Handicrafts in the ancient world are as diverse as the cultures that made them, no matter their uses or production methods. In ancient Mesopotamia, handicrafts were produced according to state and private orders. As early as 6500 BC, linen textiles were used in an area called Tepe Sabz (modern Iran). Before the rise of wool, both private and state workers used flax. Starting from Ur in the city, we have the Sumerian standard war and the peace standard entrusted by the state and formulated by people who are called * * * employees today.
But at the same time, there are also many private artists who have created their own and more personal works (as early as 6500 BC, pottery has been discovered since then), such as Urc. In 2800 BC, an exquisite work composed of shells, lapis lazuli and gold depicts a ram (or goat) trying to get rid of the bushes. Although Sumerian standards are utilitarian works, which provide a narrative of a culture of peace or war, works like Ram trapped in bushes often depict scenes in daily life or symbolic representatives of gods, because people speculate that Ram statue symbolizes the energy law of Damocles, and falls into the "jungle" of the goddess Inanna/Hista. Inanna/Hista is often portrayed as a difficult character. She often traps her lover with a difficult net.
As early as 6200 BC, Anatolia began to smelt copper, which became more and more important in Mesopotamia and southern copper because it became easier to obtain. It will eventually prove to be an increasingly valuable trade and domestic commodity.
As early as 6500 BC, linen textiles were used in an area called TEPE Sabuz (present-day Iran), and linen was woven by private and state workers.
In ancient Egypt, the most important craftsmen were metal workers. They made bowls, vases, cups, statues and figurines, and even swords and daggers, which can be seen in museums all over the world today. Until the Middle Kingdom period (2040- 1782 BC), metalworkers mainly used copper mined from Sinai Peninsula, when bronze (a mixture of copper and tin) came from Mount Elam in the southeast of Babylon.
However, there is no doubt that the most widely used metal in ancient Egypt is gold, which was mined in large quantities from the eastern desert and the rocks of Nubia and Sudan in southern Egypt. The famous tomb of Tutankhamun discovered by howard carter in the early1920s is the best proof that metal workers can use gold for many purposes, because they have made this substance into everything from gorgeous death masks to coffins to cups, bracelets and jewels found in graves. According to the historian Herodotus, Egyptian metal workers are called the most skilled craftsmen in the world, and their surviving works prove the truth of Herodotus' statement.
In ancient Greece, handicrafts were made of ceramics (from Greek CERAMOS to "wet clay"), which was one of the major state-owned enterprises in Greece and was privately made by artists. The archaeological discoveries of Knossos and Golding prove that the production of Greek pottery began in the kingdom of Crete around 2500 BC. The most famous pottery style is the black character style, which draws black characters on a soil red background (and vice versa) and tells a story in a linear form.
These stories can be fairy tales or personal family stories. The most famous is that john keats, an English poet, praised the virtue of "the quiet bride who is still unpolluted" in his ode to the Greek urn, longing for eternal youth and the beauty depicted on the urn. Other ceramic utensils are mainly used to hold wine in oil tanks. A large number of remains of Phoenix and Tanite were found in blood vessels. Bob Ballard discovered Ai Lisha in 1999. HYDRIA (mainly used for water) and crater are two other types of ceramic products. The crater is a wide-faced ceramic supported by a short cylinder on the base; These two forms are still used as vases and The Mixing Bowl today.
Romans borrowed from the previous culture in handicraft production (as they did in all other aspects of their own culture) and created exquisite works of art, but because of their pragmatic nature, they were good at handicrafts that were more practical than traditional ones. Aesthetics. The greatest craftsman in ancient Rome was a plumber (from Latin plumium Lead), who introduced water into the big pipes that went in and out of Rome and nearby ostia. Masons shaped the construction sites of stone roads, buildings and temples. From Galicia, Spain to Trier, through Germany and all the way to Egypt, Roman handicrafts can still be seen on the roads and ditches that are still available in Europe today.
In 1000 BC, craftsmen took their ships across the Atlantic Ocean to what later became the British Isles, and loaded a large amount of tin and rich copper in the Mediterranean Sea to make bronze. It is not clear why the Phoenicians did not mine on Mount Elam like the Egyptians did. In 200 BC, the steel manufacturing industry in the Celtic world experienced a great prosperity from what is now Cornwall. The Iron Age will change all aspects of people's lives in Celtic land and other regions.
Handicrafts are an indispensable part of people's lives who create and use them. More importantly, perhaps they are the expression of culture and people's life in a specific period. Archaeologists often report that they pay more attention to the discovered ceramics than gold, silver or other precious treasures, because ceramics tell the most accurate and honest story about the daily life of the site. People in the past, like people today, did not always live a grand adventure or a * * * life, but there were still stories full of * * * and lasting charm. These stories are told through the handicrafts they created. Today, thousands of years later, people can still read these stories and appreciate the works of early artists.