Abstract: Jewelry appraisal certificate is the key to provide quality assurance in the process of jewelry sales. However, at present, the jewelry appraisal certificates issued by many inspection institutions at home and abroad lack the confirmation of the corresponding objects. Therefore, it is necessary to find and select the personality confirmation characteristics of jewelry and jade in practice and mark one or two on the certificate. The selection principle can be considered from three aspects, and the annotation method can be enlarged photos or sketches. This work not only has commercial significance and quality supervision, but also has important legal significance.

Keywords: jewelry; Certificate; Physical object; certainty

Jewelry and jade appraisal certificate (including inspection report) is a certificate for scientific appraisal and quality inspection of jewelry and jade ornaments. Providing necessary quality inspection certificates in jewelry sales is an important means to implement the relevant national laws and regulations on product quality, eliminate counterfeiting, protect the legitimate rights and interests of consumers and operators, and promote the healthy and orderly development of jewelry industry.

In order to make the appraisal certificate really play the above important role, besides the authenticity and accuracy of the contents marked in the physical appraisal, it is very important to confirm the conformity between the certificate and the physical object. The identification certificate is the "identity card" of the corresponding jewelry object. Only when the physical object has the confirmation function can it play the role of confirming the "identity" of jewelry and jade.

After China's reform and opening up, in the early stage of the recovery and development of the jewelry industry, there were no photos of the real objects on the gem appraisal certificates issued by some units, only the size and quality of the identified items were marked. Such proof is not confirmed by the authenticated object, so the possibility that the object can be replaced cannot be ruled out. With the improvement of the quality and technical supervision level of jewelry industry, the appraisal certificates issued by jewelry and jade quality inspection institutions are now accompanied by color pictures of jewelry. As long as the photos used are clear and accurate in color, and can clearly show the natural patterns, structures and structural features of jewelry with personality characteristics, people can clearly confirm whether the certificate conforms to the real thing according to these natural personality characteristics.

At present, many jewelry and jade appraisal certificates lack physical confirmation.

According to the author's understanding, many jewelry appraisal certificates at home and abroad lack the confirmation of the corresponding objects. The main reason is that the photos attached to this kind of certificate can't show the personality characteristics of the corresponding object, especially in the appraisal certificate of diamond jewelry. Diamonds are polished regularly because of their small size, especially the ring faces below 1 carat are almost round diamonds. Diamonds have strong refraction and reflection, and the clarity reaches the gem level. It is difficult to see the identifiable personality characteristics in general photos, and the difference in clarity is not clear, even from counterfeit products such as synthetic cubic zirconia with the same morphology. Laymen often agree, as long as the pictures are consistent in style. However, metal frames are generally made of molds, and the same mold style is the same, so there is no conclusion about the appraisal certificate and physical comparison of jewelry and jade.

Other kinds of jewelry and jade rings are often smaller in size. When the definition is good, the color is uniform and the surface is reflective, it is difficult to show the personality confirmation feature in the photo.

For the above-mentioned appraisal certificate, it is difficult to see the corresponding jewels and jade in the photos if they are replaced with counterfeit products with similar colors, textures, shapes and sizes. Although these certificates are all marked with the total quality of jewelry, if the density of jewelry and jade inlaid on them is different from the replacement, the total quality will change, but counterfeiters can completely adjust the total quality by adding metal to the back of the jewelry bracket to achieve the purpose of counterfeiting.

For bracelets and large carvings, the physical size in the photos used is generally smaller than the physical size. If the stone color is single and there is no pattern with individual characteristics, photos often can't confirm the real thing. Although photos can show the technological shape and texture characteristics of jewelry, counterfeiters can make counterfeit goods with the same shape with other materials by using computer simulation carving technology. For example, it is difficult to distinguish between crystal and glass products with good clarity, suet jade and chalcedony, amber and rosin. It's hard to tell in general photos. Therefore. The jewelry and jade appraisal certificate that belongs to the above situation does not have the confirmation of the real thing, so it loses the ability to forge.

Second, find and choose the personality confirmation characteristics of jewelry and jade.

The author pays attention to and tries to solve the confirmation problem between the certificate and the real thing in the work of jewelry and jade identification and certification. For example, the author once issued a diamond ring appraisal report of 0.5 carats of diamonds. Because the host was in a hurry, he went to other places and didn't even have time to take pictures. After the appraisal, I had to draw a diamond sketch on the appraisal report, and a micro-inclusion sketch was drawn on the surface of the ring next to it. One of the inclusions has a special shape, like a cat, and then the owner is asked to check whether the figure is accurate in the mirror and sign the report. Two years later, the owner of the diamond wanted to sell it to others. The buyer was not at ease and came to me with the owner to confirm whether the appraisal report was consistent with the real thing. I put the ring under the mirror and adjusted the focus of the contents. Found the "cat" and let the buyer check for himself. He confirmed it at a glance and said, "That's brilliant! What grows in this natural stone can be forged by anyone who has the ability! " Of course, this cat-like inclusion is unique in the world, but it is not difficult to find inclusions with individual characteristics in other diamonds, and so are other jewels and jade. It is best to find inclusions in crystals, such as solid inclusions, liquid inclusions, gas inclusions or two-phase, three-phase inclusions and so on. Each inclusion often has its own unique shape and combination mode (mutual position, distance, etc. The questions they ask often have unique personality characteristics. Especially those inclusions with identification significance, which can be used as both confirmation features and important documents for identification and detection, have dual significance. If the inclusions are not obvious, we can also choose some special structural features of the gem as confirmation features, such as growth lines, ribbons, pores, cracks, and even the damaged morphology of the surface or edge. As long as this morphological feature is artificially unrepeatable and naturally difficult to reproduce, it can be considered as a personality confirmation feature.

For jadeite, obvious color morphology, structural morphology and large cracks can all show confirmation characteristics in general clear photos. For those jadeites with uniform color, structure and texture and no ornamentation, we have to find some microscopic features with unique internal morphology as the basis. For example, under the microscope, we can find some spots, cotton spots and cotton balls, fine structural forms, fine cracks and so on. Even sand holes and potholes left by surface treatment, as long as its shape is unique. It is not easy to be identical, and it is also difficult to copy manually, which can also be considered as a personality confirmation feature.

In the appraisal certificate, you only need to choose one or two places for each of the above jewels and jade. There are three principles in the selection: first, the characteristics should be unique and distinctive, and it is difficult for people to imitate and forge them; Second, the location of jewelry should be easy to observe. For example, faceted gems should be selected from the crown, and those with poor transparency should not be selected from the bottom; Third, the characteristics of personality confirmation are best seen clearly with a magnifying glass of ten times, which is convenient for verification. But for those jewels and jade with high purity, such as diamonds, we have to look for those subtle personality confirmation features under the microscope.

Thirdly, determine the marking method of the features on the certificate.

In order to facilitate the confirmation between the certificate and the real thing, for high-grade gems such as diamonds, if the ring face is small, it is best to enlarge the ring face when taking pictures. If the confirmation can't be displayed on a basic photo, it is necessary to add one or two microscopic photos with personality confirmation characteristics to form a regular square, which can not only mark the relationship between photos, but also maintain the aesthetic feeling of document composition. After the photo is pasted, the position and magnification of personality confirmation features should be marked on the micrograph with thin lines. When taking pictures, we should pay attention to the choice of light source and the adjustment of lighting mode, and at the same time control the required size of the image. If you can't take micrographs, you can also refer to the national standard GB/T 16554-2002 "Marking Method of Diamond Grading Certificate Cleanliness Sketch" to depict the characteristics of personality confirmation. However, the description can not be described by symbols, but by realistic methods, accurate graphics should be drawn, and the corresponding positions on the panoramic photos should be marked with thin lines. The characteristic of personality confirmation is natural password in jewelry and jade. Marking the whole photo of the object on the jewelry appraisal certificate enhances the confirmation and imitation function of the matching between the certificate and the object, and also plays a role in confirming the technical responsibility of the appraisal inspection institution and appraiser. This is an effective restriction on those who take advantage of the weakness of the certificate to exchange goods and blame the appraisal institutions and appraisers. Therefore, it is not only of commercial significance and quality supervision significance, but also of great legal significance to strengthen the confirmation of real objects in jewelry appraisal certificates. It can also be used for reference in the appraisal report issued in jewelry and jade appraisal and other documents related to jewelry and jade affairs.