Tianshan Kethleen belongs to high-grade seasonal jade, mostly white jade, but its texture is more transparent than nephrite. High-grade Tianshan jade even presents a texture similar to ice, so it is commonly known as Kethleen. Because the main producing area of Kethleen is located in Tianshan Mountains, the jade produced in this area is called Tianshan Kethleen.
Tested by Guangdong Jewelry Quality Inspection Center, Tianshan Kethleen is almost as moist as Hetian jade, and its permeability is close to Myanmar ice species and even glass species. High-quality Kethleen, its whiteness and crystallinity can see fluorescence in the sun, and its refractive index is about 1.54. The hardness also reaches about 7.0. There are few flaws and cracks.
When many jade players meet Kethleen for the first time, they will think that it is the * * * creature of Burmese jade-Shuimo Ziyu, but it is not. Ink jade is brittle and not soft enough. Although it is also very transparent in texture, it is always inferior to the excellent Tianshan Kethleen, which can be distinguished by comparing the original stone or the finished product.
In recent years, due to the gradual depletion of jadeite veins in Myanmar, the output of white jade in Hotan area has declined, and the hype in Huang Longyu has gradually subsided; With the deep excavation of the market and the continuous emergence of outstanding works by Kethleen carving masters, Kethleen in Tianshan Mountain gradually returned to the market after a long silence, and once again became a hot jade in China jade market at home and abroad.
The basic properties of Tianshan Kethleen are almost the same as those of single crystal, but their physical properties are different due to the differences in crystallinity and particle arrangement. 1. agate
Ribbon chalcedony Many varieties can be subdivided according to the characteristics of color, band, impurity or inclusion. (1) color classification
Agate can be divided into white agate, red agate, green agate and black agate according to color.
White agate; Gray-gray white, pure white is rare, and the ring structure is composed of strips with slightly different colors or transparency. Most white agates need to be dyed before use, except for large pieces or even used for carving.
Red agate: Natural red mares are rarely very dark in color, mostly light reddish brown and red. Red stripes with different chromaticity and transparency and white stripes with different colors and transparency are alternately distributed in the block. Red is caused by tiny iron oxide particles.
Green agate: Natural green marigold is rarely particularly bright in color, mostly light green, and its color is produced by tiny minerals such as chlorite. Most of the green agates appearing on the market are artificially dyed.
(2) Strip classification
Braided agate: Also known as banded agate, it is a kind of Mari with single color and flat stripes. Common onyx can have black and white stripes or red and white stripes. When the strip of onyx becomes very narrow, it can also be called silk-wrapped agate. A more expensive agate wrapped in silk is composed of red and white strips wrapped in silk.
2. Jasper
It is a chalcedony containing impurities, in which the mass fraction of impurities such as iron oxide and clay minerals can reach more than 20%, and it is opaque, and its color is mostly dark red, green or variegated. Jewelry industry often names jasper by color, such as green jasper and red jasper, and sometimes it can also name jasper according to special patterns. The more valuable varieties of jasper are landscape jasper and blood drop stone.
Landscape jasper: It is a kind of colorful jasper, and the strips of different colors complement each other, just like a beautiful natural landscape painting, hence the name.
Bloodstone: It is a dark green, opaque and slightly transparent jasper with reddish-brown spots scattered on it, just like dripping blood, hence the name Bloodstone. The most famous origin of bloodstone is India. The essence of polycrystalline jadeite is a single mineral rock in season, in which the grain size is generally 0.0 1 ~ 0.6 mm, and too coarse grains will lose the meaning of jade. Aggregate is massive, slightly transparent to translucent, and its density is 2.63 ~ 2.65 g/cm, which is similar to that of single crystal. Pure is colorless and usually colored by tiny colored mineral inclusions. This kind of jade is often named after the place of origin, such as dense jade; Some have fixed names because of some special optical effects, such as Dongling Stone.
Common varieties are:
1. Dongling Stone
It is a kind of quartzite with sandstone effect, and its color varies with different impurity minerals. Chromite is green, called green Dongling stone; Monazite is blue, also known as blue Dongling stone; Black mica is purple, also known as purple Dongling stone. The green Dongling stone produced in Xinjiang contains green fibrous actinolite. Generally speaking, the timely particles of Dongling stone are relatively coarse, and the flaky minerals contained in it are also relatively large, so flaky minerals can present a sparkling sand effect in the sun.
The green Dongling stone is the most common in the domestic market. Under the magnifying glass, you can see the thick chromite phosphate, which is roughly oriented and slightly reddish brown under the color filter.
2. Mi language
It is produced in Mixian County, Henan Province, China, and named after its place of origin. It is a dense quartzite containing fine scaly sericite. The mineral composition is mainly seasonal, with a mass fraction of 97% ~ 99%. Other components are fine green sericite (hydromica) with the mass fraction of 1% ~ 2%, and a small amount of impurity minerals such as rutile, diamond and tourmaline. The main colors are green series, such as light green, emerald green, bean green, meat red, black, milky white and so on. The red color may be related to trace minerals such as rutile and tourmaline. Black people are related to organic matter, carbon, asphalt and trace high-valent oxides of manganese and iron. Compared with Dongling stone, the rice language is finer and denser, and its internal timely grain size is mainly 0. 1 ~ 0.25mm, without obvious sandstone effect. After amplification, at a higher magnification, we can see that fine green mica is evenly distributed in the network. The Mohs hardness is 7 and the density is about 2.7g/cm.
3. "Malaysian jade"
Strictly speaking, the name "Malaysian jade" is not allowed to appear in any appraisal report or commodity label. This is a kind of dyed quartzite with fine structure, which is very popular in China market and deceives many people. It belongs to the green inferior quartzite jade produced in East Asia. The diameter of the timely particles is 0.03 ~ 0.3mm, the Mohs hardness is 6.5 ~ 7, and the density is 2.63 ~ 0.65g/cm. There is a wide absorption band of 660 ~ 680 mm under the spectroscope, and it can have dark green fluorescence under short-wave fluorescence, which is mainly used to imitate jadeite. See the section on Emerald for specific identification methods.