Zircon is the main ore for refining zirconium metal, which contains impurities such as Hf, Th, U and TR. Zircon widely exists in acidic igneous rocks, metamorphic rocks and other sediments.
The chemical properties of zircon are very stable, so gem-grade zircon can also be seen in river gravel. There are many kinds of zircon, and different zircon will have different colors, such as black, white, orange, brown, green or colorless and transparent. The cut gem-grade zircon looks like a diamond. Zircon used to be called zircon.
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Compared with other common refractories, zirconium sand has small thermal expansion, high thermal conductivity and strong chemical stability, so high-quality zircon has good adhesion with other binders and is used in foundry industry. Zirconium sand is also used as a brick in glass kilns. Zirconium sand and zircon powder mixed with other refractories have other uses.
Zirconium reacts with dolomite at high temperature to produce zirconium dioxide (ZrO2). Zirconia is also a high-quality refractory, although its crystal shape changes with temperature.
Stable zirconia also contains a small amount of oxides of magnesium, calcium, scandium or yttrium. The melting point of stabilized zirconia is close to 2700. It is resistant to thermal shock and reacts worse than zircon in some metallurgical applications. The thermal conductivity of stabilized zirconia is low, so it is harmless for hafnium dioxide to be used as refractory in industrial zirconia.
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