Magellan was born in a poor knight family in northern Portugal about 1480. He lived in an era when capitalism was just emerging and developing, and he was extremely eager for monetary gold. The whole society is full of expansion and the desire to seek money. Portugal and Spain take an active part in overseas navigation and exploration.
When Magellan/Kloc-0 was 0/0 years old, he was sent to the palace by his father. After entering the palace, all the education expenses for food, clothing, housing and transportation will be borne by the state.
Later, Magellan was chosen as the queen's maid. At that time, the Portuguese royal family had no fixed residence, and the king and queen often ran around. Young Magellan accompanied the king to visit places of interest all over the country. He fell in love with traveling since he was a child.
Magellan was incorporated into the National Maritime Office in, when this institution was working for another man named Da? Gamma's navigator made a long voyage to make secret preparations. Magellan came here and became familiar with the cause of navigation.
Years, at most? Gamma sailed to India again. Magellan didn't get the chance of expedition, but Magellan took advantage of his work to master important navigation information such as navigation maps, directions and routes to the "New World", Africa and Asia.
Magellan finally got the chance to join the expedition in, which was the beginning of his ocean exploration career. However, he is just an ordinary sailor.
In the spring of 2008, when Magellan was on his way back, their ship ran aground and all the sailors were trapped on a sand island. Magellan's calmness and composure influenced other sailors, who overcame various difficulties, such as lack of fresh water and food. Shortly after his rescue, Magellan was promoted to captain.
Magellan finally returned to Lisbon in 1946. He hoped to get the attention of the palace, but what he heard was: "You have been away for too long, and your majesty has forgotten you." He had to go back to his hometown in the north.
Magellan spent eight long years in the East. Wealth and the king's reward have nothing to do with him, but he has learned all kinds of sailing techniques and is familiar with many things in the East.
Magellan began to make plans for his voyage in 1920. With the help of his good friend astronomer Farillo, he plans to bypass America, then cross the "Great South China Sea" westward, reach India via the Moluccas, and then reach Portugal.
Magellan made a request to the king to put the ocean exploration plan into practice, but failed to get approval.
10 year 10 On October 20th, Magellan suddenly left Portugal for Seville, Spain.
Magellan by Seville fortress commander diogu? Barbocha's family received him warmly, and in their communication, they developed deep feelings with his daughter. 15 18, Diogu? Barbocha married his daughter Petriz to Magellan, and Petriz was an active supporter of her husband's career.
On March 18, 2008, King Charles of Spain received Magellan, and Magellan presented the king with a colorful globe drawn in great detail, with the navigation route marked on it. His plan was immediately approved by Charles I.
The news that the Spanish king supported Magellan's sailing plan was soon discovered by Portuguese spies. At that time, Spain was competing with Portugal for maritime hegemony. King Emmanuel of Portugal, fearing that his overseas interests would be damaged, immediately ordered Consul Alvarez to sabotage the implementation of this plan in various ways.
After they failed to threaten and induce Magellan himself, they ruined the voyage. They paid bribes everywhere, let the fleet load moldy flour, sugar and smelly beef in the grain storage warehouse, and attempted to murder Magellan.
In order to supervise and contain Magellan, King Charles appointed his confidant as the main helmsman of the fleet. 1565438+In August 2009, under the condition of patchwork, the preparations for the voyage team were finally arranged.
On September 20, 2008, this long-distance fleet with complicated personnel and poor equipment finally set sail from the outer port of Seville, Spain.
The fleet left Spain and headed for the Canary Islands. Six days later, it docked in the Canary Islands to replenish fresh water and food. Just as the anchor was lifted, a ship flying the Spanish flag caught up with the fleet. It turned out that my father-in-law sent a letter.
This letter reminded Magellan of the leaders of some of his ships. They told people that they would oppose Magellan if they encountered difficulties during the voyage.
After leaving the Canary Islands, the fleet continued to advance to the southwest of Cape Verde Islands by using the northeast trade wind. Carl Tahina, the captain of San Antonio, seized the problem on this route and strongly opposed Magellan's plan. After a contest, Magellan ordered the accountant to replace Kartasina as the captain.
On September 29th, the fleet reached the coast of Brazil. After months of wandering, the sailors struggled with the waves and rocks and suddenly came to a place rich in food in full of green. They were reluctant to part. But Magellan's aim was to find the Strait and cross the "Great South China Sea". He didn't make a mistake, but went straight ahead.
Fleet 12 arrived in Rio de Janeiro and San Martes Bay in February. Further south, it is an area that previous navigators have never been to. At this time, South America is approaching winter, and the fierce cold wind is blowing, carrying rain and snow, making navigation more and more difficult. In March, the fleet sailed into the port of St. Julian.
Magellan decided to anchor for the winter. The fleet stopped at the port of St. Julian. St. Julian was desolate, with nothing but endless broad-leaved trees. Due to the lack of crop supplements and the failure of several attempts to explore the strait, most sailors felt depressed and uneasy, and some ship leaders began to rebel.
/kloc-in June, 2000, on the Sunday before Christian Easter, Magellan invited some captains and helmsmen ashore to hold mass. Kartasina led the crew to control three ships, namely San Antonio, Concepcion and Victoria. The leaders of all the ships were taken hostage and the incident officially broke out.
Knowing this, Magellan asked the flagship to stall the messenger sent from the San Antonio, and ordered the security officer to lead six armed men to secretly ship letters to the Victoria. The letter arrived, and when Captain Mendoza was reading it with arrogant eyes, the security guard immediately stabbed him in the throat with a dagger.
Magellan interrogated those who opposed him one by one and punished those who rebelled. Kesada, the first offender, was sentenced to death, while more than 40 other people who should be sentenced to death were pardoned.
The fleet stayed in port St. Julian for nearly seven months. 101October 2 1 day, the fleet sailed into a wide strait mouth at 52 degrees south latitude. On the fourth night, the exploration ship came back to report that all it encountered was salt water, and the water was flowing quickly. If the ship rushes to the west, it may sail to another ocean.
1 June, the fleet was on its way to the west. When people were tested by stormy waves, Gomish hit a wall in his exploration and lost his last confidence. He caught the San Antonio and fled back to Spain.
After he returned to Spain, he sued Magellan to the king, imprisoned Magellan's father-in-law and wife, and interrogated them constantly. Magellan's wife couldn't stand the humiliation and died of depression shortly before the voyage fleet came back.
The rest of the ships walked in the strait for 28 days and finally walked out of the west mouth of the strait, and the vast "Great South China Sea" appeared in front of them. This is the place that western Europeans have spent more than 20 years looking for. In memory of Magellan, later generations called the strait he discovered "strait of magellan".
From 1520, 1 1 to 152 1 in March, the fleet sailed in the "Great South China Sea" for nearly four months, but it was not attacked by storms and huge waves once. Magellan and his sailors called this Pacific Ocean "the Great South China Sea". This is the origin of the name of the Pacific Ocean.
For four months in a row, the sailors didn't eat anything new, and the food on board became less and less. Sailors drink rotten and yellow fresh water, and even use cowhide and sawdust wrapped in ropes as food. Worst of all, many sailors fell ill and many crew members died of illness.
Magellan is busy with what happens in the fleet every day, calmly preparing for all possible situations. On March 5, all the food on board was eaten.
At this time, the fleet came to a rich and densely populated archipelago. Here, a foot-long fig (banana) can be seen almost everywhere. The fleet has replenished a lot of fruits and vegetables. Then looted and burned the village.
/kloc-in June of 0/6, the fleet arrived in the Philippines, and Magellan decided to let the sick sailors have a short rest here. All kinds of tropical fruits, bananas and coconuts grow here ... they exchange small commodities brought by the fleet for gold, jewelry, meat and food of the indigenous people.
Magellan established contact with Humabona, a local chief.
Before the departure of the fleet, the Spanish king stipulated that the fleet should try its best to expand the royal territory. The more land is discovered, the greater the interests of the discoverer. Magellan plans to participate in the infighting with the locals and share the benefits.
Late at night on June 26th, Magellan led 60 armed men to Matan Island in three small boats. Umabona and his prince led 1000 people to launch an attack on the territory of Silabra.
At the beginning of the battle, Magellan's firearms could still block the opponent's attack, but a large number of aborigines pounced on him, and Magellan's feet were injured by poisonous arrows. In order to cover the retreat of his companions, he persisted again and again until his death.
After Magellan's death, his last voyage around the world was completed by his entourage. 1September 6, 522, by Captain Eli? The Victoria led by Cano finally returned to Spain. At this time, there were only 18 sailors left on board.
Man's first voyage around the earth is finally over. The voyage took three whole years. Magellan made an indelible contribution to the completion of this voyage.