"Book of Rites" says that "the ancient gentleman must wear jade, and the right corner left the palace feather". When walking, he will encounter different sounds from left to right. Men wear them on their waists and women wear them on their chests. In the Qing Dynasty, it was a fashion for people to wear sachets and wallets. A Yu Pei was often tied to sachets and sachets, so Yu Pei was called Biezi in the Qing Dynasty and began to produce jadeite Biezi. .
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Now in the Palace Museum, you can see the best jadeite in the palace collection at that time. Jade pendant pays the most attention to auspicious meaning. Although simple and simple, "the picture must be intentional and the meaning must be auspicious" is the essence of jade culture for 7,000 years. Probably since the Tang Dynasty, the following themes have been formed. .
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There are many themes of jade pendant, and the most popular theme is "Fudou", which is carved into beans by jade carving. It is said that beans are often used as delicacies in temples, and monks call them "Buddha beans". "More than a year", carved lotus leaves (lotus), carp (rest), some boys riding on carp; Some are carved catfish, which means "there are fish every year". Emerald pepper, which means thriving. "Bless the Soul", carving Ganoderma Lucidum (spirit) and bat (blessing); "Fushou" carved bats (Fu) and peaches (Shou); "Blessing is at hand" carves bats (blessings) and money (heads); "Fushou" carved bergamot; "Fulu" carved gourd; "Fulushou" carved gourd (Fulu) and small beast (Shou). "Immediately seal Hou" to carve a horse (horse) and a monkey (Hou); Two badgers (Huan) are carved at the beginning and end of "Shuanghuan"; "Birthday Macaque" carved peach monkeys. "Descendants" carved gourds, leaves and vines, meaning that there are many seeds in gourds, and vines are homophonic with thousands. Carving bamboo "step by step"; "Three Friends in Cold Years" carved pine, bamboo and plum. .
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Jade carving Guanyin and Buddha, it is often heard that "men wear Guanyin and women wear Buddha". Actually, it's not. In many places in the south, there is no limit to men wearing Buddha and women wearing Guanyin.
1 Look at the color. See if the color is pure, rich and uniform, and use a spotlight flashlight to check whether there are hidden variegated colors. Rich, pure and uniform color, less impurities. Emerald green has a higher price, followed by red and purple. Among the greens, tender and yellowish Mabel Miao (also called "Yang Miao" green) with three parts of water is the best, followed by emerald green, river green and oil green, which are evenly distributed.
② Observe the transparency. Observing under strong light, the higher the transparency, the better.
3 Listen to the sound. The knock on the door is crisp and pleasant.
④ Observe emeralds and stone flowers. According to light observation, jadeite has the flash of other mineral particles (namely emerald), and there are often massive white flowers called stone flowers. Both of them get twice the result with half the effort.
⑤ Look at cracks and dark spots. Some cracks exist in the raw ore, and some are caused by processing, so the less the better; Black spots are everywhere in jadeite, so it is better to have fewer and smaller ones.
⑥ Look at the processing level. Smooth surface, good polishing and good shape are preferred.
Tips for jadeite appreciation
First, it depends on its texture. Choose a transparent one. Through the light, you can see that jadeite has some fog or spots, but glass imitations do not have these characteristics. No matter how well this imitation is done, there will be bubbles.
Second, jadeite has a high hardness. The hardness of jadeite is incomparable with other jadeite and glass. Jade can scratch glass, and it is doubtful that it can scratch any trace.
Third, the jade ratio is heavy, and the glass is light.
Fourth, look at the workmanship. It's best to look at it more than four times with a magnifying glass.
Fifth, shop around and compare prices.
The rest is to walk and see more, communicate with experienced people more, especially go to specialty stores, see more genuine products and treasures, and then you will know. In the jade market, in addition to the difference between true and false, there is also the difference between jade itself. The difference between them is not reflected in the difference of several times between prices, but the quality of jadeite should be calculated by square.
The quality of jadeite should be observed from four aspects: color, transparency, shape and whether there are impurities.
The color must be positive, rich and even. Its transparency is better and its texture is delicate.
The shape, size and thickness of jadeite should be appropriate and finely ground.
Glass types of jade
As the name implies, jadeite as clear as glass and crystal is called glass jadeite. It is a high-purity polymer, and its crystal grains are fine to aphanitic. It is dense and strong, and polished into a glass surface. You can see a slight green or blue fluorescence on its side. The stronger the fluorescence, the better the germplasm and the higher the toughness. Generally speaking, glass jadeite is colorless, which is God's way of creation. If you give a colorless seed, you won't give a colored seed. Clear without fish, without impurities, there will be no color. If it is colored, it will be gorgeous and brilliant, and the color will be bright and transparent. At that time, its value was another matter.
We appreciate the colorless, transparent and crystal clear glass jadeite. First, this kind of material is scarce in the whole jadeite raw material, and rare things are precious, which will inevitably turn Cinderella into a noble princess; Secondly, the jewelry carved with this material can experience the pleasure brought by the beautiful effect of jewelry and crystal clear high-grade jewelry; Because the material is tough, it can be carefully carved and give full play to the carving skills of arts and crafts artists, which is the third; The material is clear and flawless, which makes people feel pure, sincere and psychic. It seems to be beyond the world of mortals and calm the restless heart. This is the fourth; It should be collected and handed down from generation to generation. As long as it is not burned, smashed or bumped, it will remain young forever and pass on our thoughts and expectations to future generations.
Glass jadeite is a treasure given to us by nature and the essence of heaven and earth. Avalokitesvara with a thousand hands, which is carefully carved with this material and displayed in the Fushengmen Parkson Juderui craft counter, perfectly shows the selfless, tolerant, sincere and kind attitude of Avalokitesvara and takes Purdue as its own responsibility. Probably because of the kind of glass, its headlights appear red in the photo.
Appreciation of famous sayings
In the long-term practice of jade processing and production, the predecessors of China's jewelry industry have summarized a lot of experience about jade, and expressed these characteristics of jade in the form of concise aphorisms. Remembering these maxims and being able to understand and appreciate their profound connotations will benefit you for life.
Don't look at the color under the lamp.
In fact, any jewelry should not be evaluated under the lamp. This is especially important for jadeite. This is because the color of jadeite, especially the color of jadeite such as flash gray, flash blue and oil blue, has a much better visual effect under light than under natural light. Therefore, under the light, we can only look at the cracks, water head length, reflection degree or other characteristics of jadeite. But to investigate and evaluate the green color of jadeite under natural light.
The color difference is first-class, and the price difference is ten times.
For high-grade jadeite, the price difference is more than ten times. For example: a 500,000 yuan jade ring face and a 5 million yuan jade ring face, what is the quality of jade? Style, size, planting moisture, defects? Both are first-class and impeccable, and the key to the price difference between them lies in the degree of green. How to recognize and distinguish the differences between emerald green is extremely important, at least we have seen and experienced it.
See more and buy less.
For the purchase of jadeite original stone, "seeing more" is a selection process; It is a comparative process; It is also a process of experience accumulation and verification; It is the premise of "buying". "Buy less" does not mean not buying, but reminding you to "look" before buying.
It is better to buy a thread than a big piece.
For the green shape feature in the jadeite original stone, "a line"? The belt is green? Use "a big piece" from skin to green? Are they two representations of the same green shape, or are they "lines"? Standing? Use "film"? The difference between lying and lying. The thickness of "line" is known, but the depth is unknown; The area of the "sheet" is known, but the thickness is unknown. The key to the motto is to remind people not to be confused by the green "more" and "less" on the surface of jadeite, but to recognize the essence of green "standing" and "lying". So, I don't really buy a large piece of green jade, but I remind you not to expect too much from the thickness of green.
There is water all over the dragon.
The so-called "dragon" actually refers to the green color in jade. That is to say, in general, whether in the thickness or transparency of the texture, the green part is stronger than the part without green? Di Zi? , are all better. Of course, sometimes the difference between emerald and the earth is too strong, just like the next proverb. The stool grows tall and green.
Emerald land and emerald green are interdependent and closely related. Generally speaking, when the green water is good, the land is usually not too bad, and vice versa. The motto is mainly to remind people not to ignore the particularity of emerald green. Although not every "shit place" will have advanced green. But the first-class youth can appear in the "shit land".
No locks and no flowers.
"Book of Rites" said: "Da Gui is not coarse, but also beautiful." In fact, high-grade emerald green usually expresses its natural essence in the form of "elements". For example, the fingers and feather tubes in second-hand goods belong to "plain life". If there is a pattern on the sculpture, there must be something fishy under its beautiful pattern. Therefore, there is a saying in the industry that "no locks and no flowers". The same is true of modern jadeite products.
Look at green coldly
The so-called "green" refers to a colorful "fake jade", which is an old trick. At present, there are "bathing", "bathing" and "coating". Of course, any fraud is likely to succeed for a while, but it will never give away the clues. The old adage is for people in the industry, reminding people to pay attention to the feeling at first sight and don't let go of any doubts. Therefore, it is better for consumers to "look on coldly". Be sure to go to a store with good reputation and guaranteed quality to buy jade.
Distinguish between true and false
Jade is the favorite gem of China people. It has been regarded as an auspicious thing since ancient times and has the magic power to ward off evil spirits. Jadeite is one of the rarest and most expensive jadeite varieties. Nowadays, various ornaments, handicrafts and jewels made of jadeite are loved by many art collectors and consumers in China. However, most people know nothing about jade. Recently, Xinde Jade Jintan Store has provided us with this knowledge, hoping to let people know more about jade through publicity, so as to identify the true and false.
The "species" of jadeite refers to the structure and structure of jadeite. It is an important symbol of jade quality. Newly "planted" jadeite (also known as new pit and new factory, etc. ) loose texture, coarse particles, uneven thickness, rich in impurity minerals, well-developed cracks and micro-cracks, but the transparency is not necessarily poor, and the specific gravity hardness has declined. Old "planted" jadeite (also known as old pit and old factory, etc. ) The microstructure is fine and dense, the particle size is fine and uniform, and the microcracks are underdeveloped. The hardness ratio is the highest and the quality is good. But transparency is not necessarily good. The new and old jadeite is between the new and old jadeite, and it is the jadeite left on the hillside without natural handling or short-distance handling. New jadeite is the raw material for making jadeite B.
The meaning of "ground" of jadeite is the harmony between the cleanliness of the green part and other parts of jadeite and water (transparency) and color, and the relationship between "species", "water" and "color". Folk call "ground" as "ground tension" or "bottom barrier". The exterior of emerald and emerald should be coordinated. If the emerald green is good, the emerald green and the outer part of the emerald green must be divided into water, so as to set off harmony. If the emerald green is good but the emerald green is divided into water, there are many impurities and the color is dirty, which is called "good color and poor color". The "water" and "species" of jade should be coordinated. For example, the "kind" has good old color, good water quality and less dirty impurities, which set off each other and strongly set off the beauty, luster and value of jade. The structure of the "ground" should be delicate, the color tone should be uniform, the impurities should be less, and there should be some transparency. Only by taking care of each other can we be called "land". Good "ground" is called glass ground, waxy ground and egg white ground. Bad "land" is called lime land, excrement land, etc. Jade with poor water is called "bottom dry"
The "water" of jadeite refers to its transparency, also called water head. The water of jadeite is related to the structure of jadeite, which means it is related to "species". It is also related to the content of impurities, such as the old variety of jadeite water, less impurities, uniform particle size and high purity.
The "fog" of jadeite refers to a kind of semi-oxidized jadeite between jadeite skin (weathered or oxidized) and jadeite interior (not weathered or oxidized) or meat. In essence, it is also a part of jadeite, and it is the transition zone from weathered crust to unweathered meat (jadeite). The color and existence of fog can explain how many impurities there are in jadeite, whether it is "new", transparency and internal cleanliness. But it can't explain whether there is green in it, and it has nothing to do with green. Fog is divided into white, yellow, red, gray and black. If the skin is worn off, the pale white is called white fog, which means that the impurities inside are not "clean" and have certain transparency. If there is green under the white fog, it is pure green, which is priceless to the ground. White fog also shows that you are old. Most people like to bet on white fog. Yellow fog shows that iron and other elements are gradually oxidized, but the oxidation is not serious. If it is pure yellow fog, it means that there are few impurity elements, and it often appears high green, but sometimes the blue-green tone produced by iron ions may enter the crystal lattice of jadeite, and there is also a green with a slight blue-green tone. Red mist explained that the iron-containing elements have been seriously oxidized, and there may be ash "ground" inside jadeite. Black fog is mainly caused by the oxidation of a large number of impurity elements, indicating that jadeite has many impurities and poor transparency. Individual black fog will also appear high green, but sometimes the water is very poor. Not all jadeites produce fog, and some jadeites produce jadeites without fog. Generally speaking, jadeite raw materials that can produce fog are mostly produced in mines of old factories and new and old factories.
The ringworm of jadeite refers to the black patches and stripes of different shapes and sizes on the surface or inside of jadeite. The main minerals of these black ringworm fungi are amphibole, amphibole schist, chromite and some oxides, because these black minerals are related to chromogenic chromium ions, and chromite in the black mineral ringworm fungi constantly releases chromogenic chromium ions, which makes jadeite green under appropriate conditions. Therefore, ringworm is closely related to green. People call it "black follows green" and "ringworm eats green". However, ringworm is not necessarily green, and green is not necessarily ringworm. It depends on the environment and time of tinea formation, and whether there are chromium and other factors in tinea. Therefore, there is a folk saying of "dead ringworm" and "living ringworm". In the process of jadeite's production and subsequent geological movements and hydrothermal activities, there is a geological environment in which chromium is released, which can make jadeite green. There is not necessarily tinea at this time, and tinea has little to do with green. If tinea and jadeite are born, geological conditions and hydrothermal activity are conducive to the release of chromium, and the chromium in tinea is constantly released and colored. When the geological environment changes, it is not conducive to the release and coloring of chromium, and the coloring ends, it will produce the phenomenon of black with green, which is called tinea alive. After jadeite is produced, the ringworm produced is called "ringworm", and the ringworm produced under geological conditions without releasing chromium is called "ringworm". According to the relationship between green and ringworm, small structure and tumor, jadeite mineral and ringworm, we can accurately judge living ringworm and dead ringworm. The relationship between ringworm and green can be divided into three types: ringworm and green are mutually inclusive and difficult to separate; ringworm and green gradually transition or have clear boundaries; green and ringworm are separated by a certain distance and exist separately. Sometimes there is a "pine flower" next to ringworm, which means there is green inside, but the quantity and shape of green inside cannot be judged.