Author: Bai Juyi

Say it's flowers, not flowers, say it's fog? Not fog.

It came in the middle of the night and left at dawn.

Come like a spring dream,

When they leave, they are like clouds in the morning.

Precautions:

1, Chaoyun: This is an allusion borrowed from King Chu Xiang's dream of the Goddess of Wushan. Song Yu's preface to Gao Tang Mi: My concubine is under the sun of Wushan, the maggot of Gaoqiu, the morning clouds, the dusk rain, the morning sun and the balcony.

Translation:

Like flowers, like fog, like fog,

Come at midnight and leave at dawn.

It's like a dream of spring in brief and beautiful.

Gone like a morning cloud, nowhere to be found.

Appreciate:

Bai Juyi's poems are not only famous for their simple language, but also for their beautiful artistic conception. This flower is not a flower, but it smells hazy, and it is indeed a special case in white poetry.

The first three words of the poem are the title, and there is almost no title. The first two sentences should be read as flowers are not flowers, and fog is not fog, which gives people an unpredictable feeling first. Neither flowers nor fog is negative, but it contains a self-evident premise: flowers are like fog Therefore, it can be said that these are two clever metaphors. Su Dongpo seems to have got a little inspiration from this, and wrote a famous sentence that looks like a flower but not a flower. No one regrets teaching (Shui Long Yin). Su Ci chants catkins, while Bai Shi's is not obvious. But from midnight to dawn, we can see that the metaphors here are flowers and fog, for example, what we sing is fleeting and difficult to last.

Looking at midnight and leaving at dawn makes readers doubt that they are talking about a dream. But judging from the next sentence, it looks like a spring dream, which means it's not. Dreams turned out to be matching. Here, the words "come" and "go" play a connecting role in sound and emotion, thus giving birth to two vivid metaphors. People who came in the middle of the night had a spring dream. It was beautiful but short-lived, which led to a question: How long would it last? When I saw it in the morning, it was sunny. Although beautiful, it is easy to be disillusioned, which leads to a sigh: it's like going to the clouds and finding no place.

Poetry consists of a series of metaphors, which are called metaphors. The two are closely linked, like clouds and water, and written naturally. Repeatedly highlight an unexplained metaphor with vivid images. There are many examples of how to make good use of metaphors in poetry, such as Nineteen Ancient Poems (bright moon and bright night), fighting in the south, morning glory bearing the yoke, Jade Case, Yichuan tobacco, and the wind blowing plum rain and yellow. However, these metaphors are only part of the poem, and the metaphors that run through this poem are rare. Furthermore, in the last case, astrology such as Nanji, Beidou and Petunia were compared, which means that it is impossible to bid farewell to one's name. In the latter case, compared with the images of tobacco, catkins and plum rain, the metaphors are very clear. And this poem only sees metaphor (used as metaphor) and doesn't know metaphor, just like an intriguing mystery. In this way, the artistic conception of the poem is covered with a hazy color.

Even so, the poetry of this poem is not completely obscure and elusive. It was compiled by the author in a department with concentrated sadness, and the same department also has works with similar emotional appeal. The first is Tomb of the True Mother, which reads: Frost destroys the peach and plum, and the true mother was still a teenager when she died. Fat skin and fat hands are not strong, so it is difficult to stay in the world. It's hard to stay but easy to sell. The other is "Bamboo Slips Poetry", which is about frost killing peach blossoms in February. I want to marry next year and die this year. Most good things are not firm, colorful clouds are easy to break, and glass is easy to break. Both poems are mourning works. The metaphor of their last sentence, especially the flowers in the northern part of Saibei and the fragile colorful clouds, is almost exactly the same as the last two sentences of this poem, and even the voice, face and smile are killing me. They all showed a kind of life. The poem "Flower is not a flower" is closely compiled after "Bamboo Slip Poetry", which tells readers a piece of news about the poem's return to interest. This poem and Song of Jane were written for the same purpose at the same time.

This poem adopts the form of alternating three sentences and seven sentences (this is the flexible use of the three-seven-seven sentence pattern of folk songs at that time), which has both orderly rhythm and intricate aesthetic feeling, and is very similar to later poems. Therefore, later generations actually adopted this poetic method as the tone of words, with flowers as the tone name. A major change in the content of the May 7th poem is that the words tend to express people's inner feelings. At this point, this poem is similar to this word. This kind of poem is naturally like a small word, which appeared in the pen of Bai Juyi, a poet who was engaged in ci creation earlier in the Tang Dynasty.

Buy flowers

The imperial city withered in spring, and it was noisy.

* * * If you say peony, you will buy flowers with you.

The price is uncertain, and the number of flowers is rewarded directly.

Burn a hundred red flowers and press five bundles of vegetarian food.

Hang a curtain on it and weave a fence next to it.

Sprinkle water and seal it with mud, and the color will not change.

Everyone is used to it, and everyone is confused.

There is an Weng who comes to buy flowers occasionally.

Bow your head and sigh alone. No one knows this sigh.

A bunch of dark flowers, ten people bless.

works appreciation

1 dark flower: refers to dark peony. ② Middle income tax: the tax paid by middle-income families. The tax system in the Tang dynasty was divided into upper households, middle households and lower households according to the property of the people. ③ Buying flowers: According to Li Zhao's Supplement to National History, "Peony has been visiting Beijing for more than 30 years. Every year in the Spring Festival Evening, there are tens of thousands of people in each book. " The original poem is a five-character ancient poem. These two sentences mean that a bunch of colorful peony flowers cost enough to pay the taxes paid by ten middle-class families. Sharp revealed that the luxurious and decadent life of "your visit to Beijing" was based on the cruel exploitation of the working people. The exposure is profound, ironic and pungent, and has profound social significance.

-Quoted from tshjj.yeah.net/.'s Appreciation of All Tang Poems.

Li Zhao, a contemporary of Bai Juyi, said in Tang Shi Supplement: "The capital is expensive and has been a peony for more than 30 years. It's a pity that you don't spend time playing in the Spring Festival Gala every year. Holding a golden palace outside the palace, planting it for profit, a book is worth tens of thousands. " This poem reveals some essential aspects of social contradictions through the description of "buying peony flowers in Beijing" and shows a theme with profound social significance. The genius of the poet is that he found an "Tian She Weng" that others turned a blind eye to from the place where he bought flowers, which triggered his inspiration and completed his original artistic conception.

The whole poem is divided into two paragraphs. The fourteen sentences in "Everyone loses something" are about your expensive trip to Beijing to buy flowers. In the following six sentences, write Tian She Weng and buy flowers.

At the beginning, "imperial city" refers to the place, and "the end of spring" refers to the time. When "spring is near dusk", the countryside is green and yellow, and farming is doubly busy, while Chang 'an, where the emperor and his courtiers are located, is busy "buying flowers". "Noisy" belongs to hearing; "Riding degree" belongs to vision. In the form of "noise", the scene of men jumping over women and laughing and cheering is displayed at the same time as the picture of cars and horses filling the streets and swallowing lanes. It is really a combination of sound and sound. The following "* * * peony, buy flowers from each other" is a supplementary description of "noisy". When borrowing the car, everyone immediately told each other in unison that the pen was quite clever.

These four sentences are written as "buy flowers", which paves the way for the following writing: buy flowers at a high price and spend them with a small heart. Then there are these rich idle people, driving around and spending money on flowers and plants. "Burn a hundred red flowers, press five bundles of vegetarian dishes", a hundred red peony is worth twenty-five silks, how expensive it is! Then, it goes without saying that "hang a curtain on it, weave a fence next to it, sprinkle water to seal the mud, and move the same color", and its treasure is no different from jewelry.

The above is only an objective description, and it was not until "everyone was puzzled" that the author's tendency was revealed; However, the exact meaning of "ignorance" needs further clarification. Some of Bai Juyi's satirical poems are often reasonable, and finally abstract comments. This poem avoids this situation. When he witnessed these fanatical flower buyers spending money like water, giving out the feeling that everyone is obsessed, he suddenly found an "Tian She Weng" who occasionally bought flowers from the hungry and cold countryside, saw him bow his head and heard him sigh. This extremely sharp contrast reveals the essence of social life at that time. The poet lost no time in taking a close-up of "bowing his head and sighing alone", and excavated all the subtext from the expression of "bowing his head" and the voice of "sighing": just buying a bunch of "burning a hundred red flowers" squandered the tax grain of ten middle-class families! This epigram makes readers suddenly realize that the original "Tian She Weng" who looks at flowers is actually a person who spends money on flowers! By extension, these "noble" flower buyers, their food, clothing, housing and transportation all come from the "tax" squeezed from the working people! With the help of Tian She Weng, the poet sharply reflected the contradiction between exploitation and being exploited. It is very valuable to dare to write people's voices with your own poetry creation.

Tung Blossom

Bai Juyi's fairy tales

Spring has a constant wait, and Qingming Tung originates.

Under this dam, where tung flowers bloom in October?

What are the physical changes in Iraq? Faith is the best choice.

The earth's atmosphere began to become friendly, but the weather became deadly.

Strong vegetation is hard to take away.

When the weather is not beautiful, glory and withering are good.

I'm from the north and can't stand the heat in the south.

How can you eat, drink and be merry when you are strong?

Make an appreciative comment

Bai Juyi (772 ~ 846), Han nationality, became a layman in his later years and was born in Xiangshan and Xinzheng, Henan. He was a great realistic poet in China in the Tang Dynasty and a famous poet and writer with far-reaching influence in the history of China literature. His poetry has a wide range of themes, diverse forms and popular language, and is known as the demon of poets and the king of poetry. Official to Hanlin bachelor, Zuo Zanshan doctor. Up to now, there are Bai's "Changqing Collection", and the representative works include Song of Eternal Sorrow, Charcoal Man, Pipa Travel and so on. Bai Juyi's former residence memorial hall is located in the suburb of Luoyang. Bai Yuan (the tomb of Bai Juyi) is located at Pipa Peak in the south of Luoyang. Answer "Tonghua"

Bai Juyi's answer to Tonghua

There are many green trees, and Zitong is unique. The leaves are heavy, the clouds are blue and the flowers are purple Xia Ying.

It's a day in March. It's warm in spring and sunny in Shan Yu. The night is shallow to the moon, and the fragrance is light with the wind.

There are many businessmen among the travelers, while Li Meng is in the house. No one appreciates love, and he is a loner.

Hands climbing flowers upright, feet pedaling flowers. Where there is no pity, death wants to raise its voice.

Cut it for the son of heaven and carve it in the shape of an ancient man. Cloud regarded me as a tool and recommended it to Mu Qing.

Honesty is the heart of a gentleman, and fear is not the feeling of vegetation. Hu loves Qihua and hurts his life.

No god is better than an old turtle with its intestines cut off. The rooster cut off his tail and refused to sacrifice.

This is a good color. The flowers are purple and Ye Qingqing. It is right to obey the nature of heaven and earth and endure the punishment of knives and axes.

I want five Li Ding and nine cities. The monarch is planted in the main hall, and flowers and leaves give birth to light crystals.

On the moon, the laurel tree is in the middle and the lower steps are in front. Pan blows incense burner smoke and hides axe and algae screen.

Cloth shade for the monarch, when the summer shade Xuan Ying. Heavy green space, peaches and plums dare not fight.

Clear rhyme for you, the wind comes like knocking on Joan. Zheng Wei ignored those noisy voices.

Thank you for your seal. You don't just spit incense. Help you make a spring order and blossom in the unfathomable.

Thank you for your rain and dew, you not only include Fang Rong. No kidding, Brother Feng.

Because of your years of service, it is not completely owned. Grow tall branches for the monarch, and the phoenix will sing on them.

Long live Ming Chengzu, you live as long as a mountain. Once again, ten thousand people are peaceful and peaceful.

What's the use? You're stuck in a rock. As time goes by, you sit alone and wither.

Please write the rest of the questions on the tung branch. When I have power, I will go to Xiandan Pavilion.