Subsequently, Greece, Rome, Persia, Sassanian dynasty, etc. Gold and silver utensils were widely used.
The development of gold and silver culture in China is also long and brilliant.
As early as about 3,000 years ago in the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, gold products began to appear.
Later, in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, silver products were used.
The early gold and silver wares were small decorations, and their compactness, simplicity, freshness and liveliness became the most appropriate summary of the characteristics of gold and silver wares at this time.
Subsequently, after the prosperity and development of Qin and Han dynasties, the gold and silver wares were integrated into the exotic customs brought about by the cultural exchanges in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, and finally formed a colorful, mature, healthy, elegant and lively independent style in the Tang Dynasty, which became the symbol of a prosperous generation.
In the Song and Yuan Dynasties, the gold and silver wares were decorated with painting art, so they were more poetic and elegant than the previous generation.
Gorgeous wealth is a remarkable feature of gold and silver wares in Ming and Qing Dynasties.
During this period, the modeling of gold and silver vessels was so exquisite that they became cumbersome and faded out of the vitality of the Tang and Song Dynasties.
With pearls and precious stones embedded in gold and silver vessels, gold and silver handicrafts began to be combined with lacquer, wood and jade handicrafts.
Under the background of exquisite craftsmanship and magnificent overall effect, a series of wonderful products have opened up a new road for the development of gold and silver wares.
The ancient gold and silver wares in China are not only various and extensive, but also complex in technology and high in scientific and technological value.
According to the purpose, it includes not only household utensils, clothing, religious utensils, funeral utensils, medical care utensils, coins and tools, but also a small number of sacrificial objects, weapons and models, covering almost all aspects of social life.
It is worth noting that gold and silver products appeared as works of art with aesthetic value from the beginning, unlike bronzes and jade articles, which gradually broke away from utilitarian production tools and entered the category of aesthetic objects after a long development.
More interestingly, gold and silver utensils with use value did not appear in large numbers until after the Tang Dynasty.
The characteristics of "rarity is the most precious thing" make people give gold and silver utensils greater significance than practical objects themselves, focusing on "gold and silver" and frustrated with "utensils"
At the same time, a beautiful gold and silver vessel, from birth to completion, often needs to use a variety of techniques to perfectly combine the creation of nature with human wisdom, thus achieving its priceless price and dazzling light.
The ancient gold and silver wares in China are not only complicated in technology and superb in production, but also beautifully shaped and decorated. Each piece is a masterpiece of perfect combination of science and art..
Whether it is a plane modeling based on geometry or a three-dimensional modeling based on animal and plant sketches, it shows exquisite observation and accurate proportion.
Large people tend to be steady and strong, while small people are slim, smart and elegant.
Vivid modeling, gold or bright, or silver and solemn base, gives people a strong hint of visual and psychological effects.
The decoration of decorative patterns pays great attention to the overall effect.
The layout arrangement highlights two characteristics.
First, pay attention to symmetry.
Taking the central axis of the vessel as the center, the same pattern is arranged in opposite directions from left to right, so that the whole vessel presents a balanced and full feeling.
Second, pay attention to contrast.
With the contrast of size, height, movement and color, various changes are formed, resulting in a sense of rhythm, thus highlighting the theme and expressing the cultural connotation clearly and smoothly.
The theme used for decoration is rich and colorful.
There are realistic or patterned animals and plants as the content; There are character stories that reflect the life of the times; There are natural scenes showing flowing clouds, waterfalls and morning light; There are also religious images such as Bodhisattva, Lohan and King Kong. There are also highly abstract geometric patterns, which show a variety of arrangements: symmetry, gyration, embrace, relatively balanced arrangement, or continuous arrangement.
What best represents people's eternal and beautiful hopes is a vessel with various auspicious patterns and words as its content.
Different representations represent people's multiple psychological desires for blessing and happiness.
For example, the dragon symbolizes sacredness, the phoenix symbolizes nobility, the peony symbolizes brilliance, the magpie makes trouble in the branches symbolizes auspiciousness and celebration, the swan wins the championship symbolizes peace, and the pomegranate and the roe symbolize many children.
In addition, there are patterns and auspicious words implied by harmony, and the main ways of expressing the combination of the two.
Common auspicious patterns include bats, wishful thinking, chimes, fish, pine, bamboo and plum.
Chinese characters include "Fu", "Shou", "Celebrating the Millennium", "Birthday" and so on.
These symbolic combinations with strong China characteristics, combined with gold and silver vessels, not only satisfy people's psychology of pursuing wealth and longing for power, but also satisfy the sustenance of various beautiful meanings, which is really a combination of works.
Gold and silver vessels, made of precious metals, are exquisitely made, and combined with scientific and artistic concepts, show the different cultural connotations of the Chinese nation in different periods for thousands of years.
It will also explain the national psychology of pursuing wealth and good fortune in the same era.
Decorative and practical gold and silver utensils, because of their high value and unique characteristics, deliberately show their unique humanistic, scientific and economic values in ordinary metal utensils.
The dazzling and pleasing gold and silver wares have become timeless and well-deserved treasures handed down from generation to generation! During the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, all kinds of traditional handicraft production in China reached the peak of history.
Bureaucratic nobles, landlords and businessmen have widely used gold and silver vessels and jewelry inlays.
The gold and silver wares of the Yuan Dynasty were mainly carved with exquisite and handsome patterns, showing exquisite decorative skills.
Among a batch of gold and silver wares unearthed in Tomb of Yuqian, a southern suburb of Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, the most distinctive ones are gold-plated petal-shaped silver plates and lamps.
This device is hammered into flower-shaped lamps and trays with silver pieces. The petals are engraved with broken branches and flower patterns, and the surface of the device is gold-plated, which is exquisite silverware in Yuan Dynasty.
The craftsmanship of gold and silver wares in the Ming Dynasty was more exquisite, and most of the treasures were found in the imperial tombs.
The Phnom Penh Crown of Wanli Emperor and the Phnom Penh Crown of Yufeng Filial Piety of Wanli, unearthed in Dingling, Beijing, are examples of gold and silver crafts in the Ming Dynasty.
The emperor's golden crown is all made of gold wire, and the crown is decorated with two golden dragon playing beads, which is lifelike. The dragon body is made of thick gold wire, which is welded into a leaky scale shape by pinching and embossing. This crown is a combination of weaving and flower carving.
The Queen's golden crown used an extremely complicated filigree inlaid jewelry process, with more than 5,000 pearls and 100 jewels, which were used to decorate the four phoenixes in Kowloon. Beaded with jewels, dancing with dragons and phoenixes, exquisite craftsmanship. This is a treasure in the Ming Dynasty.
The craft of gold and silver wares in Qing Dynasty developed unprecedentedly, and the royal family used gold and silver wares in all aspects, such as laws and regulations, sacrifices, crowns, life, saddles, furnishings, Buddhism and so on.
Most of the fine works are collected in the Palace Museum in Beijing. One of them is a silver vase, which is made of chrysanthemum petals. It is first made of silver petals and then welded together. It has a thin neck and a complete circle. It is exquisite, gorgeous, solemn and exquisite, which embodies the achievements of gold and silver crafts in the Qing Dynasty.
During the Qianlong period, the gold and silver wares were made by casting, hammering, welding, pointing and other processes, which combined various processes such as convex, sinking, shallow yin, shallow yang and hollowing out. There is also a new process of firing transparent enamel on gold and silver utensils and filling the enamel with gold wire.
For example, an inkstone box inlaid with silver gilt enamel is made of silver, covered with flowers wrapped in branches, embedded with silver pieces in the middle, and made of burning blue enamel as Yunlong play beads. The whole inkstone box is magnificent, representing the highest level of gold and silver ware manufacturing technology in Qianlong period.
Gold and silver wares in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period-fresh and lively
The variety of gold and silver wares increased, and gold and silver wares appeared.
Judging from the artistic characteristics and production technology of gold and silver vessels, there are great differences between the styles of north and south.
The gold and silver wares unearthed in the north and their fine gold craftsmanship are very developed.
Most of the gold and silver wares in southern China are vessels, and most of them are made by bronze craft.
Treasure of Qin and Han Dynasties-Abundance and Prosperity
Casting, polishing and other technologies have been comprehensively used in the production of gold and silver wares in Qin Dynasty.
The gold and silver wares of the Han Dynasty were accessories, with simple shapes and mostly plain faces.
The refined gold technology has gradually matured, and the shapes, patterns and colors of gold and silver are more exquisite and colorful.
Treasures in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties —— Exotic customs
There were a lot of gold and silver wares in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties.
The social function of gold and silver vessels has been further expanded, the production technology has become more skilled, and the shapes and patterns of vessels have been constantly innovated.
The more common gold and silver utensils are ornaments.
Gold and silver wares in Sui and Tang Dynasties-colorful
China's ancient gold and silver wares have flourished since the Tang Dynasty.
Due to the influence of the introduction of western gold and silver vessels, it has reached an unprecedented variety and diverse shapes.
Royal style, regardless of cost, makes the gold and silver wares exquisite in craftsmanship and ornamentation, reflecting the prosperous culture and art and advanced scientific and technological level of the Tang Dynasty.
The gold and silver wares in Tang Dynasty can be divided into ornaments, utensils, eating utensils, drinking utensils, containers and miscellaneous utensils.
Gold and silver wares in Song and Yuan Dynasties-fresh and elegant
The gold and silver wares in Song Dynasty are light, exquisite, elegant and beautiful, with perfect national style.
The modelling is extremely exquisite, the fancy is various, and it is characterized by simplicity and elegance.
The gold and silver wares of the Yuan Dynasty were similar to those of the Song Dynasty, except for daily utensils and ornaments, there were more furnishings.
From the point of view of modeling and decoration, it is very particular and has many plain faces.
However, some gold and silver wares in the Yuan Dynasty also showed a trend of ornate and complicated ornamentation.
Gold and silver wares in Ming and Qing dynasties-gorgeous and rich
During the Ming and Qing dynasties, gold and silver vessels tended to be gorgeous and rich, with a strong palace atmosphere.
The elegant shape of the container, colored gems inlay and dragon and phoenix patterns symbolize nobility and power.
In Ming Dynasty, the gold and silver wares were vivid and simple, and the decorative structures tended to be dense.
The gold and silver wares in Qing Dynasty have both traditional styles and are influenced by other arts.
The gold and silver wares in Qing dynasty can be summarized as fine and fine.
The composite technology is developed, and the combination of gold and silver utensils with enamel, pearls, jade and precious stones increases the nobleness and beauty of the utensils.