Shen Li (1531-1615), a native of Yucheng County (now Yucheng, Henan Province), was a scholar in the forty-fourth year of Ming Jiajing (1565) and was given a review. When I was in Ming Shenzong, I went to Zuozan Mountain. Reluctantly moved to the left assistant minister of the official department to recommend wise men. Zhuo Li, a minister, edited Zhai Jing's Record. Baidongge college students, less insurance, enter the Wen Yuan Pavilion. In the 12th year of Wanli (1584), we paid homage to the Minister of Rites. Less insurance, change to Wen Yuan Pavilion.

On Xinmao Day (1665438+July 2005 1 1), Shen Li died in his hometown of Shangqiu at the age of 85. Given as a surname, posthumous title Wen Duan. Ming Shenzong was very sad, and personally wrote four eulogies, praising him for "being honest and loving Lu and being true to Confucianism".

Chinese name: Shen Li

Alias: Shen Zhonghua

Nationality: Ming Dynasty

Ethnic group: Han nationality

Birthplace: Guide House (now Shangqiu, Henan)

Date of birth: 153 1 year

Date of death: 16 15.

Occupation: politician, philosopher

Main achievements: three generations of royal teachers

Representative works: Yi Yutang Draft, Wen Ya Social Contract, Nangong Grass, etc.

Honorary title: Lao, Gui Degong

The life of the character

Shen Li was born in Guide House in the 10th year of Jiajing of Ming Shizong (153 1). During the Jiajing period, after having obtained the provincial examination, Shen Li was chosen. Stone merchants rebelled, captured Guide House, and soon fled to the west. Shen Li thought that the thieves would definitely come again, and quickly ordered the garrison minister to kill those who colluded with thieves in the city and strictly defend them. The thieves returned, approached the city, saw them guarding, and left.

In the forty-fourth year of Jiajing (1565), Shen Li passed the imperial examination and was transferred to Jishi Shu for review. Gao Gong, a college student, is his examiner and fellow villager. He has never visited him for personal reasons.

When Ming Shenzong was in the East Palace, Shen Li was an official. Zongshen once taught you to write on a fan. Shen Li wrote Lan's Ode to the Prince and asked him to explain the meaning, which was completely explained. God praised him, so he was favored. After Zongshen ascended the throne, he was promoted to editor because he was favored by the staff of the East Palace. Soon, he was promoted to Zuo Zanshan. Every time he gives lectures, he is upright, and what Chen says only suits the emperor's mind. The emperor spoke highly of him. His parents died one after another, and the emperor repeatedly asked where the lecturer Shen was and whether the mourning period had passed, and ordered him to fill the post of lecturer first.

In the ninth year of Wanli (158 1), Shen Li returned to the imperial court.

In the autumn of the tenth year of Wanli (1582), he was promoted to a bachelor's degree as a lecturer and a right assistant minister of the Ministry of Rites. Soon, he was transferred to the official department and promoted to assistant minister Zuo. Shen Li cut off his personal relationship and liked to recommend wise men without being known. In the winter of the twelfth year of Wanli, he was appointed as the minister of rites. When Shen Li first became an official of Hanlin, eunuch Jin refused to accept gifts from his compatriots. I have taught in the inner study, attended banquets, and contacted the eunuch many times, but I have never touched him. When Shen Li's rank is higher, he doesn't need their help, even if the emperor's orders and the court's intentions, he won't obey them easily.

Shen carp has always been upright and upright. He presided over the ceremony in the Ministry of Rites and had many suggestions. Considering the profligacy of customs, the ritual system of past dynasties was investigated, and the standards were determined in funeral sacrifices, crown weddings, palaces, costumes and so on, which were promulgated throughout the country. Worried about the drought, Zongshen went to the altar in the suburbs to pray and discussed sending ministers to pray in famous mountains and rivers all over the country. Shen Li remonstrated that envoys would disrupt local governments and might increase the burden on the people. He asked the emperor to fast for three days, and granted Taichang the responsibility in the form of proclamation, except for the prayers in the temple. Most religious sects agreed with his performance. At first, the vassal government asked for something and bribed the eunuchs in power to help them, but the ministers did not dare to violate it and always satisfied their ideas. When Shen Li was in power, they were all abolished. The eunuchs in power were very disgusted. They repeatedly provoked the emperor by making trouble. The emperor gradually had to be suspicious, repeatedly asked Shen Li and deprived him of his salary. From then on, Shen Li had the idea of dismissal. And bear a grudge against Shen carp, Shen carp does not attach himself, and hates his guts. Shen Li won't give in when he meets difficulties. Being suppressed by Shen, his ambition could not be fully realized. At this time, Shen was criticized many times, saying that he was ill and closed his door, so Shen Li was able to handle cabinet affairs. Wuyi in Yunnan killed Yang Rong, a tax collector, and the emperor was very angry. He will send officials to arrest and punish them. Shen Li elaborated on Yang Rong's crimes and demanded that those who took the lead in killing Yang Rong be punished, while others were exempted, so there was no mass arrest. At that time, although Shen admitted that he was ill and stayed at home behind closed doors, most letters were drafted by him and sent home. Shen Li strongly stated that there is no precedent for this.

Shen Li has always hated Shen, and Shen is about to leave. He was worried about Shen Li's work, and left a worry for himself. He wanted to leave the cabinet with him and acted covertly to get him to leave. Zongshen also doubted Shen Li's integrity and took advantage of Shen Li's request for retirement, so he ordered him to retire with Shen. Zhu Geng asked to leave Shen Li, but there was no reply. After returning home, Shen Li wrote a thank-you letter, still trying to state the disadvantages of slacking off government affairs.

Ming Shenzong Wanli was thirty-eight years old (16 10), and Shen Li was eighty years old. Ming Shenzong sent officials to visit him and gave him money. Shen Li wrote a thank-you letter, stating the political priorities at that time.

On Xinmao Day (1665438+July 2005 1 1), Shen Li died in his hometown of Shangqiu at the age of 85. Given as a surname, posthumous title Wen Duan. Ming Shenzong was very sad, and his eulogy praised him for "being honest and upright, and being true to Confucianism."

Political measures

The heroic spirit of awe

Shen Li has been upright and upright all his life. In order to please Zhang, Manchu officials scrambled to set up an altar to pray for him, but Shen Li went alone. Wanli Aibao once spent 20 million taels of silver to buy a treasure. Courtiers donated money to Wanli in succession, and they were proud of themselves. Shen Li said: "I only know modesty, but I don't know what I want." Everyone who heard it was ashamed. Someone played it, and the unicorn was produced in Guangshan. Wanli was overjoyed and wanted to watch it. Shen Li plays: "The saints like small things, but when they spread, they become big things. As soon as this thing entered, all kinds of strange things in the world were presented one after another, wasting people's money and complaining. Didn't it hurt Shengde? " Wanli had to give up. In addition, the king of Qin invited his brother to be a general and a father, and Wanli Qin named Zheng an imperial concubine, which was resisted by Shen Li.

Harnessing the Yellow River

During the Wanli period, the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River burst many times, and the people were in dire straits. Shen Li pleaded for the people and built two levees.

According to Serina Liu's "De Jian", the flood in Zhongzhou is nothing more than the Yellow River. Every autumn and summer, the city walls float away and the people live in peace. " Shen Li pleaded for the people and invited Ming Sheng to build two levees. It starts from Xingcheng in the west and reaches Hongzi Lake in the east, with a total length of 400 kilometers. Another east-west Yellow River levee, with a total length of 90 kilometers, runs from the north wall of Guide ancient city to the southeast, passes through Huiting Post (now Xiayi Huiting) and reaches Caojiawa in Yongcheng, and is called "Shendi" by later generations. As a result of the construction of these two levees, "all counties in Henan began to avoid looting."

representative works

Shen Li wrote Yu Yi Tang Draft, Wen Ya Sheyue, Nangong Grass and so on. , are in parallel with the world. Shen Li was a famous politician and philosopher in Wanli period of Ming Dynasty. Be honest and clean, and take the ancient road. Jiajing, Qin Long and Wanli dynasties were called "the teachers of san huang", and the world called them "Shen Ge Lao" and "Gui De Gong". There are Yi Yutang Draft and Wen Ya Social Covenant handed down from generation to generation.

Documentary record

After Shen Guide's death, Shen Longjiang's "xianggong" Tomb-Sweeping Day celebrated that there was no concubine in the room, which was rare in modern times. After Zheng Xie's death, the couple were both very young, and their wives were still taking menstruation-regulating drugs because they had no blood. His daughter, Yu Qi, was jealous and Shen was poisoned, so she didn't know anyone. Xianggong wanted to see it, but he couldn't stop it and hated it. His daughter must want to inherit the business with his son, but the clan people don't allow it. His stepson tried to die, and all the shadows he got were given by the official worship groups. Dan _ Su Wei is dominant. I heard that the coffin is still in class, and the gift field is still empty. I have lost my taste. Once you are the ghost of Joao, you will feel pity for him and return to virtue. Many people will know him, and some people will manage his family.

Character story

After 400 years' changes, generations of Shangqiu have never changed their fond memories of Shen carp's "being dry and healthy, and being as true as Luo Yi", but they have become stronger and stronger. The reporter has successively got many legends and stories about Shen carp scattered among the people, such as Shendi, Naolong Street, Wuliang Temple, Gelao Temple, Shen carp selling pots and so on.

Shangqiu, Shen Li's hometown, was called Guide House in Ming Dynasty, so people respectfully called Shen Li "Shen Guide". After Shen Li took a leave of absence and returned to Li, he established a literary elegant society, a social warehouse and a school in his hometown. 16 15 years, that is, forty-three years of Wanli, Shen Li died at the age of 85. Emperor Wanli, the supreme ruler, was very sad when he heard the news. He gave the prince a surname, held a funeral and held a memorial service. He also sent an official from Henan Province to the imperial court six times in the first seven days, three days, seven days, one hundred days, the first anniversary and three years. He praised Shen Li for being "upright and upright, and a true Confucian in Ilo" for many times, and presented him with two handwritten plaques "Accusing Chen Shan" and "Xiao Deshi as a minister". And presented successively, the father, grandfather and great-grandfather of Shen Li were Dr. Guanglu, Shao Bao and Prince Taibao, the official minister, and the college student of Wenyuange. In the history of China, it is rare for the emperor to bestow favor on Tron, with four generations living under one roof. At the same time, it also shows that Emperor Wanli, who has always been a "game politics", is as grateful to his teacher Shen Li as to his father.

In the winter of the twelfth year of Wanli, Shen Li paid homage to the history of the Ministry of Rites, and Yan Fang introduced it and strongly suggested it. Exchange with the DPRK, give up personal relations and recommend wise men. Good things are done, but they are quiet and don't buy.

In North Korea, the divine power, like Zhang's record, is only full of the revival and security of the Ming Dynasty. They are honest officials and congenial friends, so they are like-minded friends. In addition, under the guidance of Zhang, he became a banquet official of Emperor Wanli, and he always respected Zhang very much. However, during Shen Li's bachelor's degree in imperial academy, Zhang fell ill and rested at home. In order to please and buy tricks, Manchu officials rushed to visit him and planned to set up an altar for Zhang Shoufu. Only Shen Li didn't join in the fun. An official "kindly" advised him: "Friendship with officials, you should go." Shen Li replied: "When it comes to things, it is possible for the same official to be different!" Such behavior is afraid that people today will feel too pedantic. However, Shen Li has his own reasons. It's no big deal for an official to get sick, and it's understandable for a friendly colleague to visit with a gift. But once that person comes to power, people with or without friendship will follow suit and set up an altar to pray with great fanfare. Obviously, this is not a problem that officials are seriously ill, but a hidden focus in the hearts of people who flock to see a doctor. Once a mass outbreak occurs, it will be very unfavorable to the construction of "political style" and "professional style". Shen Li put the future of the country in his heart. His consideration has transcended personal grievances, and he took the risk of taking the blame-he was resented by Zhang Shoufu and even broke up with him from then on, but he insisted on being different and unclean.

Shen Li's pedantry is really cute and determined. After that, Zhang once again invited Shen Li to write the memorial in his private house. Shen Li immediately refused: "National politics is absolutely private, not physics!" He stubbornly believes that state affairs are state affairs and private affairs are private affairs, and public and private affairs cannot be confused and compared. If it's personal, you can do it at your home or mine. State affairs can only be done in court and in full view, and it is as indecent to hide in whose house to do business.

This is true for the past records, and it is also true for the past Wanli emperors. Shen Li is also unwilling to let his beloved monarch lose his national dignity and body. Emperor Wanli loved money and treasure even more. He once spent 20 million yuan on a treasure. I'm afraid you don't take bribes, but I'm afraid you don't have hobbies. The emperor's hobby often becomes the weakness of being conquered by his subjects. So seeing Wanli like jewelry, most courtiers donated money to him and were proud of it. Shen Li was very angry. Facing the officials who followed suit and advised him to follow suit, he said with a straight face: "I only know how to keep clean, but I don't know what I want." Shame the listener. That's not all. Shen Li hurried into the palace to meet Wanli, and called Ming Dow: "What the saints like is a small matter, but it can achieve great things if it is spread abroad. The subjects offered sacrifices one after another, wasting people's money and complaining. Isn't it detrimental to virtue? " "Well, that's it." Emperor Wanli had to listen to the teacher's invitation and no longer accept donations.

Shen Li's dedication to the country, his integrity, his loyalty and his willingness to compete are inevitable. Therefore, he was also disgusted by many powerful people in the dynasty. Many people complained to Shen Li about his dark appearance before Wanli. Over time, Emperor Wanli began to distrust Shen carp and complained more. At the age of 57, Shen Li decided to resign and return to Li. A man who is almost 60 years old, this official is not worth mentioning. Records of Zhang's death are records. Shen Shixing was jealous of Shen carp and always thought that Shen carp was not his own. Although Emperor Wanli insisted on keeping him, he said, "Shen Shangshu is a good official. Why do you want to go?" Shen Shixing still fish in troubled waters. In the 16th year of Wanli (AD 1588), he repeatedly asked Shen Li to abdicate and return to China.

Shen Li went 14.

In this 14 year, Shen Li did not stay at home, but wrote a letter to Emperor Wanli to plead for the people. One is to repair the ancient Yellow River levee, and the other is to build a watershed for the ancient Yellow River, so that in the flood season, the turbulent river water can be diverted out. This is Shendi recorded in the German Guide.

The Yellow River is the cradle of the Chinese nation, but it is also a harmful river. Since the Qin and Han Dynasties, it has broken out twice every three years on average, and it has changed for a hundred years. People in the places where the ancient Yellow River flowed suffered heavy disasters, and Shangqiu, the Guide House at that time, was not spared. There are not a few people who go down in history because of the restoration of the Yellow River in Ming and Qing Dynasties. However, it is difficult to count two or three people like Shen Li who have dragged their old body 14 years and lost everything.

Whether it is touching warmth or magnificent scenes, history is always condensed into a few words by many objective limitations, which are handed down to the world for future generations to mourn and meditate. The reporter has stood on the levee of the old Yellow River many times. Faced with such a wide and long flowing old road, he imagined the backward era when everything had to be carried on his shoulders 400 years ago. What a magnificent scene it will be: using water to control sand, thousands of migrant workers are bustling, shuttling back and forth, fighting day and night, fighting for the construction period, and their enthusiasm is high. A thin old man walked through the crowd with a strong foot, devoting himself to help or listening carefully from time to time. His shoes are covered with mud, and his elegant robe is often soaked with sweat. Youyou's home is in the ancient city not far away, but he often passes through the house and doesn't enter. On the hot construction site, he lived and ate with dusty people. His tough appearance infected hardworking people around him. This collective is like a heavy cart, which is rolling forward under the encouragement of a spirit.

14 years is not long for a person, but it is not only short but also extremely precious for a person over 60 years old, but Shen Li has no regrets. In the more than ten years of building the Yellow River levee, the funds allocated by the imperial court have been cut off. By the time the levee was built, the funds were all from Shen Li and his brother. This is also the reason why Shendi was called "Shendi" by people at that time. Today, 400 years later, when the reporter visited the fragmented land in Shangqiu again, such a firm voice inadvertently came back: "The project can't stop! We'll pay! Let's go out! We are out! " It is like a cry on the echo wall, like Hong Zhong Road, which permeates the world.

Today, the well-preserved old Yellow River dike in Shangqiu is 134 km long, 10 m high and 13 m wide. It twists and turns, vast and magnificent, like a dragon lying across the land in eastern Henan. It is the largest and most magnificent historical landscape in Shangqiu, and it is also a symbol of the struggle between Shangqiu people and nature. Today's Yellow River levee is full of flowers in summer, trees are shaded, flowers and fruits are fragrant and butterflies are flying; In winter, long beach is covered with snow inside and outside, which is very spectacular. The old course of the Yellow River here has the reputation of "Green Corridor" and "Great Wall on Water". The industrious people of Shangqiu also diverted water from Lankao to build six cascade reservoirs. The cool breeze rippled in the reservoir area, the water was bright, ducks and fish jumped and waterfowl flew over, showing a unique ancient road landscape, which was known as the "northern water town". Inside and outside the levee, there are many places of interest. There are the site of the Twin Towers, Zhuang Zhou's hometown, Sanlingtai Platform, Cangjie Temple and Shang Jun's tomb. Historical and cultural tourism resources are extremely rich. With the development of tourism, this ancient pearl will become more and more colorful and radiant. It may be the best memorial and gratitude for the predecessors to build the place where the predecessors struggled well and benefit one side.

Personality assessment

Wang Shizhen: The scholar replied to his article three times, lamenting that he is a great man because of his profound skills and fair discussion.

Commemorative figures

Shen Li Tomb is located in the northwest corner of Shenfen Village, Shuizipu Township, liangyuan district. Today, the tomb of Shen Li has become an intangible cultural heritage in Henan Province. Shen Shi's family tomb, Shangqiu Old Road of the Yellow River and Shen Di are also being declared. The cultural relics departments at the city and district levels attach great importance to the protection of Shen Li's tomb, and a fence more than one person high has been erected around the cemetery. Times have changed, but the former glory of Shen Li's tomb is gone. However, the scale is the same. Four stone tablets are juxtaposed in two rows. There is a huge grave in the north not far from the stone tablet. There are towering old trees growing beside the tomb. The archway at the entrance of the tomb is particularly spectacular under the scorching sun. The vigorous handwriting on the stone tablet is faintly discernible, and the stone carvings of birds and animals such as deer, tiger, sheep and rabbit are wonderful.

The tomb of Shen Li is a standing history and a vivid past. Everything lying quietly here is explaining to today's people what is the great beauty of life realm of "Gan Kun Zheng, Luo Yi Zhen Ru".