According to ancient legends, jade is the embodiment of fairies and fairies, and is called "Jade Queen". It is said that the Emerald Fairy was born in a family of traditional Chinese medicine in Dali, China, where the scenery is beautiful. She is naturally beautiful and helpful.
By chance, the prince of Myanmar was fascinated by her beautiful appearance, so he hired a jade fairy with a large sum of money.
Since the Emerald Fairy married the prince of Myanmar and became the "Emerald Empress", she has done many good things for the poor working people in Myanmar, exorcising evil spirits and treating diseases, and often taught the poor to sing and dance.
However, what the Jade Queen did violated the royal ethics of Myanmar at that time. The king was very angry and demoted the "Jade Queen" to the mountainous area of Myitkyina in northern Myanmar.
The "Jade Queen" has traveled almost all over the mountains and rivers there, and everywhere she goes, she seeks medical advice for the poor.
Later, the "Jade Queen" died in Myitkyina, and her soul became the beautiful jade king "Jade". As a result, in the mountains of northern Myanmar, all the mountains and rivers visited by the "Jade Queen" left beautiful jade gems.
The beauty of jadeite lies in the exquisite beauty in the crystal, the vitality in the green everywhere, the moist in the vast water waves, the pure beauty in cleanliness, the introverted temperament, the character in conduct, the essence in elegance, the beauty in nature, the beauty in exquisiteness, the beauty in harmony and the beauty in the world.
Emerald is usually used to make women's bracelets. The prototype of bracelet began in Neolithic Age, and its earliest function was as a weapon, and then as decoration. The bracelets in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty and the Warring States Period are not much different from those in later generations, and they are called "rings" or "rings", while those in the Han Dynasty are called "bars" or "jumps". In the early Ming Dynasty, people still used this name, and the word "bracelet" only appeared in the Ming Dynasty.
In ancient China, jade was the country's most important weapon, and there were strict regulations on offering sacrifices to jade jade, jade cong, Gui, Zhang, Hu and Huang.
The imperial seal is a symbol of the country and the royal power. From the Qin Dynasty, the emperor adopted the system of taking jade as the seal, which continued until the Qing Dynasty.
In the Han Dynasty, there were three kinds of jewelry to ward off evil spirits: Weng Zhongyu, Mao corundum and Nan Peiyu, and many handed down products appeared.
Among the jadeites in the Han Dynasty, the inscriptions of "descendants of foreigners" such as jade bi and jade carving to ward off evil spirits are auspicious jades. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, some auspicious patterns of jade, especially the patterns of jade carving boys and flowers and birds, appeared widely, which laid the foundation for the prevalence of auspicious jade carving in the future.
All kinds of jade carving products with turtle lotus as the theme unearthed in Liao, Jin and Yuan Dynasties were carved on lotus leaves. In the Ming Dynasty, especially in the later period, jade carvings often adopted a pattern of "the plan must be intentional and the meaning must be auspicious".
The auspicious patterns of jadeite in the Qing Dynasty include immortals, Buddha statues, animals and plants, and some of them are dotted with words such as landing, longevity, auspiciousness and double happiness.
The appearance and popularity of auspicious patterns in jadeite in the Qing Dynasty actually reflects people's mentality of wishing others and themselves a happy life with the help of jadeite. In the Qing Dynasty, jadeite was widely used, resulting in many jadeite treasures.
For example, the emerald bead chain has a particle size of 0. 1 1 cm to 0. 15 cm and a length of 49.5 cm. The emerald is pure in color and the beads are round and full, which is very precious. Especially the rare topaz necklace, the particle size is 0.76 cm to 1. 18 cm, the chain length is 73.5 cm, the egg color is pure, and the beads are round and full.
There are also jade double-stranded bead chains. * * * 108 Yuzhu, 0.76 cm to 0.94 cm in diameter, 45.7 cm long and 50.8 cm long. Bright colors, even and delicate emeralds, round and full particles, are very precious.
Slightly larger vessels, such as Guanyin statue and jade jade, are 17 cm high. The overall emerald is rich in color, delicate and moist, and beautifully carved. Guanyin Bodhisattva's face is vivid and natural, with elegant folds, lifelike, peaceful and kind, and extremely precious. There is also a Guanyin statue sent by Emerald. Guanyin, commonly known as the goddess of pine nuts, is the image of a woman holding a boy. Guanyin is very popular among women in China. It is believed that a woman can get a child by touching a statue or chanting Guanyin in the center of her mouth.
It is said that there was a man named Sun Daode from Yizhou in Jin Dynasty, who was in his fifties and had no children. His home is near the Buddhist temple. During the Jingping period, a monk who knew him well said to him: If you really want a son, you must recite the Guanyin Sutra sincerely.
Sun Morality accepted the monk's suggestion, chanting scriptures and burning incense to worship Guanyin every day. After a while, he dreamed of Guanyin, and the Bodhisattva told him, "You will have a big fat son soon."
Sure enough, the lady soon gave birth to a chubby boy. Jade carving Buddha statue, 32 cm high. The color is warm and transparent, the emerald is even and delicate, and the whole body is huge and perfect. Sitting on the shoulders of the Buddha's earlobe with his hands crossed, the overall solemnity is very precious.
The taller one is a statue of Jade Guan Gong, which is about 1.22 meters high and weighs about 1 10 kg. It has a base, and a dragon carving broadsword is in its right hand. The figure is wearing a helmet, a beard on his left hand, a shirt and armor, boots on his ankles, his eyes closed slightly, and his expression is dignified.
The material of this statue is observed with the naked eye under the light. It can be seen that its texture is exquisite, its structural particles are dense, its color is soft, its stone lines are obvious, and its sound is crisp and pleasant, which is obviously different from other stone materials. The whole body is white and blue, close to glutinous rice, and there are faint violets floating between the legs. It can be said that the jade material opened the door.
The carving of this jade work is very exquisite, the scattered clouds, helmets and armor are carefully carved, and the folds of the shirt are very natural and reasonable. A handful of beards are subtle, very clear, and even visible to the naked eye.
Guan Gong's left arm and shoulder also have exquisite animal face relief, and the long blade held by his right arm is carved with dragon pattern and sun pattern, which is vivid and lifelike, and can only be completed by excellent old craftsmen in ancient times. Guan Gong looked dignified, looked down, seemed to open and close, and was quite vivid, belonging to Guan Gong's style in Qing Dynasty. In addition, jadeite is also widely used in practical and beautifully decorated items such as belt buckles. For example, Qingganlong carved a dragon with a buckle, which was 5. 1 cm long. This jade is delicate in texture, finely carved and elegant in shape. Jade carving buttons are relatively rare, and jade buttons of this texture are also rare in the Qing Dynasty. Golden old jadeite is quite rare. The golden dragon button of the old jadeite in the middle Qing Dynasty is 5.7 cm long, 3.3 cm wide and 1.9 cm thick. The sculpture is first-class, and the dragon is powerful and lifelike. The whole body is full of brilliance, very beautiful, carefully polished, and you can't see a trace of weight.
Other jadeite jade tubes found in Chashan, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, are 6.5 cm long, 1.4 cm in diameter and 0.8 cm in aperture. It's green, gray, white and shiny. Cylindrical, hollow, with a wide handle at the upper end and a through hole drilled in the handle.
According to the laws and regulations of the Qing Dynasty, civil servants should use jade jade pipes to assist the town. From the military attache to the general of Yipin Town and the general of Fuzhou, Bai Yuling should be in charge. Therefore, in the Qing Dynasty, wearing Yu Pei and Baiyu pipes was often a symbol of a civil and military official.
The official hat of the Qing Dynasty has a feather tube under the crown bead for placing feather branches. Green rhombic branches are divided into green feather and Henaan. Blue feathers are made of stork hair, and flower feathers are made of peacock hair. Hualing was a symbol of distinguishing prestige and showing rank in Qing dynasty, which was not worn by ordinary officials.
Its function is to show ranks and reward military achievements. In the Qing dynasty, the imperial capital repeatedly ordered and applied, and it was not allowed to wear it indiscriminately or not to wear it at will. If they break the rules, they will strictly participate. Officials who are generally demoted or dismissed and remain in office can still wear royal clothes according to the current level, and they are fined for plucking flowers and feathers, which is an extremely serious punishment. Hualing is divided into one eye, two eyes and three eyes, and the three eyes are the most noble; The so-called "eye" refers to the eye-shaped circle on the peacock feather, and a circle counts as a glance.
In the early Qing dynasty, members of the royal family were lower in rank than princes, county kings, Baylor's Beizi and Gulen, and had the right to wear three-eyed feathers. In the imperial clan and vassal department of the Qing dynasty, the relatives and masters who were sealed as the town Lord or the auxiliary country Lord had the right to wear two dazzling feathers. Ministers in charge of internal affairs, commanders and leaders of forward camps and guard camps with five or more products have the right to wear monocular feathers, while foreign civil servants do not grant flower feathers.
It can be seen that Hua Ling is a unique crown ornament of princes and nobles with high status in Qing Dynasty, and even within clans and princes, Hua Ling should not be abused excessively. Parents who are qualified to wear Hualing must pass the necessary riding and shooting tests when they are 10 years old.
For example, Cui Yuling, a prodigy in the Qing Dynasty, was 3.8 cm long, which was half that of ordinary Lingguan. Yuling tube is basically full of dark green, with small white land, hard texture, fine carving, smooth and glass texture. But one side is seriously corroded and feels uneven.
Compared with the clothes worn by well-known civil and military officials, the clothes worn by child prodigies are extremely rare. The seal of the jade lion buckle in Qing Dynasty has a lion buckle with oil. The emerald seal below also has a little red Fei, which means good. The seal is 2.6 cm high, 1.7 cm wide and 0.9 cm thick. Emerald was not only used for artifacts at that time, but also for imitation of ancient bronzes. For example, the jade tripod with two ears, 13.8 cm high, is rich in color, delicate in emerald, fine in craftsmanship, and heavy and solid as a whole, which is particularly precious. There are also jade and melon square pot ornaments, which are 25.5 cm high, suitable in color and depth, moist in jade color, finely carved and rich in overall business, which are relatively rare.
Melons and fruits can also be decorated with auspicious meanings separately, such as the jade carving flower melon and fruit decorated with Fu Lushou, which is 13 cm high and made of emerald octagonal, partially red and largely green. Hollow round carving, with cucumber, radish, peach and other fruits. There is a string of copper coins on the side.
Melon vines, lush branches and leaves, dotted with small flowers. Cucumber is also called cucumber, which means blessing, longevity means longevity, and the string of copper coins is a symbol of wealth. The three are one, and Fu Lushou is three complete. This is for good luck. Originally equipped with rosewood and turquoise seats, beautifully carved. And rich in meaning, such as the jade ornaments of "Woods Deng Ke", Woods Deng Ke, also known as "Woods Lianke", and Saint Amethyst recorded:
Dou Yanshan, an upright man, taught five sons and became famous. It's your father's fault that you don't teach. It's your lax teaching and your teacher's laziness. It is inappropriate for children not to study. Why do you want to do it when you are young and don't learn? The best diamonds must be cut. Unless you learn, you will become an animal.
Later, it gradually evolved into an auspicious pattern decorated by Wu Zi Deng Keyu, which pinned the hope that ordinary people expected their children to become famous together like Dou Jia Wu Zi.
In the Five Dynasties, Dou Yujun, a native of Yuyang, Jizhou, was over forty and childless. One day, he dreamed that his grandfather told him that he had to go to Xiu De and obey his fate. Since then, Dou scrimped and saved, used his savings to run a compulsory education school in his hometown and did many good deeds.
Later, he had five sons, Dou Yi, Yan Dou, Dou Kan, Dou Zhuo and Dou Nuo. Dou Fu inherited his family's studies and taught his sons the right way. His sons were diligent and well-read, and successively achieved good results in the imperial examinations. As an official for the DPRK, he is a "five son-in-law", which is legendary in the ancient city of Yuyang.
Empress Dowager Ye Henala, Empress Dowager Cixi of the Qing Dynasty, cherished jade articles to an extent unmatched by previous emperors. She especially likes jade articles and values them more than any other treasure. The number of jade articles she used and played with was enough to fill 3000 sandalwood boxes.
Empress Dowager Cixi's love for jade was known to Manchu and Han officials at that time, so she made contributions to gain her appreciation. Empress Dowager Cixi prefers jade to high-quality diamonds, which can be explained by two points:
First of all, Empress Dowager Cixi is a real jade fan. A foreign envoy once gave her a big diamond. She took a slow look and waved. "Get out of the way."
She doesn't want a fire-breathing diamond, but she likes a small piece of jade given to her by another person. "Good deeds are rewarded!" Gave him a valuable reward.
Second, before Prince Gong retired from the military plane, his uncle and sister-in-law were unhappy because of state affairs. Gong Wang got a grandmother's emerald finger wrench, which she wears on her hand all day.
A few days later, Cixi summoned King Gong and saw that he was wearing a jade finger like water, so she asked him to take it off and have a look. Who knows that Cixi took it and praised it while rubbing it, as if she were fondling it. While asking questions, she put it on the dragon case.
Zhou Wang saw that BanZhi had no hope of returning, so she had to pretend to be generous and gave it to her.
Empress Dowager Cixi's headdress is made of jade and pearls, which are beautifully made. Each piece of jade or pearl can move independently. Wear a jade bracelet on your wrist; Wearing a 10 cm long jade finger wrench, especially a ring, the jade carving master carved it into a delicate and realistic cucumber-shaped ring according to the color form of jade.
Even, Cixi's tableware is jade bowls, chopsticks, spoons and plates. Empress Dowager Cixi has 13 sets of golden bells and 13 sets of jade bells, which are the main musical instruments of the Palace Band. The jade clock is hung on a beautifully carved bell stand, with a height of 2.67 meters and a width of 1 meter.
1873, Empress Dowager Cixi began to choose a "land of eternal happiness" for herself and build a mausoleum. After the site selection of the mausoleum, she put the jade hand on her wrist and threw it into the underground palace as a "treasure of the town mausoleum".
Empress Dowager Cixi was still accompanied by jade jewelry after her death. In Li's Notes on Love Moon Xuan, what Cixi saw and heard when she died was described in disorder:
"Lafayette" is wearing a Phnom Penh shirt, a plain gold satin robe and a colorful embroidered robe embroidered with beads. Wearing a rockhopper with a string of pearls, the largest one on it is like an egg, weighing about 4 Liang; Wearing two hanging beads and various ornaments on the chest, set with 800 pearls and 35 precious stones; There are 9 beaded ribbons on the waist; The wrist is decorated with a pair of diamond bracelets, which are connected by a big chrysanthemum and six small plum blossoms, which are extremely exquisite; A pair of lotus ankle shoes with gold embroidered beads ... and a rare big night pearl in his mouth. Before the body of Cixi entered the coffin, there were three layers of embroidered mattresses and a layer of pearls at the bottom of the coffin, about 33 cm thick.
The first floor is a Jinzhujin mattress with 12604 pearls, 85 rubies, two emeralds, tourmalines and 203 white jade inlaid on the surface; The second floor is a silk mattress embroidered with lotus flowers, which is covered with 2400 pearls; The third layer is a thin mattress embroidered with beads, with 1320 pearls; There is a jade lotus leaf on the head, weighing 22 Liang. There is a big pink agate lotus at the foot, weighing 36 Liang.
After the body entered the coffin, the head was covered with a yellow silk hibiscus pillow and a large peony quilt embroidered with pearls of various colors; There are 27 Buddha statues carved with gold, jade, precious stones and jadeite beside them; There is an emerald watermelon, two pairs of melons, two emerald cabbages, and more than 200 peaches, apricots, plums and dates made of precious stones. There is a green slug lying on the top of the cabbage, and there are two wasps beside the leaves.
A emerald lotus root was placed on the left side of the body, and three white lotus roots were carved from natural lime soil. There are leaves on the node that give birth to new green, and a lotus flower is in full bloom. On the right side of the corpse, a jade carving red coral tree stood upright, with a peach with green leaves and red fruits wrapped around it, and a emerald bird fell from the top of the tree.
In addition, there are more than 700 jade horses and eighteen arhats in the coffin. The gap in the coffin was filled with 4 liters of pearls and 2200 rubies and sapphires. After the funeral, the body was covered with a twisted golden Dalagni Sutra woven from 820 pearls.