The specific gravity of silver is 10.5, which is much larger than other silver metals or alloys. For example, the specific gravity of lead is only 2.7.
2) Reasonable judgment
Silver is soft and falls on hard objects, and the gong sound is weak, while other metals make a clear sound.
3) color judgment
After all, the white and silvery white of other metals are different, and the difference is particularly obvious after combustion and cooling. After barbecue with fire, if it is real silver, the silver will remain unchanged; If it is fake silver, or a product with poor quality, it will turn black after barbecue. Another method is to drop nitric acid on the surface of silver jewelry. After removing nitric acid, the jewelry surface is still silvery white, indicating that the silver content is quite high. If it is jewelry with low silver content, it will be grayish black.
4) Bending method
Hands are bent, those with high color are easy to bend and not easy to break, those with poor quality are difficult to bend or hardly move, and some can't even move their fingers. The wrapped silver will crack when it is bent or knocked a few times with a hammer, and the fake one can't stand bending and is easy to break.
5) Stubble-watching test
Cut the jewelry in half and fold it to see the color. If it is white cotton, the color is about 98%; If the mouth is soft and reddish, the color is about 95%; If the mouth is white gray or reddish, the color is about 95% and the hardness is about 80%; If the mouth is reddish and yellow is gray, the color is about 80%. If lipstick is black and yellow is black, the color is about 60%.
6) Apply silver medicine (also known as eating silver tiger)
Grind the silver ornaments on the touchstone into a silver trough, and smear it on the silver trough with silver medicine (silver medicine is a soft substance mixed with silver powder with purity above 95% and mercury). Hanging more silver medicine, the quality is high, hanging less silver medicine, the quality is low, and fake silver medicine can't be hung.
In addition, the quality of silver jewelry can also be selected from four aspects:
① Look at the welding process for making gold and silver ornaments, and see whether the welding is clean and tidy, and whether there are cracks in the welding.
(2) Brightness requires pure plating color and strong brightness.
(3) The electroplating surface should be firm and round.
(4) Look at the hook claw. It is required for ornaments not to prick hands, not to scratch clothes, and it is convenient to wear.
Question 2: How to distinguish true and false silver? (1) color measurement (also known as face mask): The higher the purity, the whiter the silver, and the face mask is fine, uniform, shiny and polished. If lead is contained, the tidal flowers emitted by the noodle stand are blue-gray; If it contains copper, the surface file will be rough and rotten and feel dry. Although silver oxide has "black rust" on its surface, its color is black and bright, while lead, tin and copper are dull and dull.
(2) Weighing weight: The density of silver is slightly higher than that of ordinary metals. Generally speaking, "aluminum is light, silver is heavy, and copper is not light or heavy." So we can preliminarily judge whether it is silver by weighing. If the jewelry is large and light, it can be preliminarily judged that the jewelry belongs to other metals.
(3) Hardness inspection: The hardness of silver is lower than that of copper, but higher than that of lead and tin, so use a pin to slightly scratch the surface of the object for detection. If the needle slips and it is difficult to leave traces on the surface, it can be judged as a copper ornament; If it is lead-tin texture, the trace is obvious; If the object has traces but is not obvious, it can be preliminarily judged as silver jewelry. Pure white silver jewelry, pulled by hand, will be deformed when folded.
(4) Listening and rhyming: If the jewelry is high-quality silver, it has no rhyme and elasticity when hitting the floor, and the sound is "bam bam". The lower the color, the lower the sound, and the higher the rhymed sharp sound; If it is made of copper, its sound is higher and sharper, and its rhyme is short and short; If it is made of lead and tin, the sound of falling to the ground is dull, short and inelastic.
(5) Look at the color of stubble: cut out the silver ornaments and look at the color of stubble. If the stubble is white and cotton-like, the surface of jewelry is smooth and delicate, and the surface color is dark and bright after oxidation, it can be concluded that its color is about 98; If the stubble is thick, soft and reddish, the color is about 95; The stubble is white gray, slightly red, and the color is about 90; It is difficult to bend by hand, and the stubble is reddish or light gray, and its color is about 80; Silver with a fineness of about 70% has a white dry surface and red and yellow stubble, which is not easy to bend; If the stubble is red, black and yellow, its color is below 60.
(6) Characteristics of forged silver: Forged silver is generally made of copper, brass, white copper, lead, tin, aluminum, etc. Its characteristics are: red copper: purple appearance, black stubble and green embroidery. Brass: yellow in appearance, stubble green and embroidered green. White copper: appearance gray, stubble brick gray, green embroidery. Lead: grayish blue, soft, with nail marks. Tin: silvery white, soft, and can be scraped with nails. Aluminum: white gray, soft and light.
Question 3: How to simply identify the authenticity of silver and identify silver jewelry is actually very simple: just look at whether there is a steel seal in the inconspicuous place of silver jewelry (such as the inside of the ring, the joint of the necklace, the bottom of the pendant, etc.). ): The silver jewelry has the following steel seal 1: pure silver: there is a sign of "S925" or "Ag925" (the former is a little more), indicating that this metal contains silver. This is the most common symbol, the most common jewelry silver on the market, and it is also generally sold (don't get me wrong! ) common signs. 2. Full silver: there is a sign of "S990" or "Au990" (the latter is a little more), which means that the metal contains 99% silver (quite pure! )。 This sign is mostly used in silver ingots, silver ingots, silver ornaments and other large pieces of silver ornaments. 3. Silver plating: the steel seal with "SL" or "FS" indicates that this kind of jewelry is silver plated, and its value need not be said by me! 4. There is no steel seal: it is probably ordinary metal. When purchasing, consumers can test the physical properties of silver. Common testing methods are: look at the color of jewelry: the higher the purity, the whiter the silver, and the jewelry surface looks even, shiny and polished. If it contains lead, the jewelry will appear bluish gray; If it contains copper, the surface of jewelry will be rough and the color will not be moist. Jewelry weight: the density of silver is slightly higher than that of ordinary metal. Generally speaking, "aluminum is light, silver is heavy, and copper is not light or heavy." Therefore, it can be preliminarily judged whether it is silver by weighing. If the jewelry is large and light, it can be preliminarily judged that the jewelry belongs to other metals. Hardness inspection: the hardness of silver is lower than that of copper, but higher than that of lead and tin. It can be detected by marking the jewelry in an inconspicuous place with a pin. If the needle slips, it is difficult to leave traces on the surface, which can be judged as copper jewelry; If it is made of lead and tin, the trace is obvious; If the object has traces but is not obvious, it can be preliminarily judged as silver jewelry. Listen to the rhyme: hitting the floor, a piece of sterling silver jewelry, no elasticity, the voice is "boo boo boo". The lower the color, the lower the sound, and the sharper and higher the rhyming sound; If it is made of copper, its sound is high and sharp, and its rhyme is short and short; If it is made of lead and tin, the sound of falling to the ground is dull, short and inelastic. It is not an ideal method to test silver jewelry only by its physical properties and experience. Only by destroying the silver ornaments can the authenticity of the silver ornaments be tested by chemical methods. However, this is beyond the power of consumers. When buying silver jewelry, consumers should not only master some basic inspection knowledge, but also pay attention to whether silver jewelry has relevant certificates, certificates and certificates. Only silver jewelry that has been tested by testing institutions can be purchased with confidence. In addition, the silver content of silver jewelry must be accurately marked, and consumers should check whether there is the word "925" on the jewelry when buying. "925" is a symbol of pure silver. As long as you have "925", you can guarantee that you are buying genuine sterling silver jewelry. Pay special attention to whether the fasteners can be fastened securely when purchasing. When buying silver chain jewelry, put it flat and see if the links are kinked or bent. The price of silver jewelry is determined according to the content of precious metals, structural design and technology, so the most important criterion for choosing silver jewelry is whether you like it or not. What consumers should pay special attention to is not to buy silver jewelry in tourist attractions, because the testing department here can't detect it, and the industrial and commercial department can't find it either. If you buy poor quality or fake silver jewelry at a tourist attraction, it is impossible for the first consumer to return to the tourist attraction to exchange it; Second, it is not easy to solve the problem because most jewelry purchased in tourist attractions has no vouchers. Some sellers claim that their silver ornaments are ethnic minorities, but they are not pure silver ornaments after inspection. 1, color matching method: observed with eyes, it looks white, shiny and fine in workmanship, and it is a kind of silver jewelry with high color matching; Most of the color difference and dullness are fake silver ornaments. 2. Bending method: silver jewelry is lightly folded by hand, easy to bend and not easy to break, with high color; Stiff, barely folded colors are lower; Silver-plated jewelry will crack if it is bent or knocked a few times with a hammer; Those that can't stand a light discount and are easy to break are fakes. 3. Nitric acid identification method: use a glass rod to drop nitric acid on the file mouth of silver jewelry, and the color is brown rice with slight green. Dark green and black are light colors. 4. Throwing method: throw the silver jewelry on the table from top to bottom. The silver jewelry with good quality is the kind with low rebound and stable sound; Jump higher, the voice is sharp, and it is fake or poor quality silver jewelry thrown on the table.
Question 4: How to quickly identify the authenticity and color of silver 1
Platinum is silvery white or grayish white, which is between the colors of silver and nickel. Silver has a white luster and is easily oxidized with black spots or black; Fine and smooth texture; Hardness is lower than platinum.
2. Specific gravity
The proportion of platinum is significant, ranging from 15 to 19 or 2 1.4. The ratio of silver is 10.49. When you weigh platinum and silver ornaments of the same size by hand, you will find their differences.
3. Fire
The color of pure platinum remains unchanged after being heated or cooled by fire. After silver burns, its surface will appear moist red or black-red tone.
Step 4 bend
Pure platinum is easy to bend and straighten; Low color, hard and brittle, not easy to bend.
Step 5 listen
When you knock, if you make a blank sound of "Toto", it is relatively pure platinum; If it makes a harsh sound and rhyme, it is low-color platinum.
6. Mercury wiping test
Using the property that platinum does not absorb silver, mercury is coated on the touchstone grinding road. If it is silver-absorbing, it is K platinum made of gold, silver and platinum.
7, nitrate test
Grinding the platinum ornaments to be identified on the touchstone, and covering the ground track with a layer of salt, which does not need to be tightly covered; Then, drop nitric acid on the salt until it is soaked; Add some hot paper ash to the salt to play a catalytic role. After 20 minutes, wash the salt and nitric acid with clear water. After work, look over here. If there is no change, its color is about 99%; If there is trace acid, its color is about 95%; If the trace amount of nitric acid is large, its color is about 80 ~ 90%; If a layer of grinding road is corroded, the trace becomes gray, and its color is about 70%; If all traces disappear, it is fake platinum.
8. Identification of spontaneous combustion of gas lamps
Put the platinum ornaments to be identified on the gas stove. If it is real platinum, after a minute or two, the ornaments will turn red and the gas lamp will ignite automatically. If the jewelry is not platinum, there is no such reaction.
9, hydrogen peroxide reaction method
Platinum is a good catalyst with unique catalytic effect. Using this characteristic, platinum can be quickly identified. Hydrogen peroxide reaction method is commonly used. The specific method is as follows: Take a little powder of the test object and put it into a plastic bottle filled with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). If it is platinum, hydrogen peroxide will immediately roll and bubble, decomposing a lot of oxygen. After the reaction, platinum is still intact and can be recycled (only accelerating the decomposition); If it is fake platinum or other white metals, such as lead, silver and aluminum, there is no such reaction.
Question 5: How to identify pure silver and how to identify the authenticity of silver? The identification of pure silver mainly depends on the density of silver. The density of pure silver is 10.5, and the content of silver is generally detected by the gold and silver products appraisal center. Silver medals and silver medals can also be nondestructive tested by spectral analyzer.
Question 6: How to distinguish gold from silver requires some experience. Here are just some identification methods.
(1) Look at the color: The higher the purity of gold jewelry, the darker the color. In the absence of a gold medal, the general fineness can be determined according to the following colors (based on cyan gold). The so-called green gold is just silver in gold); The fineness of deep red yellow is above 95%, light red yellow is 90-95%, light yellow is 80-85%, blue yellow is 65-70%, blue white is only 50-60%, and yellow white is less than 50%. The so-called seven greens, eight yellows and nine reds can be used for reference. (2) Balance weight: The specific gravity of gold is 19.32, which is heavier than silver, copper, lead, zinc, aluminum and other metals. Because the volume of gold is more than 40% heavier than that of silver, 1.2 times heavier than that of copper and 6. 1 times heavier than that of aluminum. Gold jewelry should feel heavy in your hand, while fake gold jewelry feels light and floating. This method is not suitable for gold ornaments with precious stones.
(3) Look at hardness: Pure gold is soft and low in hardness, and shallow marks can be drawn with nails, and tooth marks can be left after biting. Gold ornaments with high color are softer than those with low color, and the more copper they contain, the harder they are. Bending method can also be used to test hardness. Pure gold is soft and easy to bend, and the lower the purity, the more difficult it is to bend.
(4) Listen to the sound: When real gold with a purity of over 99% is thrown on the hard ground, it will beep, without rhythm and elasticity. Fake or low-quality gold sounds crisp and dull, generally making a "Dangdang" sound, with a lingering sound, and violently beating after landing.
(5) Burning with fire: Burn the jewelry to be identified with fire (do not melt and deform the jewelry), and observe the color change after cooling. If the surface is still golden, it is pure gold; If the color darkens or turns black to varying degrees, it is not pure gold. Generally, the lower the fineness, the thicker the color, and all of them turn black, indicating that they are fake gold ornaments.
(6) Look at the mark: domestic gold ornaments are purified and prepared according to international standards, and marked with marks, such as "24K" for "full red" or "pure gold"; 18K gold, marked with the words "18K". If the color is lower than Locke, the K-gold seal number cannot be printed according to regulations. Nowadays, criminals in the society often make fake brands and imitate stamps, and use rare gold, inferior gold and even brass as real gold. Therefore, the identification of gold ornaments should be based on the comprehensive judgment of samples to determine the authenticity and color.
Platinum and platinum
In fact, simply speaking, platinum is an element and platinum is a mixture. Platinum: Platinum is chemically more stable than gold and its price is higher than that of Huang Jingui. Used to make high-end jewelry. The "pt900" or "pt950" seen on jewelry products represent that the platinum content in jewelry is 90% and 95% respectively. The purity of pure platinum jewelry is generally 95%, while the purity of 18k gold is only 75%. No metal can be completely pure, and there are impurities mixed with other metals. Platinum has almost no impurities, and its purity is extremely high. It will not fade and change color, and it can still maintain its luster over time. The pure white luster of platinum can well reflect the true light of diamonds. Rare platinum is 35 times as rare as gold. In the world, it can only be mined in a few places, mainly South Africa and Russia, as well as a few areas in Zimbabwe, Canada and South America. Only 88 tons of platinum is made into ornaments every year, while 2700 tons of gold. The quantity of platinum ore is less, and the ratio of platinum ore to gold ore is 1 to 10. The density and weight of Eternal Platinum make it more durable than other jewelry metals. All precious metals leave scratches, including platinum. However, the scratches on platinum only move the metal and will not reduce its volume, while the scratches on gold will bring wear and reduce the volume of gold. If visible scratches appear on platinum, qualified jewelers can polish it again. Platinum: A mixture containing gold (au) and a small amount of other metals. The highest purity of platinum visible in the market is 75%. It is made of 75% gold and 25% silver, nickel, copper and other metals, that is, white gold. Marked as 18k platinum, 750 platinum, 750g, etc. How to distinguish platinum from platinum depends mainly on the imprint on jewelry, in which the ring will be marked on the inner ring and the necklace will be marked on the buckle. Platinum jewelry containing more than 990‰ platinum is generally marked with "sufficient platinum". The symbol "p950" indicates platinum with a purity of 950‰. Platinum should be marked kk number. K refers to the gold content. For example, those marked with 18k white, 750g, 750k gold and au750 are all platinum with a gold content of 18k. The purity of platinum jewelry need not be "... >>"
Question 7: How to test the authenticity of silver? Although silver jewelry is not expensive, it is also true and false. Identifying the authenticity and fineness of silver ornaments can be tested by the physical and chemical properties of silver. Commonly used inspection methods are:
Counterweight: The specific gravity of silver is 10.49, which is slightly higher than that of ordinary metal. Generally speaking, "aluminum is lighter, silver is heavier, and copper is in the middle." So we can preliminarily judge whether it is silver by weighing. If the jewelry is large and light, it can be preliminarily judged that the jewelry belongs to other metals.
Look at the color: the higher the purity, the whiter the silver, the delicate color, the even luster and the touch-up. If it contains lead, the color of the flower is blue-gray; If it contains copper, the color will be rough and rotten, and it will feel dry. Although silver oxide has "black rust" on its surface, its color is black and bright. Lead, tin and copper are dull and dull in color.
Listening to rhyme: throw the silver ornaments on the table, the silver ornaments with high fineness will not bounce high, and the sound without rhyme will be stable; Jump higher, the voice is sharp, and it is fake or poor quality silver jewelry thrown on the table. The lower the color, the sharper the timbre and the higher the rhyme; If it is made of copper, its sound is high and sharp, and its rhyme is short and short; If it is made of lead and tin, the sound of falling to the ground is dull, short and inelastic.
High temperature reaction: the surface of silver is black and red after combustion.
Bending and hardness: the hardness of silver is lower than that of copper, but higher than that of lead and tin, so it is tested by slightly scratching the surface of the object with a pin. If the needle slips and it is difficult to leave traces on the surface, it can be judged as copper products; If it is lead-tin texture, the trace is obvious; If the object has traces but is not obvious, it can be preliminarily judged as silver jewelry. Pure white silver jewelry, pulled by hand, will be deformed when folded. Silver jewelry is easy to bend and break by hand, and its color is high; Stiff, barely folded colors are lower; Silver jewelry will crack after a few bends; Those that can't stand a light discount and are easy to break are fakes.
Identification of hydrogen sulfide: Silver ornaments and silver handicrafts often change color after a long time. One important factor is the great affinity between silver and sulfur. When silver meets hydrogen sulfide gas or sulfur ions in air, the following chemical reactions will occur: 4Ag+2H2S+O2=2Ag2S (black product) +2H2O, and an extremely insoluble silver salt silver sulfide (Ag2S) will be generated. Because silver sulfide is gray-black, with the intensification of the reaction, the surface color of silver will gradually change from white to yellow, then to gray and finally to black. Hydrogen sulfide is a natural product. Human and animal feces are decomposed by bacteria to produce a large amount of hydrogen sulfide, and protein in plants is also decomposed to produce hydrogen sulfide.
Identification of nitric acid: drop nitric acid on the file mouth of silver jewelry with a glass rod, which is brown rice color, slightly green and high in color; Dark green and black are light colors.
Look at the fracture to determine the color: cut off the silver ornaments and look at the stubble color. If the stubble is white and cotton-like, the surface of jewelry is smooth and delicate, and the surface color is dark and bright after oxidation, it can be concluded that its fineness is about 98%; If the stubble is soft and reddish, the color is about 95%; The stubble is white and gray, and the color is slightly reddish, accounting for about 90%. It is difficult to bend by hand, and the stubble is reddish or light gray, and its color is about 80%; Silver with a fineness of about 70% has a white dry surface and red and yellow stubble, which is not easy to bend; If the stubble is red, black and yellow, its color is below 60%.
Characteristics of forged silver: Forged silver is generally made of copper, brass, white copper, lead, tin and aluminum. Its characteristics are: copper: purple in appearance, black in stubble and green in embroidery. Brass: yellow in appearance, stubble green and embroidered green. White copper: appearance gray, stubble brick gray, green embroidery. Lead: grayish blue, soft, with nail marks. Tin: silvery white, soft, and can be scraped with nails. Aluminum: white gray, soft and light.
Question 8: Is there the simplest way to identify the authenticity of silver? Painting a white wall will turn black.
Question 9: How to simply distinguish between true and false silver? 1).
The specific gravity of silver is 10.5, which is much larger than other silver metals or alloys. For example, the specific gravity of lead is only 2.7.
2) Reasonable judgment
Silver is soft, and the sound made by falling on hard objects is weak, while the sound made by other metals is clear.
3) color judgment
After all, the white and silvery white of other metals are different, and the difference is particularly obvious after combustion and cooling. Barbecue with fire
Later, if it is true silver, silver will remain unchanged; If it is fake silver, or a product with poor quality, it will turn black after barbecue. Alternative
The method is to drop nitric acid on the surface of silver jewelry, and after wiping off nitric acid, the surface of the jewelry is still silvery white, indicating that it contains silver phase.
When it is high, if it is an ornament with low silver content, it will be grayish black.
4) Bending method
Hands are bent, high quality, easy to bend and not easy to break, poor bending feels hard, or barely bent, and some even
You can't bend it with your fingers. The silver plating will crack if it is bent or knocked a few times with a hammer. Fake ones can't stand bending and break easily.
The quality of silver jewelry can also be selected from four aspects:
① Look at the welding process for making gold and silver ornaments, and see whether the welding is clean and tidy, and whether there are cracks in the welding.
(2) Brightness requires pure plating color and strong brightness.
(3) The electroplating surface should be firm and round.
(4) Look at the hook claw. It is required for ornaments not to prick hands, not to scratch clothes, and it is convenient to wear.