In the further excavation of the ancient tomb, archaeologists found a complete sarcophagus. Open the sarcophagus, and a beautifully carved imitation palace sarcophagus, which can be called stone carving art, jumps into the eye. The plane of the sarcophagus is rectangular, in the shape of three houses with relief, with a length of1.92m, a width of 0.89m and a height of1.22m. The coffin lid is carved from a whole stone, and six stones are embedded in the lower part of the coffin lid, with a door in the middle and windows on both sides. Arches, doors, windows and tiles are carved on both sides, and patterns such as Qinglong, Suzaku and attendants are engraved on the lines, just like the mountain-leaning buildings in the Sui Dynasty. That is, it consists of two large cornices, two small cornices on both sides and two vertical isosceles triangular walls. Who is the owner of such a luxurious sarcophagus because Jiaojiu Ridge, also known as Jiuji Hall or Hanhe Hall and Caotang, is the epitome of this roof? According to the epitaph, the owner of the tomb was a 9-year-old girl named Li, the fourth daughter of Zuo Guanglu, a doctor of Sui Dynasty, and the secretariat. Li Jiashi was prominent. Her great-grandfather was a general in the Northern Zhou Dynasty and the duke of Hexi County. Grandfather Li Chong, a great star, was on an equal footing with Emperor Wu of Zhou when he was young, and later cooperated with Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty to conquer the world. He was emperor for three years (AD 583) and died in the war against the Turkish invasion at the age of 48. Yang Jiannian, Emperor Wen of Sui Dynasty, remembered Li Chong's great achievements and died for his country. Therefore, he gave Li Chong's son Li Minye a favor and let him stay in the palace since he was a child. In the early years of Emperor Wudi of the Han Dynasty, Xuan Di's only daughters, Yu Wenyun and Yang Lihua (the eldest daughter of Emperor Wendi of the Sui Dynasty and Xuan Di of the Northern Zhou Dynasty, who was honored as the Empress Dowager), personally chose CoCo Lee as their husband.
According to the epitaph, Li was spoiled by his grandmother Yang Lihua since childhood and has been raised in the palace. However, in the four years of her great career (AD 608), she "finally died of illness in Fenyuan Palace" (epitaph). "Fenyuan Palace is Fenyang Palace, that is to say, Li should be taken away with Yang Lihua. Compared with other tombs of the same period, Li's burial place and burial method are particularly special. According to the epitaph, after Li's death, he was buried in Wanshan Temple in Xiuxiangli, Chang 'an County, Jingzhao in February of 65438+. "Jingzhao" refers to Daxing City, the capital of Sui Dynasty (Chang 'an in Tang Dynasty) at that time, and "Xiuxiangli" (called Fang in Tang Dynasty) is located in Erfang, the second street southwest of the imperial city in Daxing City. " This means that Li was buried in Daxing City after his death. "Wang Yuanyin said," After the Han people in China entered the feudal society, according to the funeral etiquette, they often chose the burial place in the suburbs far from their place of residence. Especially in the Sui and Tang Dynasties, other tombs of the same period were rarely found in the city. Li's tomb is also the second tomb of Sui Dynasty found in Gyeonggi area so far. However, Wanshanni Temple is not an ordinary Buddhist temple, but a royal Buddhist temple, where many concubines are buried. With Li's love at that time, it is understandable to be buried here. "
Judging from the way of burial, Li's nearly 26-square-meter tomb has no other artifacts except 1 square epitaph, four bricks and sarcophagus. The stone burial tools used in the Sui Dynasty were more common with the sarcophagus bed, but even the sarcophagus had a common style, and its users had certain particularity. Wang Yuanyin said: "Before Li, there were only a handful of people who used the chamber sarcophagus, and there was no provision in the Sui and Tang Dynasties that officials of any level could use the sarcophagus. According to the analysis of the tomb owners who used stone burial tools before the Anshi Rebellion in Sui and Tang Dynasties, sarcophagus and sarcophagus were only used for members of the royal family and ministers with special contributions. Li is the favorite grandson of Empress Dowager Cixi. It is very generous to enjoy the sarcophagus after death. " Li's tomb is not only a luxurious sarcophagus, but also rich and exquisite funerary objects, which have never been found in other tombs in Sui Dynasty. More than 230 funerary objects were placed in a narrow space of less than 3 square meters between the sarcophagus. In addition to common pottery figurines and a few pottery wares, a large number of treasures have been unearthed, such as gold wares, including gold necklaces inlaid with jewels, gold rings, gold cups and gold ornaments, as well as glassware, jade and stone tools, steel products, bones, wood lacquerware and silk fabrics. Among them, gold necklaces and bracelets are Persian products, and glass bottles and perfumes are also foreign. From these funerary objects, we can see that pottery figurines and pottery belong to sacrificial ceremonies. Pottery, porcelain, copper, iron, bone, wood and lacquerware are all kinds of daily clothes, and almost all the daily necessities needed by the deceased are buried. For a 9-year-old girl, even if she was deeply spoiled before her death, it was beyond the scope allowed by the general etiquette system.
Through the interpretation of the epitaph, we speculate that it is very likely that Yang Lihua presided over Li's funeral. First of all, Yang Lihua devoted too much affection to the granddaughter Li. Secondly, according to historical documents, Yang Lihua is a stubborn woman with strong will. She couldn't let go of Yang Jian's replacement of the Northern Zhou Dynasty, as can be seen from the title of' Queen Zhou' in the epitaph. Thirdly, since Buddhism was introduced into China, the wind of building pagodas for relics has gradually flourished. During the reign of Emperor Wen of Sui Dynasty, Buddhism was greatly promoted. Yang Lihua is not only the queen of the Northern Zhou Dynasty, but also the princess of the Sui Dynasty, and she herself is immersed in Buddhism, so she naturally understands the special significance of the chamber-shaped stone burial device in the ritual system.
In this way, Yang Lihua ordered his beloved granddaughter to carve a magnificent palace-like burial utensil, and put it into the sarcophagus by imitating the burial method of relics. In addition, the sarcophagus and sarcophagus tiles are also engraved with extremely rare and severe curses such as "the opener will die". It is reasonable and painstaking to choose Wanshanni Temple as Li's residence. "In this way, Li's tomb can be blessed forever.
A 9-year-old girl lived a luxurious life and enjoyed a heavy funeral after her death, just because she was a special status of royalty. This tomb is not so much a reflection of Li's status as a reflection of her complicated social relations. The intimate and subtle relationship between Li's parents and the royal family, the undertaker's personality and feelings, and personal beliefs were finally transformed into material forms, which were reflected in her resting place after her death.