However, there is no trace of "phoenix" on this rockhopper, but a scene of lush vegetation, just like a small forest above your head.
In fact, this is not surprising, because although the emperor claimed to be the real dragon emperor, from the Qin Dynasty to the Ming Dynasty, there was no dragon as the official top hat of the emperor in the crown. Crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested
The core part of this rockhopper has a beautiful name-Huashu. The flower tree is based on a small wooden tray with a spring-shaped handle of 12, and the top is a flower made of gold-plated copper foil, decorated with glass stamens and pebbles. In the center of the 12 flower, there is also a treasure flower with a copper tube as the handle, *** 13 flower. On the whole rockhopper, 13 such flower trees were planted, totaling 169 flowers. It can be said that a hundred flowers blossom and the spring is infinite.
Looking through the literature in Sui and Tang Dynasties, we can find that the function of these flower trees is not only to decorate, but also to show the status of women: the queen with the highest status wears flower trees 12, the first-class married woman 9, and the second-class married woman 8, in descending order. According to etiquette, the number of flower trees is the same as the number of flowers on each tree, that is to say, there are 12 flower trees, and each tree has 12 flowers. Then the question is, why did Hou Feng Jr. have one more flower tree on his crown than the ritual system, and one more flower per plant?
The reason is still inconclusive, and we can only make some speculations based on Hou Yaozong's extraordinary life experience. Hou Yaozong was born in a noble family, the Xiao family in Lanling, and his great-grandfather was Prince Xiao Tong of Nanliang Zhaoming. She married Yang Guang at the age of 16 and was made queen at the age of 39. At the age of 52, the Sui Dynasty collapsed, and then she was exiled to various rebels, even as far away as East Turkistan. In the fourth year of Zhenguan in Tang Dynasty (630), Li Jing destroyed the East Turkistan and welcomed Hou Yaozong back to Chang 'an. In terms of seniority, Hou Yaozong is the first cousin of Emperor Taizong and Li Shimin. In the 21st year of Zhenguan (647), Xiao Hou died at the age of 865,438+0. Emperor Taizong buried her with Yang Di in Yangzhou as a queen. Perhaps Emperor Taizong was full of respect for the legendary queen of the former dynasty, so he gave her extra-standard treatment-one more flower tree was added to the phoenix crown, and one more flower was added to each plant.
The flowers on the spring will sway gently with the footsteps, just like the wind blowing the wheat waves, how poetic. Some scholars speculate that the predecessor of the bouquet is a familiar headdress in the Han Dynasty. Liu Xi's "Interpretation of Names and Jewelry" Day in the Eastern Han Dynasty: "Beads are hung on the ladder, and the ladder is also shaken." Liu Xi walks like a hairpin with a pendant. But in fact, the part that can be shaken is not necessarily a hanging bead, and its shape is varied. The most common are flowers and leaves. For example, Buyao in A Jin of Han Dynasty unearthed in Wuwei, Gansu, is a four-petal flower with eight small flowers or buds connected by twigs, and a bird stands in the middle with a round gold leaf in its mouth. There is a tiny ring at the top of each of the four petals, which should be decorated.
The Buyao described in Yu Fu Zhi in the later Han Dynasty is even more vibrant: it "takes gold as the mountain theme, white beads as cassia twigs, and eight bunches (finches) as flowers", that is, it is based on gold, wrapped with cassia twigs, strung with white beads, decorated with flowers and birds, and there are "bears, tigers, red and black, deer and birds". Everything really grows and birds sing. The walking shake here is composed of many parts, more like a hat than a headdress, so the saying of walking shake crown appeared in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. This laid the embryonic form of rockhopper in Sui and Tang Dynasties.
In the Han dynasty, walking and shaking was a jewelry that the queen had to wear when she visited the shrine, and the people were not allowed to circulate it. Modern people may wonder, it's so complicated to walk and stagger while walking, isn't it convenient to move? In fact, one of the major functions of walking is to restrict actions and warn empresses to remain dignified and decent. Because after putting on the step shake, if the step is too wide and the movement range is too large, Jin Yezi or Kim will shake wildly. Isn't it rude? Therefore, it is not an exaggeration to compare it to the spells on the heads of queens. However, the walking posture was so beautiful that folk women rushed to follow suit and bravely left etiquette and prohibition behind. Tang Yulin in the Song Dynasty recorded that during the reign of Tang Changqing (82 1-824), "women's jewelry in Beijing is gorgeous, pearls, combs and steps are magnificent." After all, the pain of "tightening the spell" is not comparable to the nature of women's love for beauty.
Therefore, Buyao should have originated in the West and then spread to the East across Eurasia through the Silk Road. Many complete walking crowns have also been unearthed in Japan and South Korea at the eastern end of Asia. Why are westerners keen to wear gold sticks in a prominent position? This should be the worship of the tree god.
In ancient Roman mythology, the branches of golden leaves were symbols of power. There is an ancient custom in ancient Rome: there is a temple of the goddess of the forest near Rome, and its priest is an escaped slave. His task is to protect a sacred tree next to the temple with a sharp sword. Once someone breaks the branches of this tree, he has the right to duel with the priest. If he can kill the priest, he can replace him as a new priest and get the title of "King of the Forest". This branch of fate is called "Golden Branch". This is the origin of the title of the modern British anthropologist Fraser's masterpiece "Golden Branch".
It turns out that the step-shake, full of China charm, was once a "foreign style" jewelry two thousand years ago.
Although walking waves decorated with flowers and branches and leaves are imported, the phoenix, which was born and raised in China, finally climbed the branches in the Song Dynasty and became the most important accessory on the crested rockhopper. Phoenix has a long history. As early as the Neolithic Age, phoenix patterns appeared from Hemudu culture in the south to Hongshan Culture in the northeast. But for most of the history, the image of Phoenix has no direct connection with women, but is a symbol of good luck and virtue. In the Tang Dynasty, there was a "Phoenix fever" in the society. For example, the court named the south gate of Daming Palace as "Danfengmen", and among the more than 40,000 Tang poems, the words "phoenix" and "Luan" appeared more than 4,000 times. It can be said that there is a phoenix in every ten Tang poems.
During this period, Phoenix generally appeared in women's jewelry design. For example, the sarcophagus carved in the tomb of Prince Yide of Tang Dynasty in Ganling, Shaanxi Province, is full of ladies-in-waiting, wearing a high crown, and a huge phoenix hairpin is inserted on each side of the crown, with a string of beads in its mouth. Another example is the mural of Cave 6 1 in Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes, in which Cao's wife, Mrs. Zhai, our special envoy to the Five Dynasties rebellion, wore a rockhopper on her head, as if a phoenix had made a nest on her mistress's head. Correspondingly, "Feng Chai" appeared frequently in Tang poetry. For example, in the poems of Ji, a poet in the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties, there are all kinds of phoenixes: "Treasure chai and emerald phoenix, a thousand miles of fragrance screen dreams", "Spring mountain hangs upside down, people sleep on the eaves in spring" and "charming pillows overlap phoenixes, and spring dissolves water."
In the Song Dynasty, the crested rockhopper changed greatly on the basis of following the Sui and Tang Dynasties, that is, it was decorated with dragons and phoenixes and became a veritable crested rockhopper. The History of Song Dynasty and the History of Olympic Affairs records the shape of the queen's crested phoenix: there are twelve flowering trees, which are still the same as those in Sui and Tang Dynasties, but the crown is decorated with "Four Phoenix in Kowloon". Unfortunately, this record is too rough. Fortunately, after the demise of the Northern Song Dynasty, the Jin Dynasty brought two emperors, Hui and Qin, together with their empresses, to the north, and then inherited the style of the Northern Song Dynasty rockhopper. The Book of Jin, Ao Fuzhi, has a very detailed description of the crested rockhopper: a corolla, a vase, a green watch, a green silk lined with golden red lotori, and four phoenixes in Kowloon. There is an ear ball in front of Dalong Street, with 10 flowers in front and 10 plants in the back, as well as Fu Xie, Peacock, Yunhe, Queen Mother Fairy Team and Floating Petals. Then there is Yan Na, and there are two golden temples on the top, which are made of pearls, with emeralds dripping gold on them, gold rings on the bottom and seven treasures on them.
If you are not a professional researcher in ancient costume, this passage may not be easy to understand, but you can certainly feel the complexity and splendor of this rockhopper between the lines. In addition to the flower tree and the four phoenixes in Kowloon, there are rare birds such as peacocks and cloud cranes on the brim, and even the fairy queue led by the Queen Mother, which is really noble to the extreme.
Behind the beautiful rockhopper is a cruel history. When the captured queen of the Northern Song Dynasty took off her gorgeous clothes, the queen of the Jin Dynasty continued to wear the same phoenix crest and enjoy all the honors. According to documents such as History of Jingkang, Empress Zheng and Empress Zhu were forced to wear headscarves and sheepskins at the ceremony of offering prisoners held by Jin people, and were led like sheep. Empress Zhu was ashamed and drowned herself that night.
Sadly, the crests of the Jin Empresses were not worn for a long time. In13rd century, Mongolia perished the Jin Dynasty and the Southern Song Dynasty. This time, the Mongolian queen did not inherit the phoenix crown of Song and Jin, but continued the traditional female crown of her own nation-the aunt crown.
This is not because the Mongolian queen thinks the crested rockhopper is heavy, and it is as high as two feet. Made of iron wire or birch, decorated with red Luo and pearl jade. I'm afraid it's not less difficult to wear than rockhopper.
The powerful Mongolian regime is not only invincible on the battlefield, but also culturally rejects the ritual and music culture of its defeated people as the last stream. Therefore, during the nearly one hundred years of the Yuan Dynasty, the Empress Dowager kept the traditional Mongolian costumes.
After Zhu Yuanzhang ascended the throne, he was determined to restore China orthodoxy. One of the important contents is to inherit the costumes of the Song Dynasty. In the third year of Hongwu (1370), Zhu Yuanzhang finalized the dresses for the queen's library, temple fair and court meeting, and the ceremonial crown was still the four phoenix crowns in Kowloon. However, because the new regime is in its infancy, and all walks of life are dying after the peasant war at the end of the Yuan Dynasty, the design of the rockhopper is a little less complicated than that in the Song and Jin Dynasties, and only the most basic dragons and phoenixes, twelve flowering trees and twelve cymbals in two temples are preserved.
When Ming Chengzu ascended the throne, the national strength was strong, and the crested rockhopper began to be valued, even more exquisite than in the Song and Jin Dynasties. In addition to the "standard" of dragon and phoenix flower trees, it also specifies in detail how to open flowers: the flowers on the big pearl flower tree are "Cui Hua with two heads and nine leaves", and the flowers on the small pearl flower tree are "one flower, one half-opened, and five green leaves"
Manchu is also a minority regime, and it also retains its own national characteristics in the ceremony system of crown service. For example, the winter crown of the queen has many northeast elements of Manchu hometown, such as smoked mink, East Pearl (that is, northeast pearl) and birch. However, the degree of localization in Manchu Dynasty was deeper than that in Bimengyuan, so seven golden phoenix were embedded in the ring of the crown of the Winter Dynasty. Although there was no name for the queen's crown in Qing Dynasty, the former crown was the product of "hybridization".
In history, men fought for the highest power, which triggered countless wars. What about women? Also in the palace. In 1950s, four magnificent peaks were unearthed in the Ming Tombs. Behind them is a bitter history of blood and tears.
These four rockhoppers belong to two queens in Ming Shenzong, the Filial Piety Queen and the Filial Piety Queen. Two queens of wang xing participated in the first draft competition held by Zongshen Hougong in the same year. Who doesn't dream of wearing the winner's badge? But the competition is cruel. Filial piety queen, formerly known as Wang Xi's elder sister, won the first prize in the draft and was in the middle of the official position. It's a pity that she only had one daughter, and then she miscarried many times and never got pregnant with the dragon seed again. The fate of the filial piety queen Wang is even worse. She failed to enter the top three, so she was assigned to Zongshen's mother, Ci Ning, as a maid of honor.
One day, the Queen's fate took an unexpected turn. She was stopped by Emperor Zongshen, who had a sperm in his brain, and she once won the bid. At that time, Zongshen was only 18 years old, and neither of them dared to make any noise. However, Wang's big belly has become an open secret in the harem.
The emperor's mother, Li, is also a maid-in-waiting, and her mother is very expensive. After Zongshen ascended the throne, she became the queen mother. That the king should be a princess and protected. Soon, Wang Gongfei gave birth to the emperor's eldest son, Zhu Changluo, who later became Guangzong.
However, after all, Wang Gongfei only got the pleasure of sex from Zongshen, but never got her husband's favor. Just four months before the king was canonized, he married nine concubines in one breath. In addition, Zheng Guifei, one of the nine concubines, was deeply loved by Zongshen, and she was arrogant and abused Wang Gongfei in every way, calling her "old mother".
After giving birth to the third son Zhu, he was bent on seeking the position of prince for his son, so he regarded the princess as a thorn in his side. Wang Gongfei was cautious and worried that his son would be assassinated. It was not until Zhu Changluo was thirteen that he took him to sleep. Sure enough, in the 22nd year of Wanli (1594), Zheng Guifei reported to Zongshen that Zhu Changluo had molested officials and women, and Zongshen was frightened, so he quickly sent messengers to check. Wang Gongfei was in tears: "I've been lying with my son for thirteen years, and I'm afraid someone will set me up. It really came true today! " The messenger truthfully reported to Zongshen, which saved Zhu Changluo's innocence.
The opening of the shop alarmed Cining officials. Zong Shen in Li Taihou: "Ministers said that the prince should be appointed earlier. What do you think? " Zongshen always disliked Wang Gongfei and Zhu Changluo and said, "Chang Luo is just the son of a rich woman." Li Taihou was furious at once: "You are also a formal girl! Mother is more expensive than son, there is no such thing as three or six! " Zongshen was ashamed, so he had to make Zhu Changluo a prince.
However, Wang Gongfei was not as expensive as his mother's son, but was imprisoned in Jingyang Palace by ungrateful Shintoism and isolated from the world for ten years. It was not until the thirty-ninth year of Wanli (16 1 1) that Wang Gongfei became seriously ill, and Prince Zhu Changluo got the permission of his father to visit his mother. At this point, Wang Gongfei has been blind, and both mother and son are crying. Wang Gongfei shivered and stroked Zhu Changluo's face and said, "I don't hate my son growing up like this." He died, only 46 years old.
According to the internal information cited in Wen Wenbing's note "Dial the Record First" in the late Ming Dynasty, the meeting between mother and son was even worse. After Zhu Changluo entered Jingyang Palace, Zheng Guifei sent someone to follow him. Wang Gongfei was afraid of being caught, so they had to take care of each other. Zheng Guifei sent people to wait until Wang Gongfei died and Zhu Changluo was able to collect his mother's bones.
Poor Wang Gongfei was still humiliated after his death. Zongshen didn't take his wife's death to heart. The funeral dragged on for ten months, and Wang Gongfei's body had rotted, with no funerary objects and no one guarding the tomb. It was not until her grandson Ming Xizong ascended the throne that she was honored as Empress Xiaojing. The coffin was moved to Dingling, where it was buried with Empress Zongshen and Xiao Duan, and a special rockhopper was added for the Empress.
According to the ritual system in the early Ming Dynasty, the queen had two crowns, one was the ceremonial crown of Kowloon Four Phoenix worn on formal occasions, and the other was the double phoenix dragon crown included in the secret service, or "Yan Juguan". So, two queens were buried in Dingling, and one * * * buried four rockhoppers. Interestingly, these four crowns are twelve dragons and nine phoenixes, nine phoenixes in Kowloon, six dragons and three phoenixes, and none of them follow the ancestral system. However, this does not affect the luxury of rockhopper at all. Take the three dragons and two jumps of Empress Xiaojing as an example. There are more than 100 gems and more than 5,000 pearls on it, which are resplendent and magnificent, comparable to a small jewelry museum.
Unfortunately, when Empress Xiaojing was alive, she never wore this rockhopper for a day. People die, even if the rockhopper is big and gorgeous, what can it do?
"Pheasant rockhopper" is also very popular.
Despite the endless tragedies surrounding the rockhopper in history, the beautiful rockhopper has always attracted thousands of women to be fascinated by it, wave after wave. If the highest ideal of ancient literati is to be the top scholar in the exam, then the biggest dream of women's life is to have a rockhopper. Then, for women who have no chance to enter the post-official, how can they have a "rockhopper addiction"?
You can't wear a phoenix, but pheasants can. According to the etiquette system of the Ming Dynasty, empresses can use phoenix, and imperial concubines can use Zhai (long-tailed pheasant). The appearance of the two is similar, so the vegetarian official who orders women is generally also called rockhopper. It is a great honor to wear such a "cottage" rockhopper. As a result, just like a child proudly sticking a certificate in the middle of the wall, many rock-jumping penguins are impressively marked with four big characters in front of the pearl cluster: "Life of Tian Feng".
The imperial edict of Mrs. Chao Shu and the imperial court sealed the mother or wife and children of a senior official. If men are "eager for official positions", then women are also "eager for success" at home. In history, some ministers have been slow to get the crown, not only the ministers are in a hurry, but also their wives are in a hurry. For example, in the early years of Ming Jiajing, the cabinet records urged Emperor Jiajing to say that his stepson Sue had been married to the Xia family for 30 years, and there was no rockhopper, so that he was not qualified to attend every court ceremony. Shi Kefa, a famous anti-Qing fighter in the late Ming Dynasty, once comforted his wife who had been thinking about it for a long time in a letter home, saying, "I have been in office for half a year, and I should finish the exam in another half a year, and then I can ask the court to seal it for you."
In many traditional operas that reflect women's themes, crested phoenix is also an important role. There is a classic drama "The Dream of the Phoenix Crown" in Fujian, which is adapted from the article "Ancient and Modern Novels" by Feng Menglong in the late Ming Dynasty. It tells the story of Li Yuanshun, the official doctor, betrothing his daughter Yuee to Shen, the son of the imperial censor. However, the honest Shen Lian offended Yan Song, the chief book of the ruling and opposition cabinet, and was dismissed by Emperor Jiajing for investigation. Li Yuanshun, afraid of being implicated, forced Shen to write a letter of divorce and betrothed her to Yan Song's grandson.
Later, I realized that Yan Song had fallen. Shen won the first prize in the exam, and his wife was appointed as his wife, giving her a rockhopper and a robe. Li Yuee desperately wanted to wear a rockhopper, so the Li Yuanshun family denied the destruction of their loved ones and brazenly robbed them. The two sides fought a lawsuit, which led to the climax of the plot-after two appeals and three trials, Justice Zou Yinglong finally set a clever plan to expose the true face of vain Li Yuee, and her dream of phoenix crown was shattered.
So, does the rockhopper just exist to cater to women's vanity? Of course not. The rockhopper has its profound practical significance. Ancient women could not take part in the imperial examination and make contributions. The main way for them to gain social status is to teach their sons and husbands, and with the success of their husbands and sons, they were crowned and won the phoenix crown. The rockhopper symbolizes honor, and its social value lies in inspiring thousands of women in Qian Qian to become role models of virtue, supporting their husbands and educating their children wholeheartedly. This plays an important role in the traditional social ideal of running the country.
"Three Mothers Educate Children" is a widely circulated story: after the wives of a family got the news of the master's death, the first wife and the second wife were unable to bear poverty and remarried. Only Yu Ji Wang Chune stuck to her poverty, worked hard at weaving for a living, and taught her stepson. A few years later, the stepson became the top student in high school, and learned that his father was not only alive, but also an official. The father and son returned to their hometown and expressed their deep gratitude to Wang. At the end of the story, Wang was appointed as his wife, and all the neighbors admired him.
This is a story about an ordinary woman who changed her destiny by virtue of her character. What she wants to preach is the mainstream values of ancient women: chastity and virtue. And the king was given a crown, which is no less significant than a memorial archway praising women's virtue. If all the women in the world are Rainbow Chuna, why worry about social instability?
On the other hand, it is not easy to wear rockhopper in harem or folk. Moreover, people who can enjoy such an honor should not only have an extraordinary brain, but also have outstanding physical strength. How do you say this? According to the measurement, Ming Taizu Xiao Duan's nine jumping rocks in Kowloon weigh 2.32kg, which is equivalent to carrying a box of milk on his head. Empresses and concubines of the Ming Dynasty often wore it to attend long and complicated ceremonies, and the degree of hard work was conceivable. The pressure of his wife's death is not small. In Zunyi, Guizhou, Feng Guan, the wife of the Ming Dynasty Bozhou Tusi, was unearthed. The jewels in the crown were looted when they were unearthed, but the rest was still nearly 2 kilograms.
Women in Zhejiang are king.
Empresses and wives of various ranks of the royal family account for only a small part of the country's female population. For those ordinary women at the bottom, it is not only the misfortune of rockhopper, but also the hopelessness of Zhaiguan. How should their dreams of rockhopper be pinned?
In the coastal areas of eastern Zhejiang, there is a story that "all women in Zhejiang are kings". In the folk wedding custom, it is not too much for the bride to wear a phoenix crown and sit in a big sedan chair, such as a royal gift.
According to legend, after the disaster of Jingkang, Zhao Gou, King Kang, fled to Ninghai on a white horse, and the nomads from behind were still in hot pursuit. At this critical moment, Zhao Gou met a village girl who was sunbathing in the valley. The girl had a brainwave, hid him in a laundry basket full of millet, and then patted the white horse on the hind leg, and the white horse flew away. Behind nomads from behind, the girl pointed to the direction of the white horse galloping, cheated nomads from, Zhao Gou was saved. In order to repay this girl for saving her life, Zhao Gou made a promise: If she can become emperor, this girl can enjoy the honor of wearing a phoenix crown and sitting in a sedan chair when she gets married. Later, Zhao Gou really became emperor, so he ordered a reward. The country girl wore a gorgeous rockhopper and gave a wonderful performance at the wedding. Brides in the village followed suit, so this custom soon spread throughout Zhejiang.
This story is fictional, but the custom of newly married women wearing robes with crests at weddings is true. The real origin of this custom may be related to Ma Huanghou, the wife of Zhu Yuanzhang, the first emperor of Ming Dynasty. According to the notes of Qing Dynasty, crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested crested Ma Shi was born a commoner, but she turned over and became the mother of a country, which made her sisters in her hometown envious. Therefore, Ma Huanghou asked her husband to allow my daughter to wear a feathered dress when she got married. Zhu Yuanzhang always respected his wife and agreed to this request. In this way, rockhopper has gradually become the standard of wedding clothes, which is also the glory of many women only once in their lives. Regardless of the bride's status, "she must use a crowned dress to show that she is a wife rather than a concubine".
By the Qing Dynasty, the traditional Han empresses' costumes had all disappeared, and only the crested phoenix remained in the wedding clothes, which became the remnants of ancient costumes.
With the gradual widening of the hair styles of empresses in Qing Dynasty, more and more ornaments such as hairpin and flowers were used for decoration, forming an independent crown headdress, which became popular in the middle of Qing Dynasty. If all the crowns of emperors and empresses in past dynasties are included in the category of "phoenix crown", then Xunzi can be said to be the latest "phoenix crown".
In the costume drama Ruyi Palace, Xunzi was specially used.