Women's hairstyles in the Tang Dynasty are varied. Duan of the Tang Dynasty wrote in Jipin: "There are semi-rotating bun, anti-wan bun and Leyou bun in Gaozu Palace. In Ming Taizu Palace, the double ring looks at the fairy bun, the Uighur bun, and the imperial concubine makes the worry bun. In Zhenyuan, there are soft buns and makeup buns. In Chang 'an city, there are lingering steamed buns, shocking steamed buns, jilted steamed buns and Japanese steamed buns. "In addition, there are descriptions of women's bun styles in the Tang Dynasty in dressing tables, new Tang books and ancient and modern China notes. Archaeologists of cultural relics have seen the hair styles described in some ancient books in the pottery figurines unearthed in the tombs of the Tang Dynasty, as well as stone carvings and murals, but they are not as diverse as those unearthed in the three-color kilns of Tang Changan Pingkangfang in the eastern suburb of Xi 'an and Li Quanfang in the western suburb. This paper introduces the pottery figurines and their hairstyles that I found and collected in Sancai Kiln in Chang 'an, Tang Dynasty, so as to see the prosperity and openness of Tang society from the colorful hairstyles of women in Tang Dynasty.
1. Junction type
This hairstyle consists of a bun, some standing on the top of the head, some leaning to both sides, some spreading flat, some hanging down, and women's own hair is limited, often accompanied by' wigs' and jewelry, which is majestic and gorgeous. According to records, it is said that during the reign of Emperor Wudi of the Han Dynasty, the Empress Dowager Yaochi came to the court meeting, and all the fairies had different hairpins with lofty rings. The emperor ordered his courtiers and concubines to follow suit, hence the name "Looking at the fairy hairpin" (1), which was later decorated with various jewels, golden hairpin, wind hairpin or outing, making it even more magnificent and noble. This high-circle hairstyle, with one to nine hairstyles, is the most distinguished hairstyle, and is often used to express the hairstyles of fairies, queens, empresses and noble ladies in mythology (as can be seen from the hairstyles of eighty-seven immortals and jade girls in Yongle Palace murals). Girls who have never left the room can also use it, but the decoration should not be too gorgeous. This hairstyle was quite popular in the Qin and Han dynasties and the pre-Qin period. After the Han dynasty, it was worshipped as a fairy hairstyle and adopted by celebrities and ladies.
Its forms are high, almost, hanging, overhead and both sides, and the number can be ligated at will, with many changes and flexible application.
2. Torsion type
This is a hairstyle created in the late Han Dynasty. According to records, it was planned by Empress Zhen, and it became popular after worshipping each other. This hairstyle is to divide the hair into several strands, twist it into a ball like a twist and wrap it around the head. According to records, when Hou Zhen entered the Wei Palace, there was a green snake in the palace. When Hou Zhen dresses every day, she winds the snake and shapes it, imitating Hou Zhen's appearance and combing it into a bun. The daily steamed bun is different due to the snake-like change, so it is named "Lingshe steamed bun".
This hairstyle is flexible, vivid and charming, suitable for goddesses and precious women who have not left the room. There are many forms of this hairstyle change, which can be twisted around the top of the head, the side of the head and the front of the head. The changes are vivid and comfortable, especially in ancient ladies' paintings. It can be used flexibly in modeling.
3. Disc stacking type
Step 4: Reverse the style.
5. Spine knot type
Step 6 be symmetrical
In A.D. 1368, the famous emperor Zhu Yuanzhang proclaimed himself emperor in Yingtian, and his title was founded. After the founding of the Ming Dynasty, a series of practical measures were taken to promote the recovery of production. With the improvement of productivity, the market is further expanded, new industries appear, some industrial cities are formed, and a unified multi-ethnic country is further consolidated. After the Ming Dynasty seized power from the Yuan Dynasty ruled by Mongolia, it paid attention to rectifying the etiquette that did not conform to the customs of the Han nationality, and adopted and restored the systems and customs of the Tang and Song Dynasties. According to the collected data, although the hair styles of women in Ming Dynasty were not as diverse as those in Tang and Song Dynasties, they also had some characteristics of their own times.
In the early Ming Dynasty, the hairstyle of Song and Yuan Dynasties was basically inherited. After Jiajing, women's hairstyles have changed obviously. "Tao Xin bun" was a fashionable hairstyle at that time. The women's bun is combed into a flat circle, and then the top of the bun is decorated with flowers. Later, it evolved into a gold and silver silk knot with a high comb. The top of the bun is also decorated with pearls, jade and jadeite. There are various hair styles of "Peach Blossom Bun", such as "Peach Blossom Bun", "Goose Heart Bun" and "Luoma Bun" which imitate the Han Dynasty.
Double bun: Double bun in Ming Dynasty, similar to the bun in Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period. Called "Bazi", it is a simple and generous hairstyle preferred by Jiangnan women. In particular, there are many ladies-in-waiting who comb this kind of bun, and the bun style is rich and varied, which is deeply loved by folk women.
Fake steamed bun: also known as parallel steamed bun, it was loved by ladies-in-waiting in Ming Dynasty. At that time, there was a saying that "ladies-in-waiting had a high bun, while folks liked a low bun". This kind of bun is mostly antique. The production method is to weave a circle with iron wire first, and then weave the hair on the plate, which becomes a cosmetic ornament to use. It was particularly popular in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. In some jewelry stores, there are ready-made fake buns for sale.
Headband: also known as "Epa". In the Ming Dynasty, both old women and young girls were very popular. First, the headband evolved from the original "Baotou". At first, it was woven into net-like hair with zongsi. At first, it was fashionable and wide, and then it was narrow. Its practicality is used to tie hair, and it is also decorative. Narrow on the forehead and eyebrows. This ornament has been around since the Ming Dynasty.
Peony head: a kind of high bun, popular in Suzhou, and gradually spread to the north. You Dong's poem: "It is said that Jiangnan is one foot high, and six palaces strive to learn peony heads." Some people say that the most serious person can't lift his head and describe his hairstyle as very high, about seven inches, with fluffy sideburns, smooth bun and double locks at the end. This hairstyle usually adds a wig.
Maids in the Ming Dynasty all wore hairstyles, lotus crowns and hairpin flowers.
Analysis of Hairstyles in Qing Dynasty
The ancestors of the Qing Dynasty were Manchu people who lived in the northeast of China. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, peasant uprisings broke out one after another, and Manchu aristocrats took advantage of it to establish the Qing Dynasty in Beijing in 1644, and191year was wiped out. During these 237 years, the Qing Dynasty experienced three stages. In the early stage, it was a unified multi-ethnic country, which was relatively consolidated. In the middle period, with the further development of social economy, capitalism began to sprout and eventually entered the decline and disintegration of feudal social system.
Feixian steamed stuffed bun is mostly high-pitched on both sides. According to "Roast Hub", "When Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the Queen Mother descended to earth, and the fairy buns were different. The emperor ordered the palace to be effective, and the number was Feixian Steamed Bun. " Mostly used for fairies and maidens.
Lingyun bun belongs to a single style with high style. According to China's Notes on Ancient and Modern Times, "After the imperial edict, I combed Lingyun's bun, Yincui gorge combed Wang Xian's nine-eared bun, and Jiufei combed Shen Luan's bun." These are all of high style.
"Follow the cloud bun" is similar to the form of side twist, and its bun rolls with the cloud. According to "Guo Xian Jia Yi", "Chen Gong combs her hair." This hairstyle is vivid and ingenious, which is very popular with ladies.
"Xu Ling bun" belongs to the form of cross-twist, and its bun is cross-twist and hangs on the top. According to China's Notes on Ancient and Modern Times, there are Xu Lingji and Xiangyun Ji in Sui Dynasty. This hairstyle is like a cloud, shaking but not falling on the Lingtuo.
The carding method of single screw is to gather strands and stack them like screws. Overhead, there are also some hairlike carvings in the sarcophagus of Princess Yongtai's tomb in the west and north.
Double helix comb method is to divide the hair into two strands and tie a knot at two top corners, also known as "double angle". This hairstyle is also found in the murals of Karazhuo's tomb, and the bun is beautiful and elegant.
The combing method of "lily bun" is to divide the net hair into strands and twist them on the top of the head. As shown in the figure.
The combing method of "Piao bun" is to curl hair and pile it on the top of the head, which is called "Piao bun". According to China's Notes on Ancient and Modern Times, "Chang 'an women are tied up in knots, and there are endless ways to tie them up, until today. "
The combing method of Gao Zhuan Ji is to tie the hair at the top, pull it into a single vertebra and stand on the top of the head. According to "Dressing Table", "Song Lizong's comb is high and lofty, and his name is high and lofty." This hairstyle is also seen in the female sculptures of Jinci Temple in Taiyuan, Shanxi Province in the Song Dynasty.
The combing method of "swinging a bun at home" is to pull the spine on the top of your head into a bun, lengthen your temples, and hold your face with tape. According to the Five Classics of Tang Dynasty, it is recorded that "the fake temples of the imperial concubine are jewelry, which is called Yi bun, and the wife of Nuo nationality is very anxious to tie her hair as a prisoner bun, while the women in the late Tang Dynasty comb her hair and hold her face as a family bun". Today, the role of Beijing Opera is still expanding.
The combing method of falling horse bun is to tie the hair together into a big spine, and tie a silk rope in the middle of the spine, which looks like a horse's belly and falls on the side or back of the head. According to the "Original Records", "Sun Shou is a horse's bun." Notes on Ancient and Modern China also records that "the falling horse bun is just a Japanese bun, and the cloud: the shape of falling horse is also".