What are the two books that Hu Shi took with him when he left Beijing?

Hu Shi, who left in a hurry, had no time to sort out his books and personal documents. Except for his father's chronicle manuscript and several articles about Zhu, even the manuscript of Outline of China's Philosophical History was not found and taken away, not to mention his tens of thousands of books, as well as personal documents such as manuscripts, diaries, letters and photos. These items can only be stored in five stacks in the backyard of Dongchang Hutong 1 where he lives, and his son Hu Sidu will stay to look after them.

Where is Hu Shi's book collection now?

19481February, Hu Shi flew out of Beiping in a hurry, without taking away a large number of personal data such as books, manuscripts, letters, diaries and photos that have been treasured for many years. 1957, Hu Shi made a will in new york, leaving all this collection to Peking University. Half a century has passed, and these precious cultural relics have not been fully sorted out and studied. Many overseas scholars are still asking around: "Where are Hu Shi's private books and documents now?"

Hu Shi left Ping in a hurry, leaving behind not only his own books and personal documents, but also the precious wealth of the whole academic and cultural circles.

/kloc-in the winter of 0/948, the People's Liberation Army surrounded Beiping City, and Tsinghua University in the suburbs was liberated first. It is rumored that Peking University will move south in this city. Hu Shi, president of Peking University, denied the rumor many times: "If Peking University leaves Beiping, it can't be called Peking University, so there is no reason to move." In fact, not only Peking University has no intention of moving south, but Hu Shi himself is completely unprepared to leave. It was not until1February 12 that Hu Shi received a telegram from Zhu Jiahua, Minister of Education in Nanjing, saying that "a special plane will be sent to Beijing to pick you up and Chen Yinque's family tomorrow", and he suddenly changed his mind and decided to leave Beiping. /kloc-on the afternoon of 0/3, Hu Shi and Chen Yinque could not reach the airport because the gate was not opened, so they could not make it. That night, they got in touch with Fu, director of the North Parallel Well, and agreed to send them to the airport by special car the next morning. 14, Hu and Chen flew to Nanjing.

Hu Shi, who left in a hurry, could not arrange his books and personal documents in time, so he failed to carry some books with him like Chen Yinque. In fact, he took away the manuscript of his father's chronicle and several articles about Zhu, and even the manuscript of the Outline of China's Philosophical History was not found and taken away, not to mention his manuscripts, diaries, letters, photos and other tens of thousands of books and personal documents. These items can only be stored in five stacks in his backyard at Dongchang Hutong 1, and his son Hu Sidu will stay to look after them.

According to Hu Shi's position in China's cultural history and ideological history, this anthology also has extremely important academic research value. The book collection system can reveal the formation and origin of his academic thoughts, and personal files provide real and concrete rich materials for researchers to deeply understand his philosophy, history, literature, politics, morality and education.

Ouyang Shengzhe, an expert on Hu Shi's studies in Peking University History Department, told reporters that Hu Shi has been studying history for many years and has a "historical addiction", so he has always attached great importance to collection. What's more, he has become famous at the age of 26, and he is confident to become an important figure in China's cultural circles, so he pays more attention to collecting personal files. He must keep the bottom of the letter, otherwise he will explain in the letter that he did not keep the manuscript and ask the other party to return it after reading the letter. He collected documents so consciously, and his life has been rich and stable, which is guaranteed by objective conditions. "So," Ouyang Shengzhe said, "Hu Shi is not the biggest bibliophile, but he can be said to be a generation of cultural masters with the most complete personal data."

Hu Shi lived in Beiping for a long time before 1948, so almost all the books and documents he "deliberately" collected were stored in his apartment in Beiping. It is conceivable that such a rich and complete historical document has great research value. This is not only the personal wealth of Hu Shi, but also the great wealth of China culture and academic circles.

So, what happened to this wealth? Where is it now?

Witnesses prove that at the end of 1948, Hu Shi's manuscripts, documents and books were all packed. 102 large wooden cases, all stored in Songgong House and Tanbei University Library.

After all, history has passed half a century. Hu Shi himself died in 1962, and his son Hu Sidu committed suicide as early as 1957. Other parties related to this collection have also passed away. Now, there are only a few real insiders. Fortunately, his student and assistant, Mr. Deng Guangming, a famous professor in the history department of Peking University, has been paying attention to the whereabouts of this collection. As a "witness" of that year, Mr. Deng testified in person on1June, 995 14.

"Hu's works, manuscripts and letters, etc. , all stored in the five stacks in the backyard of Dongchang Hutong 1. By the end of 1948, the dust of the peaceful liberation of Peiping had settled, but the PLA had not yet entered the city. Peking University sent librarian Guo Songnian and others to Dongchang Hutong 1 to box all the manuscripts, documents and books hidden in Hu's library, and * * * packed them in 102 boxes (wooden boxes were made during Hu War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's period, when all books were sent to bank of tianjin Insurance), and all of them were transported to Song Gongfu Peking University Library for safekeeping. I was still living in Dongchang Hutong 1, and I could only witness it with my own eyes. Although it has been more than 40 years, my memory is not wrong. "

Through Deng Xiaonan, the daughter of Mr. Deng Guangming, the reporter found Shen Naiwen, who had assisted Mr. Deng in his work, and obtained a lot of extremely valuable first-hand materials from him. Shen Naiwen told reporters that he had asked Mr. Deng to investigate Hu Shi's book collection. Mr. Deng told him clearly that he witnessed the whole process of packing. After packaging, "there is not even a piece of paper left." Moreover, not only Hu Shi's books and correspondence documents are boxed, but even Deng Guangming's books in Hu's family are packed together, and together with some daily necessities of Hu's family, they all moved to the Peking University Library in Songgong Mansion by the sea.

According to Shen Naiwen's investigation, the sorting, packaging and handover was presided over by Hu Sidu, and the participants at that time included Mao Zhun, Wang Zhongmin, Guo Songnian, Zhang Guangyi, Wang Youxin and others from Peking University Library. 1995, Wang Youxin, who was still alive at that time, also provided the same certificate as Mr. Deng Guangming.

Since 1948, Hu Shi himself never returned to Beijing, and his son Hu Sidu died prematurely. The collections stored in Peking University Library are placed by the people's government. 1in July, 954, the official reply of the Beijing Municipal People's Court to Peking University was: "Hu Shi's articles have been reported to the Municipal People's Government and are temporarily kept by your unit. Hu Shi and other cultural relics books can be temporarily used for teaching and research in your school during their custody. " 1960, most of Hu Shi's books were moved from the former site of Peking University Library in Songgongfu Beach to the present site of Yanyuan Garden in Haidian. 1962, the remaining ones were also moved to Yanyuan.

Hu Shi made a will in 1957, and presented his books and documents to Peking University.

Of course, Hu Shi can never forget the collection of books and documents in Beiping, which is the spiritual wealth he accumulated as a scholar and historian for most of his life. 1on June 4th, 957, he made a will in new york, and made special mention of this collection of books and documents in several very concise clauses. Due to historical and political reasons, he said in his will: "I am sure that Peking University in Peiping, China will restore academic freedom, and I will deliver and bequeath all the books and documents in the 102 box left by the university library when I had to leave Peiping in February 1948." Aside from political factors, it is not difficult to see Hu Shi's deep affection for Peking University and his nostalgia for literature collection from the perspective of human feelings.

1962, Hu Shi died in Taiwan Province province. Chinese mainland was in turmoil at that time, and people knew nothing about Hu Shi's will.

1987, Shen Naiwen, who works in Peking University Library, came across the news about Hu Shi's will published in Biography magazine of Taiwan Province Province, but Peking University Library didn't know about Hu Shi's entrustment of those books and documents until now. 1March, 1993, then curator Zhuang Shoujing visited Taiwan and made a special trip to Taiwan Province Hu Shi Memorial Hall to look for Hu Shi's wishes. Lv Shiqiang, director of Taiwan Province Hu Shi Memorial Hall, asked Wu Dayou, then president of Taiwan Academia Sinica. In May, Wu Dayou personally came forward and agreed to provide Peking University with the Chinese and English versions of Hu Shi's will.

Hu Shi's will has long been widely known overseas. Many overseas scholars inquire about Hu Shi's books and documents in Peking University in various ways, and ask whether a special library has been set up to collect Hu Shi's books and materials. Faced with such a cordial and eager inquiry, Peking University Library was deeply embarrassed. This is not only because some of Hu Shi's books in Peking University Library have been lost, but more importantly, some precious and rare ancient books, Hu Shi's letters, manuscripts and other most valuable personal files have already been transferred out of Peking University Library.

1954, Hu Shi's books and documents experienced the first mysterious division; 1964, the second division was recorded. Hu Shi's book collection has been "the top three" since then.

In fact, Peking University Library only has ordinary books in Hu Shi's collection, 105 kinds of rare ancient books are now in Beijing Library, and15,000 kinds of Hu Shi's letters, manuscripts and other documents are in the Institute of Modern History of China Academy of Social Sciences. So, when, where and how are these collections divided? Things should start with 1954 criticizing Hu Shi.

1954, in order to prepare materials for criticizing Hu Shi, the Propaganda Department of the CPC took most of Hu Shi's letters, documents and diaries from Peking University Library. According to Shen Naiwen, who has done a lot of research, the reference room of the Propaganda Department of the Communist Party of China, after taking Hu Shi's letters, documents and diaries, sorted out Reference Materials for Hu Shi's Thought Criticism, published them in the name of "Secretariat of the Working Committee of Hu Shi's Thought Criticism Seminar" and distributed them internally for national criticism. Mr. Deng Guangming has always believed that these pamphlets are important clues to find out the whereabouts of Hu Shi's letters, diaries and documents. Mr. Deng clearly said to Guo Songnian of Peking University Library a long time ago: "1954, when criticizing Hu Shi's idealism and pragmatism, the Propaganda Department of the CPC published pamphlets such as Selected Diaries of Hu Shi and Selected Letters of Hu Shi, and the words" for criticism "were printed on the cover of each volume. What materials are used to print these brochures? They must have been taken out of Hu Shi's book box in Peking University. " As for why there were no evidence and procedures for extraction, Mr. Deng guessed: "This is probably because the person in charge of Peking University Library thought that it was a heavy burden to continue to preserve Hu Shi's things and should be disposed of as soon as possible, so the Propaganda Department of the Communist Party of China did not require any procedures when extracting them."

Shen Naiwen's investigation confirmed Mr. Deng's conjecture. He said: "The criticism of Hu Shi in 1954 was an extremely serious class struggle led by the central government at that time. Peking University resolutely implemented the CPC Propaganda Department's policy of consulting Hu Shi's letters and documents stored in Peking University Library as a political task. The actions of the propaganda department of the CPC are not public. Moreover, at that time, Hu Shi's books and correspondence documents were still stored in the stacks above the original site of Peking University Library in Songgongfu, the beach. At that time, the Propaganda Department of the Library of the Communist Party of China had been stationed in the original site downstairs of Peking University Library, and the collection of books only moved from upstairs to downstairs, leaving no formalities for Peking University. "

After the vigorous criticism of the Hu movement, these letters, diaries and other documents as data and evidence have not been returned to their original owners so far. 1958, the reference room of the Propaganda Department of the Communist Party of China was dissolved, and these documents were handed over to the Institute of Modern History of China Academy of Social Sciences (then the Institute of Modern History of China Academy of Sciences), with Li Shu as its director. 1June, 1995, the staff of the Propaganda Department of the CPC who knew the situation at that time also testified.

In fact, the first split of 1954 was not the only one. 1964, Hu Shi's books and documents were classified for the second time, and this time, they were accurately recorded.

1In the second half of 962, Xu Pingyu, Vice Minister of Culture, called a meeting and decided to distribute Hu Shi's books and correspondence documents. The distribution method is as follows: 105 rare ancient books are handed over to Beijing Library for collection, the rest 124 Hu Shi's letters and documents are handed over to the Institute of Modern History of China Academy of Social Sciences, and ordinary books continue to be kept by Peking University Library.

At the beginning of 1964, this division was completed as required. Peking University Library still keeps the list of books and documents in this volume.

Hu Shi's books and documents have been "the top three" since then.

Peking University Library had hoped to put its books in one place according to the will, but the conditions were not mature at that time and the merger problem was not solved.

Of course, the fact that things are divided into three places does not mean that this collection has not been sorted out and used at all. If researchers need to consult Hu Shi's letters, documents, diaries and other materials, they can take the company's letter of introduction to the library of the Institute of Modern History, which is open to the public twice a week. The procedure is not complicated. Go to the rare books reading room in Beitu, and with the catalogue of titles, you can probably find the rare books collected by Hu Shi. In the library of Peking University, if you are lucky, you may happen to borrow Hu Shi's book and give you an unexpected surprise. The reporter once accidentally borrowed the magazine Independent Review with Hu Shi's autograph and seal from Peking University Library, and wrote a brief preface.

However, for specialized research, such sorting and collection is not enough. Researchers can't see the systematicness of Hu Shi's book collection from these scattered books, nor can they easily use the original complete materials and books. Therefore, the academic circles have been working hard for a long time, hoping to put all the books in one place, and on this basis, establish the "Hu Shi Library" to make the best use of these books. What's more, this collection belongs to Hu Shi's private property, and his legacy in his will should be respected and implemented. On September 30th this year, China Reading Newspaper published an article by Professor Chen Pingyuan from the Chinese Department of Peking University, The Idea of Establishing Hu Shi Library. For the first time, scholars put forward the desire of "respecting the right of survival of the fittest, and the academic community urgently requires the use of these materials".

According to Lin Beidian, director of Peking University Library, since 1993, Peking University Library has been trying to recover this collection. 1March, 1994, Peking University Library sent a letter to Beitu, asking Beitu to return the 105 rare books collected by Hu Shi to Peking University Library according to Hu Shi's will. Beitu understands this, but it can only be returned after instructions from relevant leading departments. So,1February, 995, the professor contacted seven members of the university and wrote a joint letter to the Eighth National Committee, hoping to solve the problem of Hu Shi's book collection and literature. At the same time, Lin personally wrote to the central leadership, detailing the whole story.

These two letters attracted the attention of the central leadership, and the State Council sought the opinions of the Ministry of Culture and the China Academy of Social Sciences. At this time, the leadership of Beitu changed, and the new director also admitted the fact of accepting and preserving Hu Shi's private books. However, they think that the division of Hu Shi's books has its historical reasons, and we should be cautious about the problems left over from history. As a national library, Beitu has the best conditions. Therefore, they think it is best for them to keep these books.

According to the modern history of China Academy of Social Sciences, Peking University's requirements are "not in line with the actual situation". They said that the personal data collected by Hu Shi in modern history "did not come from Peking University, nor was it distributed by the Ministry of Culture". When they moved into the institute's present address-Dongchang Hutong 1 (that is, Hu Shi's residence), they found a large number of letters and documents in Hu Shi's office that he failed to sort out and carry. These documents are preserved in modern history and should be regarded as inherent in modern history. In addition, in their collection, another batch of documents was donated by Wang Zhongmin and collected from the History Museum, and only a small part came from Peking University.

In view of Hu Shi's will, they think that the legal effect of this will is doubtful, and how to interpret it needs further discussion. On the whole, they think that Peking University can't produce tangible evidence to prove the fact that 1954 and 1964 have two campuses.

In view of the failure of the three parties to reach an understanding and the merger plan has not yet started, 1995 is convenient to stop.

Recently, when the reporter interviewed this matter again, the person in charge of Beitu had changed. Although the staff of Beitu are very supportive of the reporter's interview, they can't find any inside information. Journalists even need to brief relevant staff in turn to help them find insiders. A staff member of the business department told the reporter after many days' inquiries that the rare books collected by Hu Shi were not stored separately, but kept in the rare books library, which was open to readers like other books and was in a normal utilization state. The staff stressed: "The rare books of Beitu are in very good condition."

When the reporter asked if Beitu intended to return these books according to Hu Shi's will, the staff member said: "At the beginning, these books were given to Beitu by the government, not Peking University. Since this was a government act at the beginning, we have no reason to return the book to others ourselves now. "

People from the Institute of Modern History of China Academy of Social Sciences are unwilling to talk about this matter.

In-depth academic research, the collation and utilization of data is fundamental. Hu Shi's literature collection is not only a material wealth.

Due to historical and political reasons, Hu Shi's research started late in Chinese mainland, but it developed quite rapidly. Chen Pingyuan, a professor of Chinese Department in Peking University, said: "In recent years, the academic circles in China are keen on rediscovering Hu Shi. In my opinion, it has crossed the stage of' political rehabilitation' and is closely related to the research trend of academic history in the 1990 s. "

Academic research needs the backing of historical materials. In the field of Hu Shi's research, we vigorously carry out the collation and research of materials. Not to mention foreign countries and Taiwan Province Province, the mainland has made many gratifying achievements since the late 1970s. 1979, the Institute of Modern History of China Academy of Social Sciences edited and published Selected Letters of Hu Shi, and 1985 edited and published two volumes of Hu Shi's Diary, including * * * 19 10,192/kloc. 1994, Huangshan Bookstore photocopied and published 42 volumes of Hu Shi's Legacy and Secret Collection Letters compiled by modern history. The price of this big book is 26,000 yuan per set. Although scholars don't have the financial resources for personal collection, they can use the library's collection for research. In addition, there are Hu Shi's Correspondence Collection edited by Geng and Ouyang, Hu Shi's Boutique edited by more than 4 million words, Hu Shi's Argument edited by Geng with more than 3 million words, Hu Shi's Collected Works to be published by Peking University Publishing House this year, and 12 volume edited by Ouyang with more than 6 million words. It is reported that the Complete Works of Hu Shi compiled by Anhui Education Publishing House is also in progress.

Faced with such a vast research space and such an important research topic, scholars all have a common desire, that is, to make full use of existing materials and use information systems such as "Hu Shi Library" or Hu Shi Library Catalogue to carry out further research. No matter where Hu Shi's books and documents end up, the most important thing is to end the situation of being divided into three places and beheaded. Lin Beidian, director of Peking University Library, told the reporter: "The letters and documents left by Hu Shi in those years attracted worldwide attention. I hope that through consultation with several related families, these precious documents will be concentrated in one place, so that they can give full play to their functions. As scholars and literary workers, they should be able to understand this and take the lead in doing this. " Shen Naiwen, who has been paying attention to this matter, told reporters: "Studying history must first respect history, and studying Hu Shi must also respect Hu Shi's own wishes. After all, this is Hu Shi's private property, which he deposited in Peking University, not abandoned by him, nor confiscated by the party and the government. Therefore, it should be handled according to Hu Shi's own wishes. "

Hu Shi's books and documents are not only the heritage and wealth in the material sense, but also the spiritual wealth belonging to China's cultural circles. At the end of the interview, Ouyang Shengzhe told the reporter: "No matter who collects it, the most important thing is to sort out, use and study this collection of materials to maximize its value."

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