Computer numerical control machine tool is an automatic machine tool with program control system. The control system can use control codes or other symbolic instructions to logically process and decode the program, so as to make the machine tool move and process parts. English abbreviation CNC, also known as CNC machine tools and CNC lathes, is called computer gong in Hong Kong and Guangdong Pearl River Delta.

In the manufacturing industry, numerical control is mainly used to process and manufacture parts, such as mobile phone cases, automobile parts, mold parts and so on. Numerical control has the characteristics of high precision, high degree of automation, high production efficiency and low production cost.

Common CNC brands in the market are Frank, Beijing Jingdiao, Brother, Madzak and so on. With the progress of science and technology, domestic brands of CNC have gradually matured and been widely used in the market.

CNC lathe is mainly used for large-scale machining of parts, and its machining methods include turning excircle, boring and turning plane. Can write programs, suitable for mass production, and the production process is highly automated.

Since MIT developed the first CNC machine tool in the world in 1952, CNC machine tools have been widely used in manufacturing industry, especially in automobile, aerospace and military industry, and CNC technology has developed rapidly in both hardware and software.

Extended data:

I. Characteristics

Compared with ordinary machine tools, CNC machine tools have the following characteristics:

1, high machining accuracy and stable machining quality;

2, multi-coordinate linkage can be carried out to process parts with complex shapes;

3, processing parts change, generally only need to change the numerical control program, can save production preparation time;

4. The machine tool itself has high precision and rigidity, and can choose favorable processing dosage and high productivity (generally 3~5 times that of ordinary machine tools);

5, the machine tool has a high degree of automation, which can reduce the labor intensity;

6. The quality requirements for operators are higher, and the technical requirements for maintenance personnel are higher.

Second, the working principle

CNC machine tools generally consist of the following parts:

1, the main machine, that is, the main body of the CNC machine tool, including the machine bed, column, spindle, feed mechanism and other mechanical parts. It is a mechanical component used to complete various cutting processes.

2. CNC device is the core of CNC machine tools, including hardware (printed circuit board, CRT display, key box, paper tape reader, etc.). ) and corresponding software, which are used to input digital parts programs and complete the storage of input information, data conversion, interpolation operation and various control functions.

3. The driving device is the driving part of the executive mechanism of CNC machine tools, including spindle driving unit, feed unit, spindle motor and feed motor, etc.

Under the control of numerical control device, the spindle and feed drive are realized by electric or electro-hydraulic servo system. When multiple feeds are linked, positioning, straight line, plane curve and space curve can be processed.

4, auxiliary device, refers to some necessary parts of CNC machine tools, to ensure the operation of CNC machine tools, such as cooling, chip removal, lubrication, lighting, monitoring, etc.

It includes hydraulic and pneumatic devices, a chip removal device, an exchange workbench, a numerical control turntable and a numerical control indexing head, as well as a cutter and a monitoring detection device.

5. Programming and other auxiliary equipment can be used to program and store parts outside the machine.

References:

Baidu Encyclopedia-Computer Numerical Control Machine Tool