Of course, a considerable part of Qianlong's collection is made by the inner government. Emperor Qianlong was particularly addicted to jade. He spent a lot of manpower and financial resources on the production and collection of jade articles, so the collection of jade articles in Qianlong Dynasty was very rich. It took 10 years to transport jade materials from Xinjiang to Beijing by water, then to Yangzhou and then to the Forbidden City. This super-large jade carving, nine feet five inches high and weighing more than 10,700 kilograms, is called the king of jade. Now this Jade Mountain is placed in the Palace Museum in Beijing for tourists to visit. At the same time, there are tens of thousands of jade articles of different sizes, most of which were collected during the Qianlong period.
Fine works of art collected and picked up from all over the country over the past decades are often stamped with chapters such as "Treasures of Qianlong Imperial Mirror", "Fine Seal of Sanxi Hall" and "Suitable for Future generations" after being appreciated by Qianlong, to show the meaning of treasure. Then, the ministers of elegant words with different skills were classified, compiled into a catalogue, examined and approved by the emperor, and printed into books, such as Xiqing Ancient Mirror and Ningshou Ancient Mirror.
As early as eight years in Qianlong, he decided to organize the paintings and calligraphy collected by the imperial palace on a large scale. Firstly, the related works of Buddhism and Taoism are compiled into the catalogue "The Secret Hall of the Pearl Forest"; In the second year, the collection of all paintings and calligraphy, Shiqu Baodi, began to be compiled. This is an unprecedented sorting work, which will put an end to the collection of China court paintings and calligraphy that has existed for two thousand years. After the completion of Baodi in Shiqu, including the sequel, the three series * * * became 225 volumes. This is a summary of the 600-year palace collection in Ming and Qing Dynasties. It is also the last measure of the emperor's collection. In its heyday, the collection of the Qing court reached more than 10000, including 2,000 paintings and calligraphy of Jin, Tang, Song and Yuan Dynasties and 2,000 paintings and calligraphy of Ming Dynasty, which was the largest of China's classical paintings and calligraphy works at that time. What makes Emperor Qianlong most proud is that he has collected dozens of famous calligraphy posts of past dynasties. Wang Xizhi's "Fast Snow Clear Post", Wang Xianzhi's "Mid-Autumn Post" and Wang Xun's "Yuan Bo Post" are Qianlong's favorite. In the 11th year of Qianlong reign, he put these three cultural relics in hall of mental cultivation West Nuange and named them "Sanxitang".
In the forty-fourth year of Qianlong, the emperor ordered four original copies of Preface to Lanting Collection in the Imperial Palace, namely, the original edition of Preface to Lanting Collection by Yu Shinan, Chu Suiliang, Liu Gongquan and Feng Chengsu, the original edition of Preface to Lanting Collection by Liu Gongquan, the complete works of Preface to Lanting Collection by Yu Minzhong, the manuscript of Preface to Lanting Collection by Dong Qichang and the manuscript of Preface to Qianlong Collection by Dong Qichang.
Besides painting and calligraphy, Emperor Qianlong was also keen to advocate the collection and appreciation of bronzes. In addition to the palace collections, the atmosphere of loving ancient collections has generally formed among bureaucrats and literati, and a number of outstanding collectors and ancient philologists have emerged. They not only personally identified and researched, but also recorded, copied, wrote books and argued with each other, so later textual research became popular again. This trend has influenced collectors and intellectuals for nearly 200 years.
Qianlong's collection is unprecedented. Judging from the number of collections, Qianlong surpassed any previous emperor. A list of 18 16 shows that there were 15000 paintings and calligraphy that decorated the Forbidden City from Beijing to Chahar at that time, and two thirds of them were works after 1644. It really responded to the old saying that "there was no one before, and there was no one after", which not only recorded the unprecedented national strength of that era, but also deeply branded the Qianlong emperor's pursuit of magnificent, gorgeous and complicated aesthetic interests.
Secret: Emperor Qianlong and his four priceless treasures In the history of China, the biggest antique player and collector was Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty. He reigned for 60 years and was the emperor's father for 4 years. During these 64 years, he collected famous paintings, ancient stickers, rare antiques and various jade seals. After death, these treasures were buried with them in the Yuling underground palace. However,1July 2, 928, Sun Dianying, a thief and warlord of Dongling, surrounded the Qing Dongling in Zunhua County, Hebei Province in the name of an exercise, and dug up the two mausoleums of Cixi and Qianlong overnight and looted them. Burial objects, including these rare treasures, gold and silver jewelry, were loaded into 20 cars and sent back to the station. Eventually, these treasures were stolen and scattered all over the world. According to the information collected, Le C will introduce four priceless treasures and their whereabouts.
First, the words "Eight Needles of Wei Scandium Treasure" and "Seal" became nobles in the Qin Dynasty. Before the Qin Dynasty, this name could be used in both official seal and private seal. After Qin unified the six countries, it was stipulated that only the emperor's seal could be called "seal" and the subjects' seal could only be called "seal". Emperor Qianlong had more than 1800 seals in his life, ranking first among emperors in previous dynasties, which was 15 times that of his grandfather Kangxi and10/times that of his father Yongzheng. The seal on the edge of Qianlong is a milestone he set for his long life and a barometer of his mood. He won the battle and made a seal to commemorate it; Copied poems should be decorated with seals; The 70-year-old "Gu Xi Tian Zi" and its supporting "diligent travel to Japan" and the 80-year-old "Eight Needles D Scandium Treasure" and its supporting "self-improvement" all show the spirit of being young; Emperor Qianlong, who became emperor in the second year of Jiaqing (1797), used a very straightforward seal. It says "Return to politics or teach politics". Obviously speaking, although my son became emperor, I still have the final say on major issues.
When Qianlong was in office, it was engraved with the seal of the first emperor, and the content was "the treasure of Qianlong's royal view". On the fourth day of the first month of the first year of Qianlong (1736), Yong Zhengdi had passed away for more than four months, and the sad atmosphere of mourning was replaced by the celebration of changing the number. The 25-year-old young emperor asked the eunuchs around him to take a bronze seal material to the imperial edict of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, and ordered that the words "the treasure of Qianlong royal tour" be engraved on it. The person in charge of the work took the order with trepidation. Six days later, the eunuch was asked to submit two drafts of seal script to Gan Long, one was yin (white) and the other was yang (red). After carefully reading it, the emperor gave an answer: no. In another 40 days, the carefully crafted bronze seal will be handed over. As a rich king in the four seas, Qianlong has eight "treasures of Qianlong Imperial View" in his life, and the seal materials are extremely rich, including jasper, white jade, sapphire and jet. In addition, Tianhuang, agate, crystal, ivory, beeswax and mud can all be used as printing materials. Seals made of different printing materials have different shades, which are worth appreciating carefully. After years of war, a considerable part of the Qianlong Imperial Seal was lost overseas. The picture below shows a "treasure of Qianlong Imperial Vision" auctioned in Taipei. It was purchased from new york by Cai Yi, the richest man in Taiwan Province Province 1984. The bid at that time was $33,000.
Eight-needle d scandium treasure
At that time, the most valuable thing in existence was the above-mentioned "Eight Needles D Scandium Treasure" (see the picture below). It was made in the 55th year of Qianlong to celebrate the 80th birthday, and it is the largest piece of Qianlong Imperial Seal. This kind of "Eight Needles D Scandium Treasure" is printed in many important collections of the Qing Dynasty, such as Autumn Mountain Twilight Scroll in the Palace Museum in Beijing and Liuyalu Smoke Scroll in the Shanghai Museum. The jade seal is now hidden in Britain. Because it is going to be auctioned at Sotheby's in London, the starting price has reached 600,000 pounds, which has caused a crowd of netizens to watch. Many netizens think that this is another challenge to China, and relevant parties should come forward to get these cultural relics back; Some people even called on Christie's in France to auction the bronze statue of the animal head of Yuanmingyuan last time.