Mineral resources are very important non-renewable natural resources and an indispensable material basis for the survival and development of human society. It is not only an important source of people's living materials, but also an extremely important means of social production. According to statistics, more than 95% of energy and more than 80% of industrial raw materials in the world today come from mineral resources. Mineral resources can be divided into metal minerals and non-metal minerals according to composition.
Metal minerals refer to rocks and minerals that contain metal elements and can be used for industrial extraction of useful metal components or direct utilization. Including 9 kinds of ferrous metals, 0/3 kinds of nonferrous metals/kloc-,8 kinds of precious metals, 3 kinds of radioactive metals and 33 kinds of rare earth and rare metals. Several important metals are briefly introduced below.
Ferrous metal iron is the earliest discovered and most widely used metal in the world, and it is the basic raw material of iron and steel industry.
Copper is a non-ferrous metal with good electrical and thermal conductivity, good ductility, strong corrosion resistance and easy casting, which is used in electrical, construction, transportation, machinery manufacturing, military and other industries.
Rare earth elements and rare metals are widely used in metallurgy, petrochemical industry, glass ceramics, magnetic materials, electronics industry, atomic energy industry, electric light source, medicine, textile, building materials and agriculture. The application prospect of superconducting technology is expanding day by day.
Gold is the earliest precious metal discovered and used by human beings. Widely used as hard currency, reserve, decoration, jewelry, and also widely used in industry. In recent years, it is increasingly used in cutting-edge technical fields, such as aerospace and electronics.
According to the different colors of metals, people divide metals into ferrous metals and nonferrous metals. Iron, manganese, chromium and all metals mainly iron are called ferrous metals, and all metals except ferrous metals are called nonferrous metals, such as copper, lead, zinc, aluminum, tungsten and antimony. Non-ferrous metal minerals are various and widely used, and are indispensable raw materials for industrial development.
China is rich in nonferrous metal minerals, mainly including copper, lead, zinc, aluminum, nickel, cobalt, tungsten, tin, bismuth, molybdenum, mercury, antimony, gold and silver. Among them, there are many * * * primary and associated minerals, mainly one or more.
The minerals in China are widely distributed, but relatively concentrated. Geological exploration shows that nonferrous metal minerals are mainly distributed in mountainous areas with frequent magmatic activities in the past, such as Nanling, Tianshan, Qilian, Qinling, Hengduan and Changbai Mountains. Among them, a polymetallic metallogenic belt with an area of about 550,000 square kilometers and a length of more than 900 kilometers from north to south was found in Jinsha River, Lancang River and Nujiang River at the junction of Sichuan, Yunnan, Qinghai and Tibet provinces in Hengduan Mountain area.
China's tungsten reserves account for 3/4 of the world's total reserves, and Jiangxi Dayu and Hunan Shizhuyuan are the largest tungsten mines in the world. Lengshuijiang in Hunan Province is the largest antimony mine in the world. Gejiu, known as the "Tin Capital", is an important producing area of tin mines in China. Important copper producing areas in China are Baiyin in Gansu, Daye in Hubei, Dongchuan in Yunnan, Dexing in Jiangxi and Tongling in Anhui. The main lead-zinc producing areas are Shuikou Mountain in Hunan, Lanping in Yunnan and Xitieshan in Qinghai. The main bauxite bases are central Shanxi, Gongxian County of Henan, Zibo of Shandong and Pingguo of Guangxi.
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