(1) Show off your wealth. Lots of expensive materials are used, full of decorations, bright colors and jewels.
(2) Pursuing novelty. Architects are unconventional, and unprecedented architectural techniques emerge one after another. The main paths of innovation are: giving architectural entities and spatial dynamics, or twists and turns, or riots and conflicts; Secondly, break the boundaries between architecture, sculpture and painting to make them penetrate each other; Here, structural logic is not considered, and irrational combination is adopted to achieve the illusion effect of metamorphosis.
(3) tend to be natural.
(4) Cities and buildings often have a solemn, solemn and vigorous atmosphere, but they are full of joy and enthusiasm.
To put it simply, it is to distinguish whether it is baroque or not from the appearance. Generally, the appearance will be more complicated, there will be more sculptures, and some curves will often be played to break the normal sense of space. Interior decoration often combines rococo style.
Rococo style is a kind of architectural style, which is mainly manifested in interior decoration. 18 was produced in France in the 1920s and developed on the basis of baroque architecture.
The characteristics of Rococo style are: bright colors and exquisite decorations are applied indoors, and the furniture is also very delicate and complicated, unlike Baroque style, which has strong colors and rich decorations. The interior space of buildings in southern Germany and Lokogo, Austria is very complicated.
The characteristics of rococo decoration are: delicate and gentle, often using asymmetric techniques, like to use arcs and S-shaped lines, especially like to use shells, eddies and rocks as decorative themes, winding grass and flowers, lingering and winding into one. The ceiling and the wall are sometimes connected by curved surfaces, and murals are arranged at the corners.
In order to imitate the natural form, indoor buildings are often made into asymmetric shapes, which vary greatly, but sometimes they are artificial. Indoor wall painting, love to use bright light colors such as light green, pink, rose red and so on. And most of the feet are gold. Indoor dado boards are sometimes made of wooden boards and sometimes made into exquisite frames. There is a circle of lace around the frame, and the middle is often lined with light-colored oriental brocade.
Rococo style reflects the life interest of the nobles of Louis XV, France, and was once popular in Europe. The representative works of this style include the Princess Salon in Soubise Mansion and the Queen's Room in Versailles.
Baroque art architecture
Baroque architecture is an architectural and decorative style developed on the basis of Italian Renaissance architecture in 17 ~ 18 century. It is characterized by free appearance, dynamic pursuit, rich decoration and sculpture, strong color, and commonly used curved surface and oval space.
The original meaning of the word baroque in the Roman Jesuit church, which embodies baroque style, is strange and eccentric, and classicists use it to refer to this architectural style that is considered deviant. This style has played an important role in opposing rigid classical forms, pursuing free and unrestrained styles and expressing secular interests, and has influenced city squares, garden art and even literary and art departments. It was once popular in Europe.
The Jesuit church in Rome, designed by the famous Italian architect and architectural theorist Vignola in the late Renaissance, is a masterpiece of the transition from technicalism to baroque style, and some people call it the first baroque building.
Handicraft is an artistic style in Europe in the late16th century. Its main feature is the pursuit of weird and unusual effects, such as expressing space in a deformed and uncoordinated way and expressing characters in an exaggerated slender proportion. In the history of architecture, it refers to the tendency of early baroque style in the works of some Italian architects from 1530 to 1600.
The Jesuit church in Rome has a rectangular plane with a shrine at the end, which evolved from the Latin cross used in Gothic churches. The central hall is wide, and the vault is covered with statues and decorations. Two rows of small prayer rooms were used on both sides to replace the original side porch. A dome rises in the middle of the cross. The altar of the church is richly decorated and free, and the mountain flowers on it break through the classical French style, making icons and decorating the lights. The facade of the church draws lessons from the treatment method of Santa Maria, a small Florence church designed by Alberti, an architect in the early Renaissance. The eaves and mountain flowers above the main entrance are made into overlapping arcs and triangles, and inclined columns and flat pilasters are used on both sides of the main entrance. There are two pairs of large scrolls on both sides of the upper part of the front. These therapies were unique and were widely imitated later.
Baroque style broke the blind worship of Vitruvius, an ancient Roman architectural theorist, and also broke through all kinds of rules and regulations formulated by classicists in the late Renaissance, reflecting the secular thought of yearning for freedom. On the other hand, the baroque church is magnificent, which can create a very strong mysterious atmosphere and meet the requirements of the Catholic church to show off its wealth and pursue mystery. Therefore, Baroque architecture originated in Rome and soon spread all over Europe, even as far away as America. Some baroque buildings pursue luxury and verve too much, even to the point of being bulky and piled up.
Since 1930s, the wealth of Italian churches has been increasing day by day, and all parishes have built their own baroque churches. Because of its small scale, it is not suitable to use Latin cross plane, so it is mostly changed to single-space halls such as round, oval, plum blossom and round-petal cross Baloteau church, and a large number of curved surfaces are used in modeling.
A typical example is the church of San Carlo in Rome, which was designed by Borromini. Its temple plane is approximately olive-shaped, and there are some irregular small prayer rooms around it; There is also a living courtyard. The hall plane and ceiling decoration emphasize dynamic curve, the vertical mountain flowers are disconnected, the cornice is horizontally bent, the wall is concave and convex, and the decoration is rich, which has a strong light and shadow effect. Although the design technique is skillful, it is inevitable that there is a feeling of affectation. /kloc-after the middle of the 0/7th century, baroque churches became popular in Italy. There are many novel and original works, but there are also buildings with poor technology and excessive stacking.
In order to show off the wealth of papal countries to pilgrims, the papal authorities built wide avenues and magnificent squares in Rome, which opened up a new road for the free and unrestrained style of Baroque.
Roman Polo Square, built by Roman architect fontana in the17th century, is the intersection of three radial main roads, with an obelisk in the center and statues and green belts around it. There are two symmetrical churches with the same style between the radial main roads. This square is open and unrestrained, and many European countries are scrambling to follow suit. France built a radial square in front of Versailles Palace, and Russia built a radial square in front of the Admiralty Building in Petersburg. The square in front of St. Peter's Cathedral in Rome was designed by bernini, an outstanding baroque architect and sculptor, and is surrounded by the Tuscan colonnade in Rome. The whole layout is bold and dynamic, and the light and shadow effect is strong.
Baroque architectural style is also very popular in some countries in Central Europe, especially Germany and Austria. /kloc-in the second half of the 0/7th century, many German architects combined Italian Baroque architectural style with German national architectural style after returning from studying in Italy. By the first half of18th century, German Baroque architecture had become a wonderful work in the history of European architecture.
Baroque church in Germany is simple and elegant in appearance, soft in shape, less in decoration, dry and flat in exterior wall, and in harmony with the natural environment. The interior decoration of the church is very gorgeous, which creates a strong contrast between the inside and the outside. Famous examples are the Fourteen Saints Pilgrimage Church in the suburbs of Bamberg and Abbey Church in Roche.
The layout of the pilgrimage church of the Fourteenth Saints is very novel. The main hall and shrine are made into three continuous ellipses, and the arched ceiling echoes this. The interior of the church is covered with all kinds of plant-like decorative patterns made of lime mud, which is magnificent. The appearance of the church is relatively dull, with a pair of towers on the front, dotted with soft curves and full of intimacy.
The representative of Balot architecture: Roche Abbey Church in San Diego Cathedral is also simple in appearance and beautifully decorated in interior, especially the ceiling above the shrine is covered with flying angels carved with white marble, and in the middle of the shrine is a group sculpture composed of the Virgin Mary and two angels; Below the shrine is a group of statues of saints with different expressions.
Austrian baroque architectural style was mainly imported from Germany. /kloc-In the first half of the 8th century, many famous buildings in Austria were designed by German architects. For example, the Shubelen Palace in Vienna is a serious classical architectural form, while the interior hall is Italian Baroque style. All the pillars in the hall are carved into human shapes, and the pillars and vaults are covered with relief decoration, which is the product of the combination of baroque style and classical style.
It rose in the middle of17th century, with free and unrestrained style and complex and changeable modeling, but some architectural decorations were piled up too much. Santiago Cathedral in Spain is a typical example of architecture in this period.
rococo
The appearance of Rococo architecture is satisfied with rhythmic layout, natural building materials or a simple tone, while the interior decoration is colorful and diverse. The greatest feature is the hedonism of life, which is the secular enjoyment stage of life, mainly reflected in the palaces built by the royal nobles for themselves.
Comparison between Baroque architecture and Rococo architecture: The former pays attention to the sense of rhythm, quantity, space and varied three-dimensional sense of lines, which has the effect of painting. On the basis of the former, the latter pays more attention to the formal beauty of the wall, covers the wall with complex curves and decorative paintings, even enriches the indoor space with mirrors or candlesticks, and likes to decorate the interior with imported products (such as China porcelain, Japanese lacquerware, oriental silk and tapestries, African jewelry, Italian crystal lamps, etc.). ).
Interior decoration is usually based on white, with flowers, grass stems, palms, waves, foam or shells as decorative patterns, which brings an extremely slender and lively interest, but it destroys the sense of balance, solemnity and stability of the building, especially the dazzling colors such as gold, white, light green and pink. This complicated and artificial style is really the acme of decorative arts.
Representative works: G. Beaufland (1667 ~ 1754), the House of Subitz in Paris (1736-9, such as the Princess Hall inside). Kaisersal (1749 ~ 1754) in the residence in Wü rzburg, Germany, was built by architects B. Neumann (1687 ~ 1745) and Tibolo (G.
representative works
Boffrand (G. Boffrand, 1667 ~ 1754), the house in Paris (1736-9, such as the Princess Hall inside).
Kaisersal (1749 ~ 1754), a residence in Wü rzburg, Germany, was built under the leadership of architect B. Neumann (1687 ~ 1745), and Tiboro (G. Danish Palace) is also a standard rococo building.