㈠

Throughout the Western Han Dynasty, the Xiongnu forces in the Mongolian Plateau have been the biggest external threat to the Western Han regime. As early as the reign of Emperor Gaozu, for the sake of national stability, Liu Bang had planned to send his daughter Princess Luyuan to kiss her, but because of Lv Hou's repeated crying, he got his wish. Finally, Han Ting selected several beautiful women in the harem to give Huns Khan, and matched them with a lot of gold, silver and jewelry, which was a temporary crisis.

Since then, the emperor of the Han Dynasty continued to pursue the policy of "pro-marriage" in exchange for temporary peace, and at the same time took various measures to vigorously develop the economy. When Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty ascended the throne, after more than 70 years of rest and recuperation, the social economy has been restored and developed. During the reign of Emperor Gaozu, even if the emperor traveled, he could not get four horses of the same color, so the prime minister had to take an ox cart. After the "rule of Wenjing", the warehouse was full of food and money, and even the rope that wore copper coins rotted away, and the prosperity of society could be imagined.

In 135 BC, Wendi Dou Taihou (Dou Taihou) died of illness, and Emperor Wu finally got rid of the shackles, and then cleared away his dissidents, ending the Huang Lao theory of "governing by doing nothing" and worshiping Confucianism alone. He made great efforts to strengthen centralization, carried out drastic reforms in economy, politics and culture, and made brilliant achievements. The country is rich, the emperor is in power, and the time is finally ripe to fight against the Huns. 127- 1 19, emperor wudi made a massive crusade against the Huns, and finally forced them to move northward.

However, the western regions were not peaceful, and the tough Huns never gave up. In order to completely eradicate the threat of Xiongnu, Liang Wudi launched a diplomatic offensive, one of which was to form an alliance with Wusun, a great power in the western regions, and "break the Xiongnu's right arm".

In 65438 BC+065438 BC+05 BC, Wang Kunmo of Wusunguo sent envoys to visit the Han Dynasty. The emissary witnessed the prosperity of the Han Dynasty with his own eyes and was deeply impressed by "You came". After listening to the messenger's report, Kun Mo admired the Han Dynasty. He sent 65,438+10,000 fine horses as a dowry, expressing his willingness to marry the Han Dynasty. Of course, Emperor Wu promised to choose Liu Xijun from the imperial clan to marry Kunmo.

(below)

Sara was originally the daughter of Liu Jian, the king of Jiangdu, and the granddaughter of Liu Fei, the half-brother of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. As early as 12 1 years ago, during the royal feud, Liu Jian, the father of Xijun, and Cheng Guang, the mother of Xijun, were executed for treason, and their families were wiped out by barbarians. Xijun survived because he was a girl, but his value plummeted. She grew up with the pity of her parents and relatives. Although she still maintains the identity of the royal family, the splendor of the royal family has nothing to do with her. The ups and downs of life experience and the indifference of the world have made the weak western army taste the suffering and helplessness of life prematurely.

But after all, Xijun is of royal blood and beautiful, so she was chosen as a princess when she was 16 years old. In an instant, the orphan girl who had long been forgotten by the world became a noble princess. However, is this ups and downs a blessing or a curse for Xijun?

105 years ago, the Western Army arrived in Gu Chicheng, the capital of Wusun, and Wang Kunmo of Wusun held a grand wedding to marry the Western Army as his wife (the second queen and the first queen were Huns). However, no matter how festive the scene is, it can't dilute the sadness in the heart of the Western Army, because the new Lang Kun is already a white-haired old man who is over 70 years old.

Although the Western Army lost his parents and lived a normal life, he never lost the pursuit of a happy life. 16 years old is like a flower. In her heart of hearts, she has woven a beautiful life in the future many times. She longs for a husband who can give her love, protection and happiness. However, the sandstorm and strong wind swept away all her desires and hopes, making the already sentimental gentleman's heart more painful!

So soon after getting married, Xijun asked Kunmo to build a bedroom for her, imitating the style of the Han family and living alone with the maids. Seeing her husband 1 or twice a year is just a courtesy.

Because of the language barrier and unaccustomed to the lifestyle of nomadic people, Xijun's sadness is hard to suppress. She wrote a poem:

My family married me.

King Wusun in a foreign country.

The vault is a room, the carpet is a wall,

Eat meat and cheese as pulp.

I often feel homesick, and my heart is hurt.

I would like to go back to my hometown Huang Yi.

The content of this poem is unpretentious, but its feelings are sincere. It has touched many people's hearts for thousands of years, so it has been handed down.

Two years later, Cuomo died. Kun Mo left his last words before he died, asking Xijun to marry his grandson, King Cenmo, according to the custom of Wusun.

This is obviously far from the moral ethics that Xijun accepted since he was a child. Xijun refused to accept it and wrote to Hanting, asking Emperor Wudi to be his own master.

Although Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sympathized with Xi Jun, for him, political needs always came first. He wrote back to Xijun, asking her to think about the national plan and act according to Wusun's custom. Xijun reluctantly obeyed with tears and became the wife of Cenmo Wang again.

Soon, Xijun gave birth to a daughter, a young woman, for Cenmo.

However, because she has been depressed and sad in recent years, she is likely to have postpartum depression and weak body. Shortly after giving birth, Princess Xijun left her infant daughter and left. He should have been around 20 when he died.

# Log Date: Tuesday, June 20th, 2006 (sunny day)

Commentator: Shi Yinyu commented on June 20, 2006 at 20: 09.

An important figure in the history of Sino-Hungarian relations: Princess You Jie

( 1)

In order to unite with Wusun, a great power in the western regions, in 105 BC, Liu Che sent Princess Xijun, a female imperial clan, to the fortress to kiss, but Xijun died excessively in just a few years. While reading Xi Jun's Elegy, Liu Che sympathized with her misfortune and was extremely anxious. Although the Han Dynasty occupied the Hexi Corridor through three large-scale wars in BC 127, BC12, BC1year, BC 1 19, it was brave and kind. Liu Che knew the truth that "a hundred-footed insect died without being stiff", and the Xiongnu could make a comeback at any time; Although Wusun had a close relationship with the Han Dynasty, it still maintained a neutral policy of being friendly to Xiongnu, as evidenced by the fact that the first queen of Wusun kings in past dynasties was still selected from Xiongnu nobles. The distant marriage of Princess Xijun did not achieve the expected goal, but it also laid a good foundation for the joint attack of Wusun on Xiongnu.

After careful consideration, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty decided to appoint another imperial daughter and relatives.

This woman is the protagonist of this article-Princess You Jie.

You Jie is the granddaughter of Liu Wu, the king of Chu. During the period of Emperor Jing of Han Dynasty, the famous "Rebellion of the Seven Kingdoms of Wu and Chu" took place, and Liu Wu, the king of Chu, was one of the planners. Therefore, after the failure, the family was brutally washed white, and only a few descendants were lucky enough to avoid death because of the "kindness of the mighty emperor" and left a little blood. When Jieyou was born, it was more than thirty years since Liu E, the king of Chu, committed suicide, and the family had already declined.

Xie You's life experience is very similar to Xijun's. The only difference is that Xie You is not as sentimental as Xijun. She has a cheerful personality since childhood, and her dim childhood life has honed her will and made her independent prematurely. She is also a little girl, more mature and strong in character than Xijun. Therefore, for being chosen as a pro-princess, relieving anxiety is only a moment of sadness, and the heart will soon be cheerful. She accepted her fate calmly and bravely.

102 years ago, 19-year-old Princess You Jie came to Wusun. She studied the local language hard, adapted to the local customs, and tried her best to blend in with the Wusun nobles.

A few years later, King Cenmo died, his uncle and brother Weng Guimi ascended the throne, and they married Princess You Jie. The relationship between Xie You and Weng Guimi should be good, because Xie You gave birth to five children for Weng Guimi in a few years. Among the three sons, the eldest son became King Wusun, the second son became King shache, and the youngest son became General Wusun. Two daughters, the eldest daughter is King Qiuci, and the second daughter is married to Wu Sunhou. Of course, these are decades later.

In 87 BC, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty died, and Emperor Zhao of the Han Dynasty ascended the throne at the age of 6. Xiongnu took the opportunity to make a comeback. After more than ten years, the Huns fought with the Han Dynasty and Wusun, each winning or losing.

In the first 74 years, the Huns formed an alliance with the Che family and threatened Wusun to hand over the princess of the Han Dynasty by force. In the face of Xiongnu's provocation, Princess You Jie was fearless. She resolutely wrote to Zhao Di and asked Han Ting for support. However, when the urgent documents arrived at the court, Emperor Zhao Han died.

In the autumn of the same year, Xuan Di ascended the throne, and Weng Guimi, king of Wusun, went to the beach again for help. Xuan Di is actively preparing for war. In 7 1 year BC, he sent an army of10.5 million to attack the Huns in five ways. Wu Sun also brought 50,000 troops to cooperate with the Han Dynasty. Under the attack of Han and Wusun, Xiongnu was defeated, and Xiongnu Khan and other 39,000 people were killed. The Han Dynasty acquired more than 700,000 animals.

In the second year, Xiongnu Xin Khan led 65,438+10,000 troops to attack Wusun, and took some hostages as revenge. However, in the process of returning to Li, nine tenths of the soldiers were frozen to death, and Han and Ukraine took the opportunity to pursue them. Since then, the Huns suffered a devastating blow and were no longer able to confront the Han Dynasty. In this victory, Princess You Jie cooperated with the Han Dynasty to attack the Huns and made great contributions.

In 63 BC, Weng Guimi, the king of Wusun, wrote to Xuan Di, the Emperor of the Han Dynasty, expressing his willingness to make their eldest son Yuan Guimi the heir to the Wusun throne, and asked him to marry Yuan Guimi, the princess of the Han Dynasty, and be close to him.

Xuan Di thinks the suggestion of relieving anxiety is very good. Therefore, Princess Xiangfu, the daughter of Princess You Jie's younger brother, was chosen as the new pro-princess.

However, as soon as the motorcade arrived in Dunhuang, the domestic situation in Wusun suddenly changed: Weng Guimi died of illness, and the Wusun nobles made the son of the former king and the Xiongnu woman the new king, known as the "mad king". Xuan Di ordered Princess Xiangfu to return to Chang 'an (Xiangfu is really lucky). Relieve my worries and become the wife of the mad king. Although they have a son after marriage, the relationship is not good. The mad king is tyrannical, and no one dares to approach him. I decided to get rid of him.

Soon, the Chinese ambassador came to Wusun to relieve their worries, introduce Wusun's situation to them, and plot to host a banquet for the mad king. After the banquet was over, the soldiers who had been ambushed in advance drew their swords and cut them at the mad king. However, the sword is wide, and the mad king is only slightly injured. He grabbed the horse and ran away. When the mad king's younger brother and son learned about it, they sent troops to surround the caring family.

But without fear, she led the guard loyal opposition. A few months later, officials in charge of border defense in the Han Dynasty sent troops to help, and finally solved the crisis. Xuan Di immediately sent Zhang Weng to Wusun to understand the situation.

Because of the removal of the mad king and the fact that the Chinese ambassador did not ask the court in advance, a passive situation was created. As soon as Zhang Weng came to Wusun, he declared the princess guilty and seized her hair for abuse.

You shouldn't write to the court and tell them why Chen Boer was killed and Zhang Weng's rude behavior. When Xuan Di saw the imperial edict to relieve anxiety, he finally realized that he had to get rid of the mad king in order to win the alliance between Wusun and Xiongnu. Zhang Weng was executed for disrespecting the princess.

At this time, the domestic situation in Wusun suddenly changed again: the former king Weng Guimi and Wu Jiutu, the son of Xiongnu women, killed the mad king and called themselves king.

(3)

Princess You Jie was worried, because in this way, Sun Wu was bound to fall to the Huns, which was extremely unfavorable to the Han Dynasty. She took immediate measures to save the situation.

Among the maids who came to Wusun from the Han Dynasty to relieve their worries, there was a woman named Feng, who was as courageous and capable as relieving their worries. She has visited western countries many times and enjoys a high reputation. She married Wu Sun's right general to solve her worries, and the subjects in the western regions addressed her as "Mrs. Feng".

Because of the close relationship between General Right and Wu Jiutu, he sent his wife Feng to travel to say Wu Jiutu. Mrs. Feng was very interested in Tu Xiao of Wu and solemnly warned him that the Han army had assembled and stood by. If he goes his own way, the consequences are unimaginable. Wu Jiutu had to give in. He agreed not to be king, but only to be a "little king".

Mrs. Feng was sent to relieve her worries and personally made a detailed statement to Chang 'an. I was very happy to see that even the maids around me were so capable, so I simply appointed Mrs. Feng as the official envoy.

Mrs. Feng returned to Wusun with a mighty motorcade. Soothing immediately called a meeting between King Wusun and the nobles, and Mrs. Feng read the imperial edict of the Han Dynasty: Soothing eldest son Yuan Guimi was made King Wusun, managing 60,000 households; Wu was slaughtered as Xiao Wang. Manage 40,000 households.

Before that, the kings of Wusun Kingdom were all sons born after Attila. It is the first 1 time that Yuan Guimi can become the king of Wusun. This shows that the influence of the Han Dynasty finally occupied an overwhelming advantage in Wusun. This is inseparable from the princess's long-term efforts and the mediation of Mrs. Feng and others.

In 5 1 year BC, You Jie's son Yuan Guimi died of illness. She wrote to Xuan Di, expressing the pain of losing her son and the feelings of missing and returning to her hometown. Xuan Di agreed.

At this time, the solution is an old woman of 7 1 year. She returned to her hometown with several other children. Xuan Di sent someone to greet the princess and held a grand welcoming ceremony for her. After more than 50 years of absence, she finally returned to her hometown. Although she is white-haired and old, she is full of energy and very excited.

After returning home, You Jie lived a comfortable and relaxed life in Chang 'an until he died of illness two years later.

(4)

Princess You Jie is far less famous than Wang Zhaojun and Princess Wencheng, but she is indeed an extraordinary woman. It is precisely because she has left so many deeds in history that we can see that she is a big shot among the pro-princesses. She knows the general situation, takes care of the overall situation, and has a resolute character. With her righteous spirit and intelligence, she has made outstanding contributions to the close ties and exchanges between China and Central Asia in politics, economy, military affairs and culture, and can be described as a girl among girls.

It is precisely because Princess You Jie successfully unified Wusun and Han Dynasty and defeated the main force of Xiongnu that the border of Han Dynasty gradually got peace in central Xuan Di. Not only did it greatly hurt the Huns' vitality, but it also caused internal division, and some people began to seek close relations with the Han Dynasty. This is one of the important reasons why the Huns proposed to the Han Dynasty, and it is also an important reason why the Sino-Hungarian relationship moved from war to peace in Yuan Di's later period.

Lacrimosa all the year round-Wang Zhaojun's marriage

Wang Zhaojun is a famous historical figure in Historical Records. For two thousand years, poets, historians and even revolutionaries of the older generation have forged an indissoluble bond with her. Among them are Du Fu, Jiang Yan, Wang Anshi and Ma Zhiyuan. Attendees included Dong, Guo Moruo, Jian Bozan, Cao Yu, Lv Zhenyu and Weng Dujian. Writers choose rhymes to write poems and break sounds to find sentences, so as to create an image of a beautiful woman in Han Dynasty who went abroad and approached Xiongnu. Historians strive to restore that dusty historical fact through the confusing historical fog; The older generation of revolutionaries took stock of the current situation and eulogized the historical story of national integration.

The historical achievements of Zhaojun and Qinqin should be affirmed. At the beginning of the founding of the People's Republic of China, the Han Dynasty met with Xiongnu soldiers, and the smoke covered the sky and the drums shook the air. "Since the war broke out, I think the world has narrowed." The people are displaced, the pastoral hills are in ruins, and there is no peace in the north. Since Zhaojun and his wife got married, the two sides turned swords into plows and hoes, and the northern border appeared a peaceful scene of "the border town is closed, cattle and horses are wild, there is no warning for dogs and dogs in the third world, and there is no war in Li Shu". 1954 The fragments of tiles such as Khan and Qin, Long Live and Changle Weiyang unearthed from the Han Tomb in Baotou are the testimony of this period of history. Before Qin and Han Dynasties, the northern minorities were not under the jurisdiction of the Central Plains Dynasty. "Since the Three Dynasties, Hu and Yue have been at odds with the New Moon." Because the evil spirits of North Korea were sent back to the Han Dynasty, the frontier king was placed under the leadership of the central dynasty, thus laying the foundation for the reunification of the motherland. Huns are influenced by China culture because of their kinship. In order to make the son born to Zhaojun Khan, Uhaanyehe changed the father-son inheritance system to the brother inheritance system and added "What if?" Before his succession title. Two words. "If the huns called filial piety? Since the fall, I have been close to Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty, and I have always admired his filial piety. If the number of children is less than the following, they are all called if? . In other aspects of life customs, the Huns also intended to imitate the Han Dynasty, thus accelerating the process of national integration. It is in view of this that Dong, a revolutionary of the older generation, wrote the poem "Zhao Jun has history, Hu Han has knowledge".

The achievement of the pro-daughter in the Han Dynasty has nothing to do with her talent or beauty, but with the strength of the Han Dynasty. If the Han family is powerful and far-reaching, the pro-daughter will be respected; If the Han dynasty declines, close women will be left out. Respecting the monarch and being close to him is the time when the Han is strong and Hu is weak, which brings her a chance of success. Uhaanyehe, who was married by Zhaojun, had a bitter experience: he was the eldest son of Lao Chanyu, who should have succeeded to the throne, but unexpectedly became an elbow armpit, but was preempted by Tu, the right wise king, and was called? Khan and Huhan had to flee to his wife and father, Wuchan Curtain, to take refuge. Catch Yan Yan? Khan was dissatisfied at home because of his cruelty, so Wu Chan took the opportunity to call Xie Han Khan and sent troops to attack him. Khan, catch Yan Yan? Khan committed suicide after his defeat. Just as Hu was full of ambition and regrouped, someone coveted the position. First, the "Five Shan Yu Competitions", and then three Shan Yu stood side by side, competing with each other, and the Huns fell into chaos again. After a fierce battle, Hu Hanxie and his brother were left to fight alone. Hu Hanxie was defeated in the battle. He was desperate and had to convert to the Han Dynasty. When the Han Dynasty killed his opponent Zhi Zhi Khan, he was "happy and afraid" and "willing to marry the Han family". At this time, Hu Han was weak and bowed down to others. It is safe for him to deal with the Han people, but it is dangerous to support them. His honor and disgrace are entirely between the thoughts of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. In this case, how dare Zhao Jun, his relatives and Xiongnu neglect the whole country? It is understandable that she is addressed as "Hu Ning E Shi". Some commentators exaggerate that Zhao Jun stepped forward and generously called for the completion of the mission of reconciliation between China and Hungary. It seems that she is tied to the safety of the Han Dynasty and the unity of the country, and only she can save the day. This is an unrealistic compliment!

"ring? The shadow shakes the blue moon, and the pipa breaks the black river in autumn. " As far as Zhao Jun's personal experience is concerned, her intimate feat is actually a tragedy. This is a political marriage. As Engels said, this kind of marriage "plays a decisive role in family interests, not personal wishes." In that case, how can the final decision of marriage belong to love? "Zhaojun just Han Yuan emperor imprisoned the huns chip. There were nine women in the Han Dynasty, none of whom was the daughter of the son of heaven. Who wants to marry a foreign country? Although Zhao Jun went voluntarily, it was a way of resistance, because he was "a few years old and could not see the royal family." Miscellanies of Xijing said that Zhao Jun refused to bribe the painter Mao Yanshou, so he didn't get the favor of the Emperor. There are different opinions. But Du Fu and Wang Anshi are convinced of this, including Du Fu's Her Face! Can you imagine the spring wind? , hey? One night in the air "and Wang Anshi's poem" I can't draw the origin of my will, so I killed Mao Yanshou in vain "are proof. Zhao Jun went from the beautiful south of the Yangtze River to Mobei, where the wind and snow were gluttonous and the climate was cold. He lives in the cellar, wears chains, eats animal meat and drinks. Cheese, with different customs and language barriers, is more than twice her age. They can't fall in love at first sight when they meet by chance, not to mention being married for three years and just having a son, and they can't be called Xie Han. How tired is the son of his ex-wife dying? If you want to marry, Zhao Jun won't. "Write a letter to ask for it, and the emperor will order you to enter the customs. "Since the fallen petal has no time to return to the tree, and the cloud has no reason to return to the mountain, Zhao Jun has to die again with tears and regenerate two daughters. Later, her son was killed innocently, and the pain of losing his son made her sad and angry. She lived in Xiongnu for a year. Where is Lacrimosa as glamorous and charming as in the play? It can be seen that drama creates artistic images, while Wang Zhaojun in history is another matter.