Borax, also known as crude borax, is a soft and light colorless crystalline substance. Borax has many common uses, such as disinfectants, preservatives, water softeners, eye washing water, soap additives, ceramic glazes and glass raw materials. Borax also plays an important role in industrial production.
Introduction:
Borax, also called crude borax, is a kind of sodium tetraborate, and its chemical composition contains 10 water molecules. Its crystals are plate-like or columnar, and the crystals gather together to form clusters, particles, porous clods, etc. The color is white gray borax-undisturbed.
Or light shades of yellow, blue, green, etc. , with glass luster.
physicochemical property
Colorless translucent crystal or white crystalline powder. Tasteless and salty. Specific gravity 1.73. At 380℃, all the crystallized water disappeared. Soluble in water and glycerol, slightly soluble in alcohol. The aqueous solution is weakly alkaline. Borax can be weathered slowly in the air. After melting, it becomes a colorless glassy substance. Borax has bactericidal effect, and oral administration is harmful to people. CAS: 1303-96-4 Molecular formula: Na2B4 O7 10H2O Molecular weight: 38 1.37 Boiling point: 1575℃ Melting point: about 880℃ Chinese name: borax sodium tetraborate (decahydrate) Lunatone sand yellow moon sand borax.
Sodium tetraborate Lunatone Shashi sodium tetraborate English name: borax soda sodium borate sodium tetraborate, sodium carbonate sodium borate decahydrate, borax decahydrate.
use
Mainly used in glass and enamel industry. In glass, the ultraviolet transmittance can be enhanced, and the transparency and heat resistance of glass can be improved. In enamel products, it can make enamel not easy to fall off and shiny. In special optical glass, borax
Glass fiber, non-ferrous metal welding agent, jewelry adhesive, printing and dyeing, washing (silk, woolen goods, etc.). ), gold refining, cosmetics, pesticides, fertilizers, borax soap, preservatives, antifreeze, medical disinfectants, etc. are also widely used. Borax is the basic raw material for preparing boron-containing compounds, and almost all borides can be prepared with borax. They are widely used in metallurgy, steel, machinery, military industry, cutting tools, paper making, electron tubes, chemicals and textiles. In human medicine, borax is used for disinfection and antisepsis of skin and mucous membrane, treating skeletal fluorosis, tinea pedis, pulpitis, fungal vaginitis, cervical erosion, bedsore, acne, eczema of external auditory canal, herpes virus dermatosis, epilepsy, and in recent years, it is also used for the treatment of tumors. In animal medicine, borax is used to treat chicken laryngotracheitis, goat infectious pustulosis, mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and chronic mucinous endometritis of cattle, and it has also attracted wide attention as a feed additive.
Manufacturing method and process flow
borax
1. Pressurized alkaline hydrolysis: the pretreated boron-magnesium ore powder is mixed with sodium hydroxide solution, heated and pressurized to decompose to obtain sodium metaborate solution, and then carbonized to obtain borax. 2MoB2O3+2NaOH+H2O → 2Nabo2+2Mg (OH) 24Nabo2+CO2 → Na2B2O7+Na2CO32, carbon-alkali method: the pretreated boron-magnesium ore powder is mixed with sodium carbonate solution, heated, pressurized by introducing carbon dioxide, and then reacted to obtain borax. 2 (2mo.b2o3)+Na2CO3+2co2+xh2o → Na2B4 O7+4mo.3co2.xh2o3, soda alkali hydrolysis (well salt brine): after well salt brine treatment, borax paste is obtained, which is mixed with soda ash to obtain borax. cab4o 7+na2co 3→na 2 B4 o 7+CaCO3·4h 3 bo 3+na2co 3→na 2 B4 o 7+6H2O+CO2 4。 Alkaline hydrolysis of soda ash (ulexite): The pretreated ulexite is decomposed with soda ash and baking soda, and then precipitated and crystallized with causticized starch to obtain borax. 2(nao . 2 Cao . 5b2o 3 . 16H2O)+na2co 3+nah co 3→5 na 2 B4 o 7+4c ACO 3+CO2+34H2O
Edit this piece of packaging
Packed in sacks lined with two layers of kraft paper or plastic bags. The net weight of each bag is 40 kg, 50 kg or 80 kg. Precautions for storage and transportation: boxcars, carriages or cars with sheds should be used for transportation, and they should not be mixed with wet materials or other colored materials. The means of transport must be dry and clean. Store in a dry and clean warehouse to avoid rain or moisture.
Edit this medicine
The refined crystal of borax ore with alias from Lunatone. The main producing areas are Qinghai, Tibet and Shaanxi. Methods After the ore was dug out, it was dissolved in boiling water and the impurities were filtered out. After the filtrate is cooled, crystals are separated out, and then taken out and dried. Sweet, salty and cool. Enter the lung and stomach meridians. Indications: clearing away heat and toxic materials for external use, reducing swelling and preventing corrosion; Clearing lung and resolving phlegm by oral administration. Can be used for treating acute tonsillitis, pharyngolaryngitis, sore throat, aphtha, stomatitis, gingivitis, otitis media, eye swelling, and borax.
, is a commonly used medicine for ENT diseases! Oral administration is used for phlegm-heat cough, but it is rarely used in modern times. Usage and dosage: Appropriate amount for external use, ground with other drugs and applied to the affected area. Or washed externally, or made into eye drops for external use. Note that it is generally not taken orally. (The traditional Chinese medicine is a pill, each time1.5-3.0g.. ) Chinese medicine Bingpeng Powder (authentic surgery) Borneolum Syntheticum, Borax, Mirabilite, Cinnabar. → Used to treat sores on the mouth and tongue and sore throat. Extracted from the National Collection of Chinese Herbal Medicine, and the textual research of Chinese herbal medicine comes from 1. Materia Medica Yi Yan: the thick black Pengsha in the south is mild in taste and quick in effect; Westerners, its color is white, its taste is burnt, and its work is slow. 2. "Outline": Borax, produced in the southwest. There are two kinds of yellow and white, west white as alum and south yellow as peach gum, all of which are refined, such as Sal. Westerners soften things to remove dirt, kill hardware, work with saltpeter, and get along with arsenic. Borax, commonly known as sodium borate, is a white or colorless crystalline powder. Borax is banned as a food additive in many countries in the world because of its high toxicity. Borax is very harmful to human health. Continuous intake will accumulate in the body and hinder the action of enzymes in the digestive tract. Its acute poisoning symptoms are vomiting, diarrhea, erythema, circulatory system disorder, shock and coma. If the human body ingests too much boron, it will cause cumulative poisoning of multiple organs. The dosage of borax poisoning is 1-3g for adults, 15g for adults and 2-3g for infants.
Edit this paragraph of modern research.
major constituent
Mainly sodium tetraborate (na2b4o7. 10h2o).
pharmacological action
1. Bacteriostasis It has been reported that borax is a weak base, and it has weak bacteriostasis as boric acid. Plate method, the culture medium contains 10% borax, which has inhibitory effects on Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, anthrax, Shigella flexneri, Shigella typhi, Bacillus paratyphi, Proteus, Staphylococcus and Candida albicans. The paper method proved that borax also inhibited diphtheria, Brucella bovis, pneumococcus, meningococcus and hemolytic streptococcus. 2. The experiment of anticonvulsant and antiepileptic effects showed that borax 130 ~ 260 mg/kg had anticonvulsant effect on mice, and this effect was gradually enhanced with the increase of administration times. The maximum anticonvulsant effect occurred about 1 week after administration. Injection can accelerate anticonvulsant effect. Intraperitoneal injection of 260 mg/kg can antagonize electric convulsion, and its antagonistic rate is 100%. Together with other antiepileptic drugs, borax can rapidly control grand mal and status epilepticus. 3. Other functions of borax can also protect skin and mucous membrane. The product can be used for cleaning ulcer and clinic. Oral use for urethral sterilization, especially when urine is acidic, will make it alkaline.
Edit the detailed description of this paragraph.
Borax; Sodium tetraborate is an English name with a relative molecular weight or atomic weight of 38 1.37 and a density of 1.69 ~ 1.72 borax.
The toxic LD50(mg/kg) is easily soluble in water after oral administration of 5660 in rats. The purpose is to extract the main mineral raw materials of boron and boron compounds. In metallurgical industry, borax is used for calcination, welding and metal detection, and it is also a good flux. In addition, it is also widely used in glass, ceramics, medicine, fertilizer, textile and other industries. Borax is one of the most widely distributed borate minerals, and it is the product of chemical deposition in salt lakes, which is more common in dry boron-containing salt lakes. Other hardness is 2 ~ 2.5. It is easy to lose crystal water in the air and turn it into white powder. When it burns, it expands and then melts into a transparent glassy sphere. Borax is sodium tetraborate, and the content of Na2B4O7. 10H2O should be 99.0% ~ 105.0%. Properties This product is colorless translucent crystal or white crystal powder; Tasteless; Weathering; Alkaline reaction of aqueous solution. This product is soluble in boiling water or glycerol, soluble in water and insoluble in ethanol. Identify the identification reaction between sodium salt and borate in the aqueous solution of this product. Check the clarity of the solution. Take 0.5g of this product, add 10ml water to dissolve it, and the solution should be clarified. If it is turbid, it shall not be thicker than turbidity standard solution No.2 (Appendix ⅸ b). Take 0.25g chloride of this product, check it according to law (Appendix VIII A), and compare it with standard borax.
Compared with the control solution made of 5.0ml sodium chloride solution, it should not be more concentrated (0.02%). Take 0.5g of this product as sulfate radical, and check it according to law (Appendix VIII B). Compared with the control solution made of 2.0 ml standard potassium sulfate solution, it should not be thicker (0.04%). Carbonate and bicarbonate take 0.25g of this product, add 5ml of water to dissolve it, and then add hydrochloric acid without foaming. Take 0.25g of calcium salt, add 10ml of water to dissolve it, add acetic acid to make it acidic, add 1.0ml of ammonium oxalate test solution, stand for 1 min, add 5ml of ethanol, shake well, if15min becomes turbid, add 0./kloc. Dry to constant weight at 105 ~ 1655. Before use, accurately measure 100ml, put it in a 100ml volumetric flask, add water to dilute to scale, and shake well. (Every 1ml is equivalent to 10μg Ca)) The control solution made by the same method is 2.5 ml, which should not be thicker (0.0 1%). Take 1.0g iron salt, dissolve it in 25ml water, and check it according to law (Appendix VIII g). Compared with the control solution made of 3.0 ml standard iron solution, it should not be deeper (0.003%). Take this product 1.0g of heavy metal, add 16ml of water to dissolve it, and then add 1mol/L hydrochloric acid solution dropwise until it turns blue-purple when it meets Congo red test paper, and then add a proper amount of water to make it 25ml, and check it according to the law (the first method in Appendix VIII H). The content of heavy metals shall not exceed 10 parts per million. Content determination: take about 0.4g of this product, weigh it accurately, add 80ml of water to dissolve it, add 1 drop of 0.05% methyl orange solution, titrate it with hydrochloric acid titration solution (0. 1mol/L) until it is orange red, boil it for 2min, and cool it. If the solution is yellow, continue to titrate until it is orange red, add neutral glycerol (0. Titration solution with sodium hydroxide (0. 1mol/L) titrate 80ml of titration solution with sodium hydroxide (0. 1mol/L) and 8 drops of phenolphthalein indicator solution to pink. Every 1ml sodium hydroxide titration solution (0. 1mol/L) is equivalent to 9.534mg Na2B4O7. 10H2O. Category disinfection and antiseptic drugs. Storage, sealing and preservation. [Crystal Chemistry] Theoretical composition (WB%): Na2O 16.26, B2O3 36.5438+0, H2O 47.23. 【 Structure and Morphology 】 Monocline system, a0= 1. 184nm, b0= 1.063nm, C0 = C0 =1.232 nm; ; β= 106? 35'; Z=4. In the crystal structure, borate consists of two [BO3OH] tetrahedrons and two [BO2OH] triangles at each other's angles. They are connected with the cylinder (‖c axis) formed by [Na(H2O)6] octahedral edges through hydrogen-oxygen bonds. This structural feature causes borax cleavage. Diamond crystal, C2h-2/m(L2PC). The crystal shape is short column or thick plate. Common simplex: parallel double-sided A, B, C, rhombic columns M, W, Q, X. The aggregate includes crystal clusters, particles, blocks, spring flowers, beans, shells and so on. [Physical properties] Colorless or white, sometimes light gray, light yellow, light blue, light green, etc. Glass luster. Cleavage is complete and incomplete Sexually fragile. Shell fracture. The hardness is 2~2.5. The relative density is 1.69~ 1.72. Soluble in water. It tastes sweet and slightly salty. Under the polarizer: colorless. Biaxial crystal (-). 2V=40 .Ng= 1.472，Nm= 1.469，Np= 1.447。 【 Occurrence and combination 】 It occurs in evaporated sediments of salt lakes and dry salt lakes in arid areas, and coexists with rare sulfates such as halite, trona, ulexite, anhydrous mirabilite, mirabilite potassium, glauberite, gypsum, calcite, mirabilite sodium and mirabilite carbonate. In dry air, borax is easy to lose water and become white powdery tripartite borax. [Identification] Short columnar crystal, low hardness, soluble in water, sweet and slightly salty. It is easy to dehydrate in the air, the color becomes turbid, and cracks and white powdery shells are formed on the surface. When it burns, it will expand and easily melt into a glassy sphere. [Industrial Application] is the most important industrial boron mine. Borax is the most important compound of boron. Boron is often listed as a rare element abroad. China is rich in borax, so boron is not a rare element in China, but a high-yield element. Borax is also used as a solid lubricant for metal wire drawing in industry. In the welding and maintenance of refrigeration equipment such as refrigerators, freezers and air conditioners, it is often used as an (inactive) flux to purify metal surfaces and remove oxides on metal surfaces. Adding a certain proportion of sodium chloride, sodium fluoride, potassium chloride and other compounds into borax can be used as an active flux for welding copper tubes with steel tubes and steel tubes in refrigeration equipment.
Clinical application of editing this paragraph
Treat epilepsy
Oral borax. The frequency of attacks is sparse, 0.3g each time, and frequent attacks are 0.5g, three times a day; Every attack or persistent attack 1g, all times a day. At the same time, phenytoin sodium, vitamin D and calcium are supplemented. Patients with persistent epilepsy were given intravenous injection of 10% calcium gluconate lg twice a day, and stopped taking the medicine after the symptoms were controlled. The course of treatment is 3 months. Stop using phenytoin sodium from the second course of treatment; Don't stop using borax before the start of treatment, otherwise it will easily lead to grand mal or persistent seizures. If other antiepileptic drugs have been used before borax treatment, they should be used alternately when switching borax treatment, and the original drug should be stopped gradually, otherwise the dose will be l times higher when borax is used alone. A total of 10 cases were observed, among which 9 cases were grand mal, and 1 case was persistent epilepsy. All cases were caused by long-term use of various epilepsy drugs, and the author could not control them. After the above treatment, all cases have obvious curative effect in the first course of treatment, and the number of attacks is obviously reduced. There was only a few seconds of confusion during the attack, which seemed to be a small attack state. Some patients are only affected by individual limbs or mandibles without losing consciousness. In the second course of treatment, 7 cases have completely controlled their symptoms, and 3 cases still have sporadic small or localized seizures. Most patients took 1 year continuously, and no adverse reactions and toxic reactions occurred in 1 case. This method is ineffective for frontal lobe epilepsy; Patients with hepatic and renal insufficiency had better not use it. borax
Treating flash waist
Put borax in an iron spoon, calcine it on fire, and grind it into very fine powder for use. When changing seasons, the patient lies on his back, takes a little calcined borax powder and points it at the intersection of the corner of his eyes and gums. Lie quietly for 4-5 minutes, that is, shed tears by yourself. Then ask the patient to bend over, turn over, squat and other actions to move the waist. After treatment 100 cases, the pain was generally relieved, and most of them were cured 1-3 times. After the medicine was ordered, there were many tears and the effect was remarkable. This method is also effective for stiff neck, but not for patients with disc herniation and lumbar injury.
Treat mycotic vaginitis
Mix 97% borax and 3% borneol, then add about 50-60% of the total amount of cold cream and stir evenly for later use. When in use, the colposcope is taken to dilate the vagina, and then the ice boron ointment is evenly applied to the vaginal wall and around the vulva, once a day/kloc-0, and five days is a course of treatment. Treatment 144 cases, 82 cases were followed up. 59 patients were cured after a course of treatment. 17 cases were cured after two courses of treatment, 16 cases were cured; Six patients were cured after three courses of treatment. The total cure rate is 84.65438 0%. Put borax in an iron spoon, calcine it on fire, and grind it into very fine powder for use. When changing seasons, the patient lies on his back, takes a little calcined borax powder and points it at the intersection of the corner of his eyes and gums. Lie quietly for 4-5 minutes, that is, shed tears by yourself. Then ask the patient to bend over, turn over, squat and other actions to move the waist. After treatment 100 cases, the pain was generally relieved, and most of them were cured 1-3 times. After the medicine was ordered, there were many tears and the effect was remarkable. This method is also effective for stiff neck, but not for patients with disc herniation and lumbar injury.
Treat mycotic vaginitis
Mix 97% borax and 3% borneol, then add about 50-60% of the total amount of cold cream and stir evenly for later use. When in use, the colposcope is taken to dilate the vagina, and then the ice boron ointment is evenly applied to the vaginal wall and around the vulva, once a day/kloc-0, and five days is a course of treatment. Treatment 144 cases, 82 cases were followed up. 59 patients were cured after a course of treatment. 17 cases were cured after two courses of treatment, 16 cases were cured; Six patients were cured after three courses of treatment. The total cure rate is 84.65438 0%.
Edit this identification of medicinal materials
Trait recognition
Borax has different shapes due to different processing methods, such as falling or basin. Most of the water droplets are irregular cones, and the ends of the cones are connected into a rope in a string shape; The upper part of the basin is slightly concave, with uneven surface, columnar and granular crystals attached, and the lower part is semicircular and smooth. At present, most commodities are irregular blocks of different sizes. Are colorless, transparent or white and translucent; Glass luster. If left in the air for a long time, it is easy to weather into white powder. The body is light and brittle. Tasteless, slightly salty at first, slightly sweet after, slightly cool. Soluble in water, easily soluble in boiling water or glycerol. It is best to be colorless, transparent, pure, light and crisp. borax
Microscopic identification
Under the transmissive polarizer: the sheet is colorless and has negative protrusions. The interference color is Grade II yellow, showing abnormal blue and brown interference colors on the cross section perpendicular to the optical axis, and does not fade. Biaxial crystal; Negative light, refractive index: Np= 1.447, Nm= 1.469, ng =1.472; Birefringence: Ng-Np=0.025.
Chemical identification
(1) This product is easy to melt when burning. At first it was an expanding sponge, and then it melted into a transparent glass ball when heated. (Check the boron salt) (2) Add hydrochloric acid to the aqueous solution of this product to make it acidic, which can turn the turmeric test paper into brownish red; Put it in a dry place, the color will darken, and it will turn green and black after being wet with the test solution. (Check borate) (3) Take platinum wire, moisten it with hydrochloric acid, dip it in this powder, and burn it in a colorless flame. The flame is bright yellow. (check sodium salt)