Zhou Pu (called Puban in ancient times) was once the most prosperous and prosperous political, economic and cultural center in the history of China. Zhou Pu is the old capital of Yao and Shun and the birthplace of Yao, Shun and Yu. Zhou Pu is located in the middle reaches of the Yellow River, which flows through its west and south. When I arrived at Tongguan, I suddenly turned a big bend and formed a bend. It is more than 100 miles long, with vast beaches, fertile land, mild climate, beautiful natural conditions and environment, rich products and the most suitable for human habitation. Therefore, as early as 1.80 million years ago, Shuhe people in Xihoudu flourished here. This is the oldest and earliest cooked food crowd in China. Cowherd's ancestors fled to Zhou Pu from eastern Henan in the lower reaches of the Yellow River. Because Zhou Pu is a distribution center of national materials and an important dock and port for grain transportation, Chaoshan County on the west bank of the Yellow River has the largest Yongfeng warehouse in China, and Zhou Pu on the east bank of the Yellow River has the largest treasury in China as early as Shun Di. In the Yao-Shun era, Cowherd's ancestor was the "security guard" of Shun Di Treasury, guarding the Treasury for Shun Di.
Yu Xia has opened up tax channels and reformed the tax law.
In the Yao, Shun and Yu era, private ownership of property appeared. Although private ownership later produced many disasters, when it was established, it really depended on the improvement of productivity. Therefore, the era of Yao, Shun and Yu should be an era in which social productive forces have developed greatly than before. The ancients didn't know that social progress mainly depended on the efforts of the working people, as Mao Zedong said: "The people, only the people, are the driving force to create world history". Therefore, it is not difficult to understand that several leaders on that day were representatives and all belonged to them.
With the improvement of productivity, Dayu succeeded in harnessing water. From Yugong, we can imagine Zhou Pu's position as a water transport hub.
Gong Yu is an article in Shangshu. Han Ma Rong thought that "Yu Shu existed in ancient times, so it was called Shangshu". Visible, recorded in history, is about the legend of Shun Di period. Shangshu is the oldest existing history book in China. It is a compilation of ancient historical documents and political history papers, and it is one of the important classics of Confucianism. It is said that Confucius wrote it, but in fact some articles were later supplemented by Confucianism. Yugong recorded in detail the methods, tax levels, tributes and transportation routes of repairing Kyushu waterway. It also describes the huge tax administration project in order to improve the central tax mechanism and enrich the "national treasury" during the Yao and Shun period. That is to say, the whole territory is divided into Kyushu: Hebei, Yan, Qing, Xu, Yang, Jing, Yu, Liang and Yong, and the management of "Jiumu" is set up. According to the different geography, military resources and products of each state, different tribute levels and methods are stipulated, and different physical, labor and military services are provided to the country according to the distance. Require state officials to do their best for the country as required. This is the earliest tribute system in the history of our country, which laid the initial foundation for our tax system. After more than 4,000 years, China's financial system has always been centered on controlling land and labor. The date of recording "Law of Kyushu" is: "Leave Kyushu, follow the mountains and rivers, and make contributions to Sichuan". Among them, the more important significance lies in cultivating the national "fiscal and taxation" sources and increasing the national fiscal revenue.
The Yao-Shun era was called "Tang Yu Prosperity" by later Confucianists, and it was the golden age in the ancient history of China. During the period of Yao and Shun, Zhou Pu, as the capital of emperors, established its position as a political, economic and cultural center city. According to ancient books, both Yao and Shun built their capitals here. From Yugong, we can see that during the Yao and Shun period, Puban was not only the imperial capital, but also very rich. In Gong Yu, there is such a record about Shaanxi: "Juetu is only white clay, and Juefu is only wrong." It means that the soil in Jizhou is white and soft, and the subjects here have to pay first-class tax. Although Jizhou is very big, it is mainly centered on Shanxi, especially in the south of Shanxi. No matter where the starting point of each state is, the nine tributary waterways leading to the central government mentioned by Gong Yu all take Puban as their final destination. Puban, more than 4,000 years ago, has become an important water transport terminal. Tributes from all over the country will land here and be sent to the "national treasury" in Shun Di.
The nine tax gates opened by Dayu are Hebei, Yanzhou, Qingdao, Xu, Yang, Jing, Yu, Liang and Yong. Tributes from all over the country were finally transferred to the national treasury of Puban Shun Di through the Yellow River. The tributary route of southern States is along the river and Surabaya, turning Heze to Jishui and entering the Yellow River. Tributes include gold, silver, copper, tin, lead, jade, stone and other minerals; Precious bamboo and wood, such as nanmu, juniper, tung, pine and bamboo; (Ministry), hemp, kudzu, silk and other textiles; Seafood such as fish, turtles and pearls; Rhino skin, oxtail, ivory, bird feathers, spices, pigments, hides, rare birds and animals, jewelry, etc. The tributes brought from the Yellow River by the northern states are: grain, cotton, hemp, salt, coal, stone, wood, leather, livestock, trees and so on. National tributes are gathered at the corner where the Weihe River meets the Yellow River, that is, the northeast of the Weihe River bend (also known as "Hequ"), which is the location of the Imperial Capital Puban.
Gupuban was the earliest capital of the Yao emperor, and the regent of the Yao and Shun dynasties was located in the "Shundu in Guangxi" between Guangxi and Shuishui (that is, "Shunju Gui You"). After Yao moved to Pingyang (now Linfen), Shun moved to Puban. Yu, the prime minister, was ordered to control water, open up tax sources and reform tax laws to serve the prosperity of the imperial court "Treasury" established by Yu Shun. Therefore, as early as 4,000 years ago, Puban was a water terminal for central tax revenue, an important economic port during the Yao and Shun period, and the largest treasury warehouse in China.
Tributes and tributes from all parts of the country should go ashore from Pujin and be transported to the emperor's treasury. Shanxi's grain, salt, cotton, hemp, coal and other things will also be exported to places in urgent need all over the country. Therefore, there must be a large treasury warehouse near the port and the national capital. According to legend, this national treasury was built in the upper reaches of Guishui River, with high terrain to prevent the Yellow River from flooding, and it is convenient to import and export goods. It is not far from the capital, and it is located in the east of Zhuoyu, at the foot of Lishan Mountain, which is more than 20 miles away from the port. In order to guard against theft and bandits, we must send heavy guards.
Cowherd and Weaver Girl's acquaintance, love, love.
Cowherd's ancestors moved from eastern Henan in the lower reaches of the Yellow River to Puban to work and graze for a living. Because they have many children and have a hard life, when their son grows up, they still have no money to get married and start a family. For the sake of future livelihood, the old man surnamed Niu smashed a broken jar into pieces and said to his sons, "For the sake of livelihood and future, take one piece each and go your separate ways!" In order not to lose blood, if we can reunite in the future, it will be marked by the reunion of broken jars. Therefore, this kind of cow is called "pot bottom cow".
In the Yao, Shun and Yu dynasties, some descendants of cattle who stayed in Guishui were once in the "state treasury" when they were recruited. Cowherd is a descendant of Kubing, and their family lives in the south bank of Guishui near the national treasury, which was called "Niujia Courtyard" in history. Later, the Niu family flourished and gathered in a village four miles southwest of the compound, which is now Tanzhuang.
Puban has fertile land and rich products, especially cotton planting and textile in Sanma. Sang Ma is "suitable for sandy soil, which is sparse and accessible", and Pubanren lives in the Yellow River Beach, with a vast land and a vast population, which is "not juicy". As long as "there was no rain in the old days, and it was caused by the river, warm wadding should be collected to prevent cold textiles" (Zhou Pu County Records, Volume III). Needless to say, the market supply contributes a lot to the fabrics of military uniforms and military accounts. Shun Di's granddaughter or daughter is named "Weaver Girl" because she is ingenious and good at spinning and knitting. Tang Yan Qian's "Qixi" poem says: "I am willing to sew with five colors for blessing."
The history books Tianguan Shu and Hanshu Tianwenzhi all say that "Weaver Girl, Tiannv Sun Ye". Heaven, namely "Heaven Emperor", "God of Heaven" and "Jade Emperor" (referring to Shun Di who ascended to heaven after death), is also called "Son of Heaven". According to Shi Xuanyuan's book "Mysteries of the Eternal Age-500 Mysteries of China's Cultural History (Continued)", "The Queen Mother and the Jade Emperor are husband and wife. They are like the empress of the world, and have given birth to seven daughters, and the youngest is the seven fairies. " The history books Tian Guan Shu and Han Shi Tian Wen Zhi are another day: "The daughter of the martial arts weaves in the north", that is, the concubine who married the cowherd weaves in the north of Tianhe (Yellow River). Records of the Historian Biography of Guan Shu was named "Wu Nv". (2) Yayun: "It is also true that women must be called' service girls'. One is' Wu'. Justice Day: "You must be a woman and be called a concubine. If you are not as good as a woman, you will be married.". "Suoyin: Weaver Girl, the sun will shine". Case: "Jingzhou Zhan" says: "Weaver, Tiannv, Tianer. "Justice says," Weaver Samsung is in Tianji Cave in Hebei, and Goddess is also the main fruit. "Explain that the granddaughter (or daughter) of Tiandi or Tiandi can not only plant and weave well, but also participate in the management of the national treasury. After his death, the son of heaven ascended to heaven and became a god in heaven. His granddaughter Zhinv lives in the Yellow River and Guishui North on earth and Tianbei in heaven, so it is humble to marry Cowherd.
The weaver girl lives near the national treasury, which is the "Shunju Gui" on the north bank of Guishui. The cowherd family also lives near the national treasury, which is the Niujia Courtyard on the south bank of Guishui (north of the Yellow River). He often goes in and out of the warehouse barracks with his family and sometimes lives near the warehouse barracks with his elders who are warehouse soldiers. In the history books "Tianguanshu" and "Hanshu Tianwen Zhi", it is said that "Petunia is a sacrifice, and its north river drum", and Petunia is also located in the north of the Yellow River. The history books Tian Guan Shu and Er Ya Shi Tian record that "the river drum calls the cow". Justice "holds the cow as a sacrifice and is also a beam." "Since the past, the morning glory and the Weaver Girl met on July 7th, and this star is also." Taiping Magnolia Volume 31 quoted Shu Wei: "The Altair Star, named Hegu in Jingzhou, is the girder; Vega, the main fruit. "
Weaver Girl and Cowherd live at the foot of Mount Li, on the bank of the Yellow River, by the lake of Leize, beside the oil and water, where they often farm, make pottery, fish and hunt and graze with their families. It is also a good place for friends to play, bathe, swim, fish and catch shrimp. Childhood friends, two small conjectures. Adolescence, two of a kind, naturally there is love. However, it is the biggest obstacle between the marriage of the cowherd and the weaver girl. Cowherd's family was poor, and he borrowed money from the Emperor for the wedding and failed to return it in time, so he was fined to separate from the Weaver Girl. Volume 31 of "Peaceful Magnolia" quotes "Shu Wei Day": "It's also true that I tasted the saying that I brought a cow to marry a weaver girl and took 20,000 yuan from the Emperor of Heaven as a gift. I didn't pay it back for a long time and was driven into the camp." Penny Weaver was punished for falling in love. "The Book of Songs Xiaoya Dadong" says: "Or its wine, not its pulp! The scabbard is not as long as anyone! There is Korea, and there is light in the mirror. Three of the three, Vega, seven times a day. Even if the weaver girl is busy, she can't knit a stripe well. Give him a cow instead of a box. " In the poem, Penny and the Weaver Girl also behave like a scene of a camp, where they are punished for hard labor. However, the charm of love is endless and no force can resist it. The happy marriage and love of Yao Di's daughter, Shun, is an example.
At that time, when Emperor Yao wanted to marry his daughter and Yu Shun, he reluctantly said, "How can an emperor's daughter marry a common people?" Yao was persuaded: "Shun is a civilian, but his appearance is extraordinary. He has a long face and an expensive face. He hopes his stepfather will become an emperor in the future. Isn't the second daughter the princess of the emperor? Having said that, the two daughters changed their minds. " Looking back on the past, when Emperor Yao fought fiercely between the "abdicated" democratic election system and the successor system, he felt very embarrassed about the psychological contradiction between the descendants and the abdicated Yu Shun. In order to monitor and control the actions of Yu Shun and his tribes, the strategy of giving priority to the enemy first was adopted. "So Yao Nai used his second wife, Shun, to observe the inside, so that nine people could get along with each other to observe the outside, and they were happy and experts were cautious" (Historical Records of the Five Emperors). Emperor Yao "sent his two daughters to worry about embarrassment" (Yao Dian of Shangshu). After marrying Shun, under the influence of Shun's filial piety, the two women abandoned their father's sinister intention of asking them to spy on Shun, and joined forces with nine concubines who monitored and controlled Shun to form a United front with Shun. Yao Li wanted to cultivate his mind, so he passed the throne to the stubborn Danzhu, launched a coup, succeeded in one fell swoop, imprisoned Yao's father and son Danzhu, and made Shun ascend to the throne. The bamboo book chronicles: "In the past, Yaode declined and was imprisoned by Shun." . "Shun imprisoned Yao and suppressed him, so that I could not see my father." "Everything is done wrong" also has the account of "Shun imprisoned Yao, Yu forced Shun, Tang attacked Jie Li and attacked Zhou".
Both E Huang and Nv Ying were attracted by Shun's beauty, but Cowherd was not Yu Shun after all. He is a simple, honest and simple ordinary man. However, parents are children's first teachers. The wonderful marriage and love between E Huang, Nvying and Yu Shun are incomparable, which will inevitably have an impact on the Weaver Girl. Despite the opposition of her grandfather Shun and grandmother Queen Mother, she insisted on the independence of marriage and the freedom to fall in love with Cowherd. But after the emergence of private ownership, marriage is determined by the amount of property and the level of status. Therefore, the marriage of the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl was only completed in the form of myths and legends during the reign of Heaven Emperor, that is, man and God. In addition, China people are mysterious, believing that people will ascend to heaven and become stars after death. Therefore, the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl are two stars on both sides of the Tianhe River. Until the emancipation of the mind and the contention of a hundred schools of thought, in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the first peak of free marriage with independent marriage and free love appeared in Chinese history, including not only The Book of Songs Xiaoya Dadong, but also You Zhinv. ...
Volume 203 of Tai Ping Guang Ji quoted Customs Tong as saying that the Queen Mother of the West came to offer a white jade vase in Shun time, and married her daughter to her eldest son. Justice Day in Historical Records of the Five Emperors: "E Huang had no children, and a female hero gave birth to a business leader. After Shun's son was promoted, he became a concubine. Yun's novel in the Southern Dynasties (Generalized July Order) and Yuan Ke's Dictionary of China Myths and Legends record: "The folk legend Weaver Girl is the granddaughter of the Emperor of Heaven and the Queen Mother, and she often bathes with fairies in the Milky Way in her spare time ..." Liang Zonggu in the Southern Dynasties wrote The Chronicle of Jingchu. Some data describe: "According to folklore, the Weaver Girl thinks of the world, plays in the world, and then bathes and splashes water in the lake. Cowherd picked up her clothes, so Weaver married Cowherd and soon gave birth to a man and a woman. At this time, the Weaver Girl was ordered by the Emperor to leave the Cowherd. One day, the Weaver Girl sneaked away while the Cowherd was away. When the cowherd found out, he immediately carried the burden and caught up, and he was about to catch up. Suddenly, a big river appeared on the road, which was painted by the Queen Mother. In this way, the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl can't meet each other on both sides of the river. The heavenly queen ordered them to meet only once a year on Qixi. "
The "Tianhe", "Yinhe", "Dahe" and "River" in historical materials actually refer to the Yellow River. "Hedong" is the Puban land east of the Yellow River. The related terms in Ci Hai and Ci Yuan are River, Dahe, Tianhe and Yellow River. The Yellow River, "the second longest river in China, was called the' River' in ancient times, and was later called the Yellow River because of its abundant sediment". The big river, "ancient refers to the Yellow River". "River", "also refers to the Milky Way, also known as Tianhe". The "big river" in Mao Zedong's "Spring and Snow in Qinyuan" and "Go to the Great River East ……" in "Good Han Song" both refer to the Yellow River. Li Bai said, "How can the water of the Yellow River go out of heaven and into the ocean, and never return?". Therefore, the Yellow River is also called "Tianhe". "Natural History Miscellanies" said: "Tianhe and Haitong, people who lived in Haizhu in modern times, have floats every August, and they come and go." After walking for more than ten days, I (suddenly) came to a place with a wall and the house was very strict. I saw a lot of Weavers in the palace. See a lady (cowherd) and lead the cow to take care of it (Hezhou waterfront), and drink it. The cow was surprised and asked, "Where did this come from? This man has a purpose and asks where this is. Answer:' Go back to Shudu County and see Yan Junping (Buren, Chengdu), and you will know ...' People at sea cut wood from the sea and entered Tianhe (Yellow River), where they met Weaver Girl and Cowherd.
The myth of the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl is famous for its beauty and moving. In addition to the positive narrative, there are some side narratives. It is said that Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent Zhang Qian to inquire about one of the "Six Dances" of the Zhou Dynasty, that is, the music and dance "Great Summer" of the times, and also met the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl. The second volume of Tian Shi Lu quoted the Chronicle of Jingchu as saying: "Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty ordered Zhang Qian to spend the summer and seek the source of the river. When he arrived at a place, he found battlements like state capitals, and there were weaver girls in the room. See her husband (Cowherd) drinking river water. Qian asked, "Where is this?" He replied,' Ask Yan Junping. The weaver girl took the stone and the stone and gave it back. Later, I went to Shuzhong to ask Junping, and Junping said on weekdays that' in a certain year and month, the guest star made a mistake (separating lovers who are hard to meet in two places or loving men and women)'. "Yun machine said to Dong Fangshuo. The content is similar to that recorded in the natural history. One said it was crossing the ocean, and the other said it was looking for the source of the river. It turns out that the Yellow River (Tianhe) was connected with the sea in ancient times, but in fact it was (as Wang Zhihuan, a great poet in the Tang Dynasty, said in his poem "In the Lodge of Herons": "The mountains and rivers are exhausted in the daytime, and the Yellow River is crowded"). In the latter story, the stone of the Weaver Girl was added to make the myth more interesting. The poet of Ming River in Song Dynasty said: "Ming River (Tianhe) is not friendly, so I would like to take advantage of it. I will even support the Weaver Girl and go to Chengdu to sell fortune tellers. " It is a combination of two similar legends, which are highly summarized in these poems. Since then, the myth of Cowherd and Weaver Girl has been believed by people because of the appearance of supporting stones. The "castle", "house" and "state capital" in this paper actually refer to Tianhe East, that is, the "Shun Fu" or "Shun Du Pu Ban" in Hedong.
"In the lake" in historical materials refers to "Leize Lake". In historical materials, a big river separates the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl, making it difficult for them to meet each other. In fact, after Dayu dug Hukou and Longmen Mountain, the Yellow River flood rushed down through Leize Lake, destroying Leize and forming a big river (namely Yellow River, Tianhe and Heming). Later, it was interpreted as a big river or Tianhe painted by Jin Chai on the head of the Empress Dowager. Myths and legends that make cowherd and weaver girl cry across the river.
The intervention of the Heavenly Emperor and the Heavenly Queen Mother in the marriage of the Cowherd and the Weaver Maid is to maintain and consolidate the imperial power and divine power, which reflects the old grandmother's domination of the marriage between men and women, the remnants of the matriarchal clan era that dominated everything, the supreme authority of the Heavenly Emperor who ascended to heaven, and the hierarchical system and the wind of the door after the emergence of private ownership. However, society is developing and history is progressing. As a representative of the patriarchal era, Shun Di is always more progressive than the matriarchal system, so the marriage between Tianshun Emperor and the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl is always much looser than that of the Queen Mother, not to mention that he has had wonderful marriage experiences with E Huang and Nv Ying.
In order to live in harmony with the Cowherd for a long time and live a happy life, the Weaver Girl is very dissatisfied with the arrangement that the Queen Mother and the Heaven Emperor only meet once a year on the evening of July 7th. The weaver girl's persistent struggle, even "looks too messy" and "gives up weaving". The heavenly emperor and the heavenly queen were helpless and moved. They think that since food is the most important thing for the people, they "named the Cowherd as the Kitchen God and the Weaver Girl as the Kitchen God's milk, and sent it to the world to be in charge of wheat and grain, and only allowed to return to the sky once a year. The Cowherd and the Weaver Maid chose to return to the Heavenly Palace on the 23rd of the twelfth lunar month, and seven days later, they returned to the earth on the 15th of the New Year's Day (Village Records Folk Custom). This is consistent with the historical data of "The Emperor of Heaven was furious and ordered the Weaver Girl to return to Hedong".
Shun Di Treasury and the Decline of Cowherd Family
When it comes to Dayu's water control, we can't help but mention his father's failure in water control. In those days, Zhang adopted the method of building dikes to stop water, and Shang Shu Hong Fan called "the flood of water". The result was "nine years of success" and was killed by Shun after the failure of water control. Therefore, Yu inherited his father's business and continued to control water. In the opposite direction, the method of dredging was adopted. That is, what Yu Gong said, "Draw a river to accumulate stones". "Mencius on Teng Wengong" said: "When Yao was born, the world was not flat; The flood crossed the river and flooded the world. Lush vegetation; Animal feeding; The grain does not climb; Animal threat, the road of animal hoof and bird trail is given to China. Yao worries alone and takes it easy. Shun ordered Yi to raise fire, Yi Lieshan burned it, and animals fled. Nine rivers, Ji Ji, pheasant and the sea; Decide which river you, Han, Paiwei and Si are concerned about. Then China can get and eat. At that time, after eight years away from home, no one came in three times. "
Dayu's water control is a huge project, which requires not only sufficient financial resources, manpower and material resources, but also a large number of labor tools. In order to facilitate transportation and storage, the place where labor tools and water control tools are produced is located in the east of the intersection of the Yellow River and Guishui. The raw materials for making tools are in Lishan nearby. "Historical Records" said: "The Yellow Emperor picked bronze wares from the first mountain and cast Ding from Jingshan Mountain". "Shiben" said: "Chiyou uses gold as a weapon". "The Quotations of Corpses" said: "Five soldiers in Chiyou, the place where Ge, Spear, Ji, Emirates Spear and Yi Spear compete (Jiexian County, Shanxi Province)". Zhongtiao Mountain in Zhou Pu has not only copper, but also iron. The manufacturing field goes up the Guishui River, which is Tietou Village near the location of Shunju Training. The scale of the factory can't be verified, but when "Nu Wa killed the black dragon to help Jizhou, and accumulated reed ash to stop lewd water (flood)" ("Huainanzi Lan Mingxun") and "Yu Shun fought against the black dragon in Changyang, and accumulated furnace ash to stop the black dragon's blood", the local people took slag from the village and piled it in the cave to prevent the black dragon's blood from entering the Yellow River and resurrection. Guishui Jianqiao was renamed as' Blood Road Bridge', and Luyuan family Paul (Changyang) was renamed as' Blood Road Village'. (After the Tang Dynasty, it was changed to Tielu Village, now called Tietou Village). The remains of ash accumulation at the bridge head still exist today, which is called' ash mouth'. It is said that if you dig a few feet deep, there will be endless ashes. "It can be seen that the smelting scale of Tielu Village is considerable. Some people suspect that during the Kaiyuan period of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, he decided to send Prime Minister Zhang Shuo to rebuild the avenue leading to Chang 'an, so he overhauled the Pujin pontoon bridge. There are 8 cast iron cows, 8 iron men, 2 iron mountains, 8 iron columns 18, tens of millions of meters of chains, and more than 0.6 million kilograms of iron/kloc-0, accounting for one third of the national iron output. Such a large-scale bridge repair project is difficult to complete only in the suburbs of Zhou Pu. Especially in those days, only small crucible-type manual melting could be used. In a short time, it is impossible without the smelting site and technology of Tielu Village.
After Dayu succeeded in harnessing water, he seized the throne of Shun by virtue of his prestige and power. After Shun was destroyed by Yu, the descendants of Shun He moved from southern Shanxi to Hebei, Shandong, Henan, Anhui, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian, Guangdong, Hunan and Sichuan. Guishui in Guizhou and Hebei; Lishan and Licheng in Shandong; Yucheng, Xiyu and Shangqiu in Henan; Yushan in Jiangsu; Shangyu and Yuyao in Zhejiang; Shangxian, Pucheng, Yaoshan and other places in Shaanxi are all descendants of Shun who miss their homeland and place names transplanted when their ancestors migrated. With Anyi as its capital, most areas in southern Shanxi are inhabited by descendants and people of Yu, so Shunju Xun and Erfei Altar were destroyed, and Shundi's "treasury" also disappeared.
The cowherd family was implicated in the marriage between the cowherd and the Weaver Girl, and its family also emigrated in large numbers, which made the cowherd courtyard where the breeder lived near the national treasury disappear from now on. Today's Tanzhuang may have been built on the site of a village with a big family named Niu. For thousands of years, Tan Zhuang has been named after Xue and Ren, not Niu. According to Historical Records Chen Qi Family, "Xue, after Xizhong, was surnamed Ren, Gaixia and Yin Fenghou, so there was Teng Hou in the Spring and Autumn Period." There is a surnamed Ren in Tan Zhuang, who is said to have moved from Beiping in the Qing Dynasty. I don't know when the earliest surname in the village moved. However, there is a Niujia ancestral temple in the village, and there are dozens of acres of Niujia ancestral graves outside the village. Every year, in Tomb-Sweeping Day, Chencun, Niujiazhuang and other places, descendants of Niu surname come to Tanzhuang to visit graves and worship their ancestors, which proves that this place was originally the ancestral home of Niu surname.
Chencun is located in Han Yang Town, yongji city, at the foot of Lishan Mountain, on the south bank of Guishui. According to legend, it is the site of Niujia Courtyard in Yao and Shun period. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, some Shunren who moved back to Shanxi from Wanqiu, Henan Province, were now Shunren's Lu surname, and another Niu surname and Li surname who moved back from other places lived here. According to Records of Chen Qi Family History and Biography of Shun Di, Zhou Wuwang recruited grandchildren of the Three Emperors and Five Emperors all over the world and was promoted to various positions. Shun was expelled by Yu Xia and his descendants, many of whom left. Shun's 23-generation grandson's father lived in seclusion in the local area. After being discovered, he defected to the King of Wu and became a pottery official, inheriting Zushun's traditional pottery-making skills and serving the life of Zhou people. Therefore, King Wu named Wanqiu (now Huaiyang, Henan Province) as Chen Hou, and changed the place name to Chen Zhou. Later, Kui and his son, Sun Quan and others changed their surnames to Chen, who was called a public official in history. King Wu also betrothed his eldest daughter Tai (Yuan) Ji to him as his wife. After King Hui of Chu destroyed the State of Chen, some descendants of Hu Gongman fled to Yangwu Lake (now north of lankao county, Henan Province) to establish Chen Feng, and some fled back to Jinnan to establish Chencun on the former site of the former Niujia Courtyard south of Guishui. However, for the sake of concealment and safety, Chen's surname was changed to Lu. This is because Qiong Chan, an ancestor, made great contributions to the history of the Chinese nation and was one of the pioneers in the construction of Luyuan Folk House. Shun also built a house with Lv Zhi, also called Pu Wei. After returning from Henan, some of them were scattered in Jiaolu, Nanjieyi, Xing 'an, Nanji and other places east of fenglingdu. After reconnaissance, they thought it was safe to return to Chencun before moving to Chencun. It is said that a person named Lu went to Sichuan. Later, Niu and Li also moved to Chencun, so Chencun had no surname since ancient times.
Shun Di's descendants, especially the cowherd family, moved back to Guishui, Zhou Pu later, which is related to Anyi, the capital of Yu Xia, and its descendants living in southern Shaanxi for a long time, crowding out and suppressing Shun's descendants for a long time and slandering businessmen as "traitors". Shun's descendants were loyal to admonition, but they were destroyed by Jie Li, so there was a summer storm. "A General Examination of the Four Generations" says: "Xia Houshi lost his virtue in Taikang, and foreigners started fighting ... Jie was tyrannical, while others were aggressive". "Chu Ci Li Sao" Day: "Xia Jie violated Chang Xi, but he was in trouble." Wang Yi's note: "Xia Jie went against heaven and humanity, so every disaster was caused by him and was finally destroyed by Tang Yin". "Historical Records Xia Benji" said: "Xia Jie does not convince people with virtue, but harms the people with force, and the people are pitiful." China people resent the debauchery and cruelty of summer and curse: "Give it to me and die"! Shang Tang defeated and killed Xia Jie in Wutiao (now Yuncheng) and destroyed Xia Hou. A descendant of Xia Jie fled to the north as a Hun. Historical Records Biography of Xiongnu said: "Xiongnu is also the descendant of Xia Houshi, the ancestor of Xiongnu". After the descendants of Yu Xia were expelled by the Yin people, most of them fled to the north and some fled to the south. Therefore, Historical Records of the Family of Gou Jian, the King of Yue, said: "Gou Jian, the King of Yue, is a descendant of his predecessor Yu". Later, the Huns invaded the Central Plains continuously, which brought great disasters to the people of the Central Plains. Emperor Gaozu, Emperor Wudi, Wang Mang, etc. Paid a considerable price to counter the invasion of Xiongnu. Therefore, the Shun people who emigrated abroad have a lingering fear of moving back to southern Shanxi.
Because of Shun's high respect, great historical position and social influence, Shun's historical legends, relics and sites, etc. In the Puban area in southern Shanxi, it was destroyed by Yu Xia and his descendants many times, but there are still many remnants. However, there are few legends and relics of the weaver girl, especially the cowherd. According to the old man surnamed Niu in Chencun, there are dozens of acres of cattle graves in the north of the village, but that was later, and the ancient ancestral graves before moving out were all in Tanzhuang. So every year in Tomb-Sweeping Day, Chencun, Niujiazhuang and other places, descendants of Niu surname will go to Tanzhuang to worship their ancestors. It is also said that according to the legend of Grandpa's grandfather, there used to be a "Niunv Temple" in Chencun, which was destroyed for some reason. In memory of Cowherd, the people of Lishan built a temple on the mountain where he often grazed, and entrusted his gods to protect the safety of people and animals who cut wood, collect medicine and graze cattle on the mountain. However, due to current events, I have to hide my strength. I only said it was a mountain temple, not a cowherd temple. I'm just afraid of getting into trouble.
In the absence of historical data, the rise and fall of the Cowherd family and Shun Di Treasury can only be a myth and legend. This is just as Hu Shi said: "As for the Xia people with Shanxi as the center, all the historical materials we have at this time are really not enough, so we have to put them between myths and legends for the discovery of historical materials in the future.
Myths and legends are folk stories passed down from mouth to mouth in ancient times, and they are an innocent explanation and beautiful yearning for natural phenomena and social life of the ancients. However, myths are often the shadows of history, and legends often reflect the truth of history. Guo Moruo, a famous historian, said in "A Study of China Ancient Society": "No matter what kind of legends, there are realistic shadows." Xu, an expert on ancient history in China, said: "Ancient legends are historical materials passed down from mouth to mouth." "Most of these historical materials have their historical core and historical origins. It is a scattered material that has not been processed by future generations, and it should be simpler than the historical materials in the' official history' or' official history' of the processed system. We should distinguish between legends mixed with myths and pure myths, and we cannot classify all ancient legends as myths in general. " Myths and legends are different from superstitions, full of positive romantic spirit and realistic scientific nature, which can be explored and studied. Mr. Dong Dazhong said: "Historical records are secondary, and oral legends, sites and relics are the main ones. Whether the historical records are correct or not must be tested by oral legends and ruins. "
Every man is responsible for the rise and fall of the country. It is the sacred duty of the Chinese nation to pay attention to, protect, rescue and inherit our traditional culture and intangible cultural heritage. Traditional culture and intangible cultural heritage are not only the spiritual pillar and intellectual support for the Chinese nation to forge ahead into the future and move towards prosperity, but also an important factor in maintaining human cultural diversity and promoting world harmony and peace. It is of great historical and practical significance to protect Shanxi, a treasure house of material and intangible cultural heritage, to serve the construction of advanced socialist culture and to promote sustainable economic and social development.