As the daughter of an important ruling royal family in Europe, Princess Margaret was regarded as a candidate for the marriage of major royal families from an early age. 1560, her parents wanted her to marry Prince Don Carlos of Philip II. 15-year-old Don Carlos commented that "this young princess is the most beautiful" when he saw Margaret in the portraits of many bride candidates. However, this plan and the marriage between Margaret and Rudolph, the son of Maximilian II, in 1563 fell through.
At the beginning of French religious differences, Catherine de Medici sent her daughter and youngest son Franco-Helck to Amboise on 1562, while Henry and Carl stayed in the Louvre to live with their mother. From June 1564 to May 1566, Margaret and her brother Charlie completed a trip to the kingdom together.
When Margaret returned to Paris, she fell in love with the young third-generation Duke of Gith, Henry I de Lorraine, and they even considered getting married. However, the marriage between them was unacceptable to the French royal family at that time, because the Gies family was a staunch Catholic member and the backbone of France's opposition to Huguenots. At that time, the ruling family valued the political balance between Catholicism and Huguenots. Henry de Lorraine's court position was temporarily cancelled, and soon he was forced to marry Catherine de Clive, the goddaughter of the Queen Mother.
1565, Margaret's marriage plan with Portuguese Crown Prince Sebastian fell through; After the death of her sister Elizabeth, she tried to marry Philip II, who became a widower, but failed. Completely for the purpose of maintaining the stability of the dynasty, King Charles IX and his mother began planning the marriage of Catholic Margaret and Protestant Crown Prince Henry of Navarra from 1570. Its purpose is to reconcile the contradiction between French Protestants Huguenot and Catholics, so as to realize the Saint-Germain-Anglo peace agreement signed at the end of the third Huguenot War. This plan is very special, because the political marriage of believers of two different sects was basically ignored by the ruling class in Europe at that time.
After that, a long and difficult marriage negotiation began, which was held in Tours and bulova Castle by Henry's mother Jenny Debrett and Margaret's mother Catherine respectively. At the beginning of the negotiations, both sides hoped that the other side would change its sect and join its own, but this hope was obviously impossible. 1572 In April, the draft agreement signed by both parties in bulova Castle clearly stipulated that marriage does not require both parties to change their religion.
Although Margaret knew nothing about her future husband, and even resented that her reputation was too dirty, she had to agree to get married under the pressure of her mother. Or at least for the next few years, she still supports this proposal. Although it is not mentioned at all in her memoirs, an earlier oil painting provides evidence for this.
The last marriage certificate was signed in Paris on August 1572. According to the agreement, Margaret should get a high dowry: Charles IX paid her 300,000 gold crowns, while Katrina provided 20 Wan Li francs. In addition, her brothers Henry III and Fran? ois Helck paid 25.000 Riffle. At the same time, Margaret gave up her right to inherit the valois family. In fact, these dowries are only partially or completely unpaid. After the signing ceremony, Archbishop Charles de Bourbon of Rouen and the groom's parents held a formal engagement ceremony in the Louvre.
According to Margaret's memoir, an oil painting recreating her bedroom scene in St. Bartholomew's night, Alexander Vla gunnar,19th century, Louvre.
The next day (1572 August 18), they even got married without waiting for the necessary papal pardon. The wedding was held in the lobby of Notre Dame de Paris, because King Henry of Navarra refused to enter the mass hall of any Catholic church. Then there was a rumor that Margaret didn't answer when she was asked if she would marry King Henry of Navarra. Finally, her brother Henry held her head and forced her to nod. This myth was recorded by the historian Pierre Mathieu and became famous all over the world. After the wedding, the carnival celebration lasted until August 2 1572.
As the entourage of King Henry of Navarra, many Huguenots also came to Paris to attend his wedding. An unsuccessful assassination of Calvinist gaspard de Corini became the fuse of the night in San Bartolomeu. In this massacre, a large number of Huguenots were killed, so Margaret's wedding was also recorded in the chronicle as "bloody Paris wedding". King Henry of Navarra was arrested and forced to convert to Catholicism. Catherine de Medici used the bloody massacre as an excuse to suggest that her daughter cancel her marriage, but Margaret refused and faithfully supported her new husband. Therefore, although King Henry of Navarra should have converted to Catholicism, he, Margaret and Fran? ois Helck are still under house arrest in the Louvre.
Margaret's memoir is the only written description of the San Bartholme massacre in the same period except the major events recorded by Jean de Megan, secretary of Cardinal laroche Foucault, in the Louvre. According to Margaret's description, Gabrielle de Levis was a Huguenot. She followed her husband and hid in her bedroom because she was followed by her brother Charlie's guards. Margaret interceded for him and finally saved his life. Dumas reappeared this scene in his novel Princess Margot. 1573, Prince Henry of France was elected King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania under the impetus of Catherine de Medici, and left Paris for Krakow. During the same period, French aristocrats formed a political alliance composed of moderate Protestants and Catholics: Les Malcontents (French: Dissatisfaction). They are committed to stabilizing the reconciliation between the two major religions in France and striving for more power for Protestantism. Although Prince Henry, Margaret and Fran? ois Helck of Navarra are still under house arrest in the Louvre, they still try their best to participate in the activities of this alliance. By the time of Charles IX's death in May 1574, the disgruntled alliance was considered to be the biggest promoter of the Confession Tuesday plot (also known as the Wansene plot). Their aim is to make Fran? ois Helck become the next king of France instead of Prince Henry who is still in Poland, because Fran? ois is more tolerant on religious issues than his brother. This plot was exposed in February 1574; Ironically, this is the result of Margaret's close relationship with her mother Catherine, and her motivation is still unknown. Fran? ois Helck and Crown Prince Henry of Navarra were therefore detained in Vinson Castle. The conspirators' first escape ended in failure, and two of their supporters, Joseph Boniface de larmor and Count Hannibal de Cochraus, were sentenced to death. Margaret's second escape failed, and this time it didn't have too bad consequences. Finally, under the impetus of Catherine de Medici, a committee composed of parliamentarians was set up to investigate the real situation of the conspiracy. So,1April 574, Margaret wrote a document defending her husband: memory evidence supporting Henry de Bourbon. This document played a vital role in the investigation, which convinced the Committee that Franco Helck and Prince Henry of Navarra were not involved in this conspiracy. So they were sent back to Paris, but they were still under close surveillance, just like after the silent night in Saint Bathori.
Despite the unfavorable situation, Francois-Helck finally escaped from the Louvre to Deleux on September 1575 with Margaret's help. Although it is impossible to prove whether Margaret was involved in the incident, Henry III still suspects that she is an accomplice and puts her under house arrest and closely monitors her.
1576 In February, Prince Henry of Navarra fled Paris in the footsteps of Fran? ois Helck, and Margaret did not participate in his escape plan. However, her suspicions intensified. At the same time, Henry's escape separated the couple for two years, which also alienated them.
At the same time, Fran? ois Helck began to openly side with Protestants. He reorganized disgruntled Protestants for himself and Crown Prince Henry of Navarra, and established his own military strength. Margaret was kept under house arrest in the Louvre until Fran? ois Helck refused peace talks on the grounds that she was a royal prisoner, and Henry III ordered her to be released. After the peace talks, Margaret and her mother lived between the Palace and the Huguenot Representative Department (1576 was established by the Royal Decree of Bovary).
Finally, she was allowed to find her husband, and for the next three and a half years, Margaret and her husband lived a life that was criticized in Bo. Everyone has an open lover and often quarrels. Margaret returned to the French royal family after her illness in 1582. But Henry III resented her reputation and forced her to leave the royal family. After long negotiations, she was allowed to return to her husband's country. But she got the cold shoulder. In order to tide over the difficulties, she staged a coup in her fief, Argan, and seized power. After months of defense, the citizens of Argan got up and took her to Kara Castle. 1586, she was imprisoned by Henry III in Overwien Castle, where she spent 18 years. 1592, the negotiation between her and Henry to dissolve the engagement began for seven years, 1599, and the negotiation ended with retaining her title of queen. In the near future, her ex-husband will become one of the most popular kings in France.
During these years, Margaret wrote her memoirs. This memoir was published in 1658 after her death. The memoir describes the life of her brother and ex-husband in the form of a story. Beautiful and strong, Margaret has many lovers, among which the famous ones are Joseph Boniface de larmor, Jacques de Halle, Lord de Chang Huaron and Beech de Ann Breuers.
However, her beauty gradually faded, she fell into poverty, and the debtor came to beg for it. In despair, she sold all her jewels. She reconciled with her ex-husband and his second wife, Marie de Medicis, and returned to Paris to become a consultant for poor artists and patrons. She often helps to plan court activities and raise the children of Henry IV and Mary. She died in Paris on May 27th 16 15 and was buried in a church in valois. Thousands of people who loved her mourned her departure and the demise of the Valois dynasty.