepted the invitation of Xiamen University to teach in the south, but he only stayed in Xiamen University for more than four months because he found that the air in Xiamen University was as dirty as that in Beijing. Lu Xun saw the ugly faces of all kinds of intellectuals here and attacked them mercilessly.

After his busy teaching work, Lu Xun wrote many works, including five essays: From Baicaoyuan to San Tan Yin Yue, Father's Disease, Notes, Mr. Fujino and Fan Ainong. These five essays and five other essays written in Beijing constitute the whole of Flowers in the Morning. Morning Flowers and Evening Flowers was published in 1927.

Knowledge list

1. Dog? Cat? mouse

In this article, Mr. Lu Xun liquidated the crimes of cats: first, cats always play with their prey to the fullest, and then eat it; Second, it is related to liger, but he is born with a coquetry; Third, always howling, annoying; Fourth, it ate a little hidden mouse that I loved when I was a child.

Although it turned out that it wasn't the cat, I wouldn't have a good impression on the cat, not to mention that it did eat the rabbit later! This paper takes "cat" as the type, sharply and vividly satirizes people who are similar to cats in life.

2. Chang and Shan Hai Jing

Chang was Lu Xun's nanny when he was a child. Describe the scene of getting along with Chang when I was a child, and describe the kindness, simplicity, superstition and nagging character of my eldest mother. "Eating a full stomach is troublesome etiquette"; I am full of respect and gratitude to her for finding and giving her a long-awaited painting "Shan Hai Jing". The article expresses the sincere memory of this working woman in affectionate language.

3. "Twenty-four filial piety pictures"

The so-called "Twenty-four Filial Pieties" is a book telling the story of twenty-four filial sons in ancient China, with pictures, and its main purpose is to promote feudal filial piety. Starting with the feelings of reading Twenty-four Filial Piety Pictures when he was a child, Mr. Lu Xun emphatically described the strong antipathy caused by reading two stories, Lao Lai Entertainment and Guo Ju Burying the Son, vividly exposing the hypocrisy and cruelty of feudal filial piety and the pity of children in China.

4. "Five Tibetan Clubs"

The spiced meeting is a meeting of gods, and it is a festival of my childhood. Describe the eagerness and excitement of looking forward to seeing God when I was a child, and the feeling of disappointment and pain when my father forced me to carry my sword. It pointed out that compulsory feudal education suppressed and destroyed children's nature.

5. impermanence

Impermanence is a ghost with human feelings. When he was hot-headed, he saw his mother crying her dead son so sadly and decided to let him "go back to the sun for half an hour." As a result, he was beaten forty times by his boss, Yan Luowang. When recalling impermanence, the article occasionally adds a few ironies to the so-called gentleman in reality, and the illusory impermanence gives some comfort to Lu Xun's lonely and sad heart at that time.

6. From Baicaoyuan to San Tan Yin Yue

This paper describes the fun of childhood at home and the boring study life of reflecting the moon in Santan, reveals the sharp contradiction between children's extensive life interest and feudal bookcase education that fetters children's nature, and expresses the reasonable requirements for children's healthy and lively growth.

7. Father's illness

The death of his father by a quack has always been a pain buried in Lu Xun's heart. Focusing on the memory of my father's delayed treatment when he was a child, this paper describes the attitudes, styles and prescriptions of several "famous doctors" and reveals the essence of these people's ignorance, mystifying, extortion and disregard for human life.

8. "Notes"

In this article, Lu Xun mainly recalled the process of leaving Shaoxing for Nanjing to study. The work describes the disadvantages and difficulties of studying in Jiangnan Navy School and Mining Railway School at that time, and criticizes the "cigar smoke" of Westernization School. The author described his excitement when he first came into contact with the theory of evolution. He read the theory of evolution hungrily despite the opposition of the older generation and showed a strong desire to explore the truth.

9. Mr Fujino

This paper records the author's study life while studying in Japan, and describes the process of being discriminated against and insulted by Japanese students in Sendai Medical College and deciding to abandon medicine and join literature. The author highlights the rigor, integrity, enthusiasm and noble character of Mr. Fujino, a Japanese teacher, and expresses his deep nostalgia for Mr. Fujino.

10. Fan Ainong

This paper traces several life segments of the author's contact with Fan Ainong when he returned from Japan, and describes Fan Ainong's experience of pursuing revolution because he was dissatisfied with the dark society before the revolution and being persecuted after the Revolution of 1911, showing his disappointment with the old democratic revolution and his sympathy and mourning for this upright and stubborn patriot.

Character image

The four main characters in Morning Flowers and Evening Flowers are the author's nanny, teacher, friend and father.

1. Chang Mama

There is ignorance and superstition, but she has pure and kind love that the author will never forget. From The Longevity Mother, we can see Lu Xun's feelings for the working people at the bottom: he not only exposed their ignorance and numbness, but also praised their beauty and kindness.

2. Mr. Fujino

A foreign medical professor, because he shows an equal attitude towards others and cares about the study of people in weak countries, his simple and great personality is awe-inspiring. Everything he does is ordinary. If you don't imagine Lu Xun's situation at that time, it is difficult to feel the greatness of this teacher.

3. Fan Ainong

An awakened intellectual can't stand in a dark society. He can't compromise with this society like a madman, nor can he forget it like Mr. N, so his heart is painful and sad. Like Lu Xun, we suspect that he committed suicide.

4. Father

My father once puzzled Lu Xun when he was a child, because he ordered him to endorse when he went to see the No.5 Club in high spirits. However, Lu Xun never accused his father. What he repented was that he didn't let his father die quietly, which made his mind restless and miserable forever. We felt the deep love of Lu Xun.

Means of artistic expression

1. Narration, description, lyricism and discussion are organically integrated, full of poetry and painting. For example, describing the scenery of the Herb Garden is fascinating.

2. In the deep memory of the past, the author can't forget the reality, and insert some "essays" (that is, comment on the reality) from time to time, showing the true and rich inner world of Mr. Lu Xun.

Such as "cat? Dogs? The article "Mouse" not only has the author's deep memories of a cute little hidden mouse in his childhood, but also vividly tells the folk story told by his grandmother, and also reveals the true colors of gentlemen who look like cats in reality.

3. Be good at absorbing the small details in life, seeing the big from the small, writing the charm of characters and writing the essence of events. For example, impermanence, starting from the fact that impermanence also has a wife and children, not only writes the characteristics of impermanence full of human feelings, but also cleverly satirizes those hypocritical intellectuals in life.

The author often uses irony when criticizing and satirizing the old feudal system and morality. Describing the whole story calmly on the surface is actually an irony, which implies the ingenious irony of "saying this and meaning that". For example, in "Father", the process of quack practicing medicine is explained in detail, and there is no positive accusation and irony, but between the lines, the author's angry criticism and irony are everywhere.

The author often uses contrast in his prose. For example, "Wu Cang Hui" expresses my disgust and criticism of feudal society through the comparison of mood before and after; By comparing Ghosts with real people, impermanence profoundly depicts the ugly faces of some people whose personalities are not as good as ghosts in real life. The author's love for mice is in sharp contrast to his strong hatred for cats.

Common problems of "flowers in the morning and flowers in the evening"

Fill in the blanks

1, "Morning Flowers Picking Up in the Evening" is Lu Xun's only collection of essays. Ten articles in the book are Lu Xun's memories of different life experiences and experiences in childhood, adolescence and youth. We learned something (from Baicao Garden to San Tan Yin Yue), (A Chang and Shan Hai Jing), (Mr. Fujino) and so on.

2. "Flowers in the morning and flowers in the evening" ("Remembering the past") was originally named Lu Xun's collection of reminiscence essays. Please briefly introduce the main content of one of them (except what you learned in class):

(The main content of "Twenty-four filial piety pictures": When I was a child, my partner and I really didn't have any good picture books to read. My earliest album was Twenty-four Filial Pieties. Among them, the two things that puzzled me the most, even made me sick, were "Lao Lai entertaining relatives" and "Guo Ju burying children". )。

3. Lu Xun, formerly known as (Zhou Shuren), was born in Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province, and was a great scientist in modern (literary), (ideological) and (revolutionary) China.

The author mentioned in his notes that he likes reading a book (Evolution).

5. In "Club Five", my father asked me to recite ("Jian lue"), which made me feel pain.

6. Me and many people like to watch it in God of Games.

7. Wu Canghui described the author's eagerness and excitement when he was a child, and exposed the suppression of feudal education on children's nature.

8. In Mr. Fujino, Lu Xun deeply expressed his nostalgia for a gentleman who was honest and enthusiastic in Japan and had no national prejudice.

9. Mr. Lu Xun once described the difference between the new school and the old school in his essays.

10. When Lu Xun was a child, he liked playing in (Herb Garden) best.

1 1 Mr. Fujino describes the author's study life when he was studying in Japan, and describes several fragments of his acquaintance, getting along and parting with Mr. Fujino, which shows an important turning point in his life when he was in Sendai Medical College.

12, "good. Then, let's go! " The sentence "find another person" comes from Lu Xun's (notes).

13, Lu Xun used the word (cigar smoke) to satirize the Westernization School in his essay notes.

14. The poem in "Song of Eternal Sorrow" quoted in "Flowers in the Morning" is (above, he looks for the green void, below, the yellow spring, but he can't find the person he is looking for in two places).

15, "Dog? Cat? In The Mouse, when the author was a child, he posted two pieces of flower paper on the bedside: (Eight Pigeons' Daughter-in-law) and (The Mouse Marries).

16, Lu Xun felt sorry for the children in China when he saw the pupils happily watching Children's World.

There are six main characters in 17, Morning Flowers and Evening Picks, including a simple and kind nanny (big mother), a teacher who is rigorous in his studies and treats others equally (Mr. Fujino), amiable and without ethnic discrimination, an upright, stubborn and cowardly friend of an awakened intellectual (Fan Ainong), strict and caring (Zhou Boyi) and selfish.

18. In the article "Mr. Fujino", the reasons for the author's "abandoning medicine to follow the literature" are (movie viewing incident) and (anonymous letter incident). Expressed his feelings (strong patriotism).

Second, multiple choice questions

1, "impermanence", the image of "ghost and man, reason and emotion", is loved by the people for the following reasons: (d)

First, the image looks good

B, lively and humorous

C, can hook away the soul of the wicked

D, a fair judge is in the underworld.

2. Among Mr. Fujino, the author gave up medicine and devoted himself to literature for the following reasons: (c)

First, being discriminated against by Japanese classmates

B. Mr. Wang doesn't value himself

C, save the national spirit

It is too difficult to study medicine.

3. Flowers bloom in the morning, and a long person's personality left a deep impression on us. Which of the following is not a long person's personality characteristic (C)?

A, superstition B, informal section

C, sloppy D, simple

4. What is the medicine cited by the United Arab League and Lu Xun's father? (2)

A, a pair of ants B, a pair of crickets

C, a pack of bitter vegetables d, neither.

5, "Xiaozi Notes", after YanTaitai told Lu Xun about stealing jewels, did she make a rumor (A)?

A, it's B, it's not.

6. Choose the correct answer (D)

First, Lu Xun wrote "Fan" just to recall the past, remember and miss.

B, Fan Ainong doesn't like or even hate her husband, so he doesn't advocate sending a telegram when her husband dies.

Fan Ainong in Lu Xun's memory is very bad.

Fan Ainong tells several life segments of Lu Xun's contact with Fan Ainong during his study in Japan and after his return to China.

7, the following article does not belong to the "morning flowers pick up in the evening" is (a)

A, kite B, impermanence

C, father's illness D, Mr. Fujino

8, "flowers in the morning" describes that Lu Xun went to Nanjing to study in order to find "another kind of person" (B)

A, musashi hui b, notes

C, "Father's Disease" D, "Impermanence"

9. The country where Lu Xun studied medicine in his early years was (A)

A, Japan B, the United States C, the Soviet Union D, Britain

10, Fan Ainong and Lu Xun first met in: (c)

A, Tokyo B, Beiping C, Yokohama D, Shaoxing

1 1. In Morning Flowers and Evening Picks, Lu Xun satirizes life with ghosts, satirizes the world with the underworld, and ridicules the "gentleman" to the fullest. Which article is it? (2)

A, "trivia" b, "impermanence"

C, "Twenty-four Filial Pieties" D, "Dogs, Cats and Mice"

12, the following article does not mention "Mother Dragon": (d)

A, Dog, Cat and Mouse B, Cabin 5 Club

C. Twenty-four filial piety pictures D. Notes

13, "This is a tall man with long hair and white eyes. He always looks at people as if he ignores them." This passage describes: (b)

A, Kong Yiji B, Fan Ainong

C. Mr. Fujino and Mr. Shou Jason Wu

Third, short answer questions

1. What features does the author hate about cats?

A: The cat steals fish and barks in the tree at night.

2. Why does Lu Xun often recall Mr. Fujino? What's the purpose?

A: Reason: "Of all the teachers I think, he is the one who makes me most grateful and encouraged."

Goal: draw strength from Mr. Fujino's noble character and continue to fight against "gentleman"

3. Why is the impermanence image created in Impermanence loved by the people?

Answer: Because there is no justice on earth, the wicked can't get what they deserve. "Justice is judged in the underworld".

4. Summarize the main contents of the work of twenty-four filial piety.

A: The Twenty-four Filial Paintings started with children's books at that time, and recalled the feelings of reading the Twenty-four Filial Paintings when I was a child, exposing the hypocrisy and cruelty of feudal filial piety. The stories of filial piety, such as "Seeking carp on the ice", "Old Lai entertaining relatives" and "Guo Ju burying children", are emphatically analyzed, accusing this feudal filial piety of ignoring children's lives, taking "nausea as pleasure" and "disrespecting the ancients and teaching future generations badly". The work sharply criticized the tendency of opposing vernacular Chinese and advocating retro at that time.

The real title of "morning flowers and evening flowers" over the years

Beijing senior high school entrance examination online collated the real questions of "morning flowers and evening flowers" that appeared in the same pattern in all districts in previous years. You can test whether you can do it.

20 17 dongcheng ermo

13. In the first volume of the eighth grade Chinese textbook published by People's Education Press, "Introduction to Famous Books", the essay collection "Picking Flowers in the Morning" by Lu Xun was introduced with the title of "Warm Memories and Rational Criticism". Please talk about your understanding of this title with the specific content of "Picking Flowers in the Morning". (2 points)

A:

_______________________________________________________________

20 17 Xicheng ermo

13. At the reading exchange meeting of famous books, the students discussed and exchanged flowers in the morning and Robinson Crusoe respectively.

(1) After watching the flowers in the morning, the students extracted the following keywords in the discussion. Please choose one and talk about your understanding based on the contents of this book. (2 points)

Warm, rational and frank criticism

Words: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Understanding: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

(2) After reading Robinson Crusoe, students will evaluate Robinson according to the plot of the novel. Please take part in the discussion. (2 points)

Some classmate: Robinson is an adventurous person. He is not willing to live a carefree ordinary life, take risks at sea and pursue his own wealth ideal.

Classmate B: Robinson is a greedy man. When he arrived at the desert island, he regarded everything as his private property, even on Friday. I think Robinson is a _ _ _ _ _ _ _. He _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

20 17 Haidian Ermo

1 1. Childhood is the background of life. There are many chapters in Lu Xun's prose collection "Flowers at Morning" that show children's nature. In From Herb Garden to San Tan Yin Yue, the plot of breaking wintersweet shows children's closeness to nature. Chang and the author's yearning for Shan Hai Jing expresses children ②; In Dog, Cat and Mouse, I recalled the experience of saving a lovely child in my childhood, showing children's sympathy for the weak. ④ describes the pain of being forced by his father to recite Jian lue when he was looking forward to seeing God when he was a child, and expresses the child's desire for free growth. (2 points)

20 17 Huairou ermo

10. There are not many female images in Morning Flowers and Evening Picks. Besides Chang, there is another one. Her image appeared in Father's Disease and books. Her relationship with Lu Xun is the same neighbor. When I was a child, the author thought she was a good person, but when I grew up, I gradually found that she was a good person. Under her influence, the author did something that his father would never forget when he died of illness. This thing is: (5 points)

20 17 Shunyi, Yimo

12. The collection of essays "Morning Flowers and Evening Picks" reflects the life of Mr. Lu Xun in his youth in many ways. Described the formation process of his personality interest and the course of seeking national glory. For example, ① (event) in Wu Cang Hui, let's compare the relaxed learning atmosphere with respect for students' personality; (2) The events in Mr. Fujino inspire us to know more about being a rigorous person; ③ The events in Father's Disease will make us compare the development of medicine and pay attention to life. (3 points)

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1 1. Complete the questions as required (1)-(3). (5 points)

(1) At the end of an essay "Flowers in the Morning", it reads: "Kind and dark mother earth, may her soul be in your arms forever!" The author expressed her memory with deep and sincere feelings. "She" in the sentence means (1)

(2) The following statements about the content of Morning Flowers and Evening Picks are incorrect:

A. "Father's Disease" recalls the scene of seeking medical treatment for his father as a child, describes the attitudes, styles and prescriptions of several "famous doctors", and reveals the essence of these people's mystifying, extortion and disregard for human life.

B "Fan Ainong" traces the author's sincere friendship with Fan Ainong, who is also an international student in Japan, and the fragments of his life in which he continued to associate with Fan Ainong after returning to China.

C. The essay "Mr. Fujino" recalls the author's sincere nostalgia for Mr. Fujino and praises his noble qualities of integrity, enthusiasm, rigorous scholarship and no narrow national prejudice. He also talked about his ideological change from giving up medicine to taking up literature, which was full of strong patriotic thoughts and feelings.

D. The article "Dog, Cat and Mouse" mainly describes some natures and behaviors of cats and mice, and expounds the reasons why the author hates cats-that is, he doesn't like cats, but also satirizes the enemies at that time by using cats.

(3) There are many intriguing sentences in "Flowers in the Morning", and the source of the following sentences is incorrectly explained.

A. "I seem to have been poured a pot of cold water on my head. But what can we do? Naturally, it is reading, reading, remembering and reciting. " This is the disappointment and helplessness of "I" in Wu Cang Hui.

B. "I always go up and down to find the blackest, blackest and blackest mantra, and first curse all those who oppose and hinder the vernacular." This is Lu Xun's movement in the Twenty-four Filial Pieties to those who opposed the vernacular and advocated retro at that time.

C. "I still don't think there is anything wrong with it. Whenever I am free, I will eat cakes, peanuts and peppers as usual and watch evolution. " This is the author's enthusiasm for seeking truth when studying notes.

D. "I still wonder why my father asked me to endorse at that time." This is the "I" who is puzzled by his father's request for "I" endorsement in "From Herb Garden to San Tan Yin Yue".

20 16 Yimo pinggu

8. Many sentences in "Flowers in the Morning" contain the author's deep affection and need to be carefully tasted. If the source and explanation of the following sentences are incorrect, it will be (2 points).

A. "I always want to go up and down for the blackest, blackest and blackest mantra, and curse all those who oppose and hinder the vernacular first. Even if a person really has a soul after death, he should go to hell because of this worst heart, and he will never repent. He must first curse all those who oppose the vernacular and hinder it. " It's the opening sentence in Musashi Club. Mr. Lu Xun criticized directly, and his indignation was beyond words.

B. "kind and dark mother earth, may her soul be in your arms forever!" " It is the long sentences in Chang and Long Talk that express Mr. Lu Xun's deep memory of Chang, the nanny.

C. "It seems that insects are going to be chaste, and they will either continue their marriage or die again, or even lose their qualification for medicine." It is an ironic sentence in Father's Disease, which shows Mr. Lu Xun's questioning of traditional medicine.

D. "China is a weak country, so China people are of course imbeciles. If the score is above 60, it is not their own ability: no wonder they are confused. " It is a helpless sentence contained in Mr. Fujino, which shows the grief and indignation of Mr. Lu Xun after his national pride was damaged.

Reference answer:

20 17 dongcheng ermo

13. For example, Mr. Fujino recorded the author's study life during his study in Japan, recalled Mr. Fujino's care and help to the author, and expressed his deep nostalgia for Mr. Fujino, which well reflected "warm memories". Twenty-four filial piety pictures tell the author's feelings when he was a child, focusing on the stories of "Lao Lai entertaining his relatives" and "Guo Ju burying his son", criticizing the hypocrisy and cruelty of feudal filial piety and embodying "rational criticism". (2 points)

20 17 Xicheng ermo

13.( 1) Example 1:

Word choice: warmth

Understanding: The article "Chang and Shan Hai Jing" is full of warmth, recalling the story of Chang, a simple and kind nanny, buying Shan Hai Jing for herself and expressing her sincere feelings.

Example 2:

Word selection: criticism

Understanding: The author wrote in the article Five Cannon Club that my father forced me to endorse before I went to the competition, which made me feel disappointed and painful, and criticized the wrong education.

Scoring standard: **2 points, content 1 point, knowledge 1 point.

(2) Answer example: I think Robinson is a tenacious person. He worked hard to make a living on the island, making tables and chairs, sowing grain, hunting animals and so on, and lived on a desert island for 28 years.

Scoring standard: **2 points. Per grid 1 min.

20 17 Haidian Ermo

1 1.① Example of answer: Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. Examples of answers: curiosity about the unknown, hidden mice, and the fifth cabin meeting.

((**2 points. 0.5 points per space)

20 17 Huairou ermo

10. YanTaitai, notes, kindness, hypocrisy and selfishness, and calling his name on his deathbed made his father fidgety. (Per grid 1 minute, ***5 points)

20 17 Shunyi, Yimo

12.① I'm afraid to ask for an endorsement before going to the theater; ② I'm afraid to revise the anatomical drawing I drew; ③ My father died at the delay of a quack.

Scoring: 3 points for this question, 65438+ 0 point for each small question.

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1 1.( 1) Achang or Changma1; (2)B 1； (3) D 1。

20 16 Yimo pinggu

8. Answer: A(***2 points)