In which dynasty did the compass appear? According to the literature, it was in the Song Dynasty.
The predecessor of the compass is called "Sina", and the earliest record can be found in You Did Everything Wrong in the third century BC. At that time, when people talked about the phenomenon that magnets attract iron, they thought it meant "motherly belt", so they once wrote "magnetism" as "kindness".
Sina is like a household spoon with a hemispherical bottom. In order to reduce friction, it is easy to turn when placed on a plate with "stem and branch" scales. In the Song Dynasty in the 0/2nd century A.D./KLOC, Zhu Yu talked about the navigation compass in Ketan, Zhou Ping, and Xu Jing talked about the navigation compass in the Koryo Atlas. Some people say that it is still too early to use the compass, because according to the records of Yue in the Southern Dynasties, the "guiding boat" appeared in the Jin Dynasty. (According to Japanese records, in the fourth year of Qi Ming (the third year of Tang Gaozong's reign of Emperor Xianqing, AD 658), Abe said: "Abe led Chen Tian Birov to attack Sushen (Bohai Kingdom)-Shaman wisdom surpassed South Locomotive." The guided car system is used to crusade against caution at sea. At that time, Birov led the 180 boat to participate in the war. In the same book, the Emperor of Heaven said in the sixth year (Tang Gaozong was sealed for two years, AD 667): "The wisdom of Japanese Shamanism in the Han Dynasty was dedicated to CSR." "Shaman in the Han Dynasty" refers to the monks who naturalized in China. ) By the Southern Song Dynasty, an independent instrument compass was made (the device used to indicate the direction of magnetic meridian with a compass was called a compass), which was widely used in navigation.
Although Shen Kuo recorded four methods of arranging compasses in Meng Qian Bi Tan in the Northern Song Dynasty: Shui Piao method, bowl lip rotation method and nail rotation method, they are not real compasses. The earliest record of the geomantic compass was in the Southern Song Dynasty and Zeng Sanyi's "Shuo Wen Jie Zi Ji": "The ground snail either has a meridian needle or sews a needle between the meridian ... The meridian is positive between the north and the south of the world, or the south of the Yangtze River is biased, so it is difficult to use the meridian needle, so it involves the meridian."
Western books introducing compasses first appeared in the beginning of the 3rd century/KLOC-0, which was later than the records of Zhou Ping Carving Tan and other books 100. The deviation between water floating needle and magnetic needle was recorded in Meng Qian Bi Tan written by Shen Kuo in Song Dynasty. Columbus discovered the deflection angle of the magnetic needle when crossing the Atlantic for the first time, which was more than 400 years later than that recorded by Shen Kuo. The liquid magnetic compass is widely used in ships in modern countries, which is an important creation of navigation technology. This design is based on the traditional dry compass in Europe, absorbing the floating needle technology in China for 800 years, making the magnetic compass more and more perfect. This is an important achievement of scientific and technological exchanges between China and the West.
The "snail" here is the "snail", which originated from the ruins because the main function of the ruins is to divide the north and the south. "Zhou Li Titles the Country and Ye Jing Shu": "The road between the North and the South is called Beijing." Therefore, this website is also called classic. Therefore, snail, compass and curved disk all have the same meaning.
compass
Before the invention of the compass, the ancients used the stars to identify the orientation, observed the Polaris at night to determine the orientation, and identified the orientation by the shadow of the sun during the day. At a very early time, our ancestors invented the compass and the sundial to distinguish the squares of the earth. The sundial is the earliest compass.
Before the invention of the compass, it was impossible to divide the square of the earth very finely. There are only eight directions, north, northeast, east, southeast, south, southwest, west and northwest, which can be used to describe the direction and orientation. Feng Shui is represented by eight diagrams: Kangua represents the north, Gengua represents the northeast, Zhengua represents the east, Yijigua represents the southeast, Liyu represents the south, Kungua represents the southwest, Dugua represents the west and Gangua represents the northwest.
Sun Gui's positioning divides the ground plane into twelve equal parts, and uses twelve earthly branches: Zi, Ugly, Yin, Mao, Chen, Si, Wu, Wei, Shen, You, Xu and Hai to express the orientation.
With the development of processing industry, the magnetic needle changed from spoon to needle, and from floating magnetic needle to thimble, which made the measurement accuracy of compass change qualitatively. In the Tang Dynasty, Yang Junsong combined the Eight Diagrams and the Twelve Branches into one, and added all the heavenly stems A, B, C, D, E, Ji, Geng, Xin, Ren and Gui to the earthwork system to indicate the position except the two branches of E and Ji. Thus, 360 degrees around the horizon is divided into twenty-four equal parts, called twenty-four mountains, each of which accounts for fifteen degrees, and three mountains are a divination, each of which accounts for forty-five degrees. Since the founding of the Tang Dynasty, 24 mountains have been preserved. Therefore, the site of Twenty-four Mountains is one of the main levels in Pan Yang. In the north, there are three mountains: Renzi, Zi and Gui, which belong to the acquired Kangua and the acquired Kungua respectively. Three mountains in the northeast are ugly, ugly and awkward. The day after tomorrow, they belong to divination, which belongs to congenital divination.
The three mountains in the east, A, Mao and B, belong to the deviation between acquired divination and postnatal divination; The three mountains in the southeast are Chen, Xun and Si, the day after tomorrow belongs to Xun Gua, and the congenital belongs to Du Gua;
The three mountains in the south, C, noon and D, are separated from divination the day after tomorrow and are divination for the day after tomorrow; The three mountains in the southwest are not Kun and Shen, and the day after tomorrow belongs to Kun Gua, and the congenital belongs to Kun Gua; Xisanshan, Geng, You and Xin belong to acquired divination, and divination is congenital; The three mountains in the northwest, dry and sea, belong to the post-heavenly dry divination and congenital divination.
SONYA Pan
As the founder of Yang Gong geomantic omen, Yang Gong not only established a complete geomantic omen theory, but also reformed the geomantic omen compass reasonably.
The Twenty-four Mountain Plate was created by Yang Gong. Before Yang Gong, there were no complete twenty-four mountain plates, only eight diagrams plates and twelve branches. Although the compass of the Han Dynasty also has the marks of "Eight Diagrams", "Earthly Branches" and "Heavenly Branches", it does not divide the degrees equally, but divides the heavenly stems, eight diagrams and twelve earthly branches into three layers with different degrees. Yang Gong rearranged it, and completely distributed Bagua and heavenly stems and earthly branches on the plane, which was an epoch-making creation.
The astrolabe of the Twenty-four Mountains, or the Seventy-two Dragon Pan, was created by Yang Gong in his later years. Through long-term exploration and practice, Yang Gong found that Yin-Yang and Five Elements generally exist in all directions, and the distribution of Yin-Yang and Five Elements according to the attributes of Eight Diagrams and Five Elements is not consistent with the actual situation. It's too rough to use yin and yang dragons as dragons. Through repeated research, the twelve earthly branches and heavenly stems are matched to express the attributes of the dragon, which is called "upside down" five elements. In the "Green Capsule Austrian Language", "upside down, there are jewels on the 24 th Mountain; On the other hand, there is a fire pit on the twenty-fourth mountain, and this "upside down" refers to the seventy-two dragons in Yin Na's five lines.
(compass diagram)
Han dynasty compass
The celestial disk was also created by Yang Gong. Yang Gong found that there was a big mistake in using the site to receive water in the practice of geomantic omen. According to the original principle of left hand in heaven and right hand in tunnel,
compass
Richard, created Pan Tian Shuang Shan to eliminate sand and receive water. Only the sky disk on the compass is Shuang Shan, and there is no Shuang Shan on the other disks. The ancients believed that the dragon descended from the sky, belonging to heaven and being yang. Water flows underground, which belongs to the terrane and is cloudy. Because of the displacement effect caused by the relative movement of heaven and earth rotating from left to right, the sky disk used to receive water has to move to the right, so Yang Gong rotated it to the right by 7.5.
Shuang Shan's five elements are three in five, with the Heavenly Palace, with the Shame and Ugly Palace, with the Genyin Palace, with the Jiamao Palace, with Chen Gong, with Xun, Si Palace, with Bingwu Palace, with Ding, Shen Palace, with Gengyou Palace, and with Xinhai Palace. Shuang Shan lies right in the middle of the twelve branches in this area. The twelve earthly branches are organized into three groups according to Wang Sheng's tomb, namely Shenzichen Sanhe Water Bureau, Yin Wu Sanhe Fire Bureau, Siyou Ugly Sanhe Gold Bureau and Haimao Sanhe Wood Bureau. Chen Xuchou is not only the tomb of water, fire, gold and wood, but also an important place for the copulation of yin and yang in Longshui, which is called the four water mouths.
Therefore, this site, together with the Sky Plate and the Seventy-two Dragon Plate, is called "Pan Yang".
Later, in the Song Dynasty, Lai Buyi introduced the Twenty-eight Nights and Five Stars, and added a personal tray dedicated to eliminating sand. The Twenty-four Mountain of Renpan rotates 7.5 degrees counterclockwise relative to the Twenty-four Mountain of Ruins.
Renpan is also called "Lai Pan".